RANUNCULACE^E. XIV. RANUNCULUS. 



31 



Parnassia-leaoedCrov/foot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1769. PL -l to J ft. 

 3. Flowers yellow. Leaves undivided. 



52 R. GRAMINEUS (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 549. ed. 2. p. 773.) 

 leaves lanceolate, linear, quite entire ; stem erect, quite smooth, 

 with fibres at the neck ; scales of petals tubular ; root fascicled. 

 If, . H. Native of France, Valais, Spain, and Portugal, in argil- 

 laceous fields and meadows ; in Britain, in dry alpine pastures of 

 Wales. Curt. hot. mag. t. 164. Boiss. fl. eur. t. 380. Smith, 

 en^l. bot. t. 2306. Bull. herb. t. 123. Plant somewhat glau- 

 cous, and smooth. Scape 1-3-flowered. R. amplexicatilis, 

 Gouan. hort. monsp. 265, exclusive of the synonyms of Lin- 

 naeus. R. graminifolius, Sal. prod. 372. 



Far. a, linearis (D. C. syst. 1. p. 245.) leaves linear. Tab. 

 icon. 51. f. 1. Mor. hist. 2. p. 244. sect. 4. t. 30. f. 38. 



Var. /3, phcenicifblius (D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate. Moris, 

 hist. 2. p. 445. sect. 4. t. 30. f. 39. 



Var. y, hortensis (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers 

 double. Mor. hist. 2. p. 445. Perhaps this is nothing more 

 than the double flowering variety of R. lingua. 



Grassy-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ap. June. Wales. PL f to 1 foot. 



53 R. LONGICAU'LIS (Ledeb. in litt. ex. Spreng.) leaves all ner- 

 vous, obtuse, quite entire, and smooth, radical ones oblong-lan- 

 ceolate on long stalks, stem ones linear, half- stem-clasping; stem 

 tall, simple, rather pilose towards the top, few-flowered ; sepals 

 adpressed, rather hairy, about equal in length to the corolla. 

 If, . H. Native of Russia on mount Imaus. This species dif- 

 fers from R . gramineus, in the stem being almost simple, as well 

 as in the radical leaves being broader and stalked, and in the 

 petals being equal in length to the corolla, not longer. 



Long-stemmed Crowfoot. PL 1 foot. 



54 R. BUPLEUROIDES (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 365.) radical leaves 

 ovate-lanceolate, stalked, 3-5-nerved, quite entire ; stem erect, 

 woolly at the bottom ; scales of petals tubular ; root fascicled. 

 If.. H. Native of Portugal on hills in Beira. R. plantagineus, 

 Pers. ench. 1. p. 102. but not of All. R. gramineus, var. j3, Bir. 

 ren. 36. Like R. gramineus, but differing in the stems being 

 woolly at the base, and in the leaves being ovate-lanceolate, not 

 linear-lanceolate. 



Bupleurwm-like. Fl. May. June. PL -| to 1 foot. 



55 R. LI'NGUA (Lin. spec. 772.) leaves lanceolate, serrated, 

 sessile, half-stem-clasping ; stem erect, smooth ; root creeping. 

 Tf. . H. Native throughout the whole of Europe, Siberia, and 

 North America, from Pennsylvania to Virginia, in marshes, foun- 

 tains, and bogs. Smith, engl. bot. t. 100. R. palustris. Weinm. 

 phyt. t. 846. f. c. R. longifolius, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 189. Great 

 Spear-wort. Pet. engl. herb. t. 39. f. 5. Like R. flammula, but 

 larger in all its parts, and more rigid. Leaves entire, or tooth- 

 ed. Flowers sometimes double. 



Var. ft, grdcilis (Schlecht. anim. ran. p. 1 7.) stem slender ; 

 leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers small. 



Far. y, laciniatus (Schlecht. anim. ran. p. 17.) leaves jagged. 



Tongue-leaved. Crowfoot, or Great Spear-wort. Fl. May, Aug. 

 Britain. PL 1 to 2 feet. 



56 R. FLA'JIMULA (Lin. spec. 772.) leaves smooth, linear- 

 lanceolate, or somewhat ovate, almost entire, lower ones stalked ; 

 stem declinate, solid, throwing out roots at the joints ; peduncles 

 opposite the leaves ; carpels smooth. % . H. Native through- 

 out the whole of Europe, North Asia, North Africa, and North 

 America, in wet and boggy places. Smith, eug. bot. 1 17. Curt, 

 fl. lond. t. 37. fl. dan. t. 572. Bull, herb. t. 12. Small Spear-wort. 

 Pet. eng. herb. t. 39. f. 6. Differing from R. lingua in the 

 stems being declinate, not erect, and rooting at the joints ; solid, 

 not fistular, from R. reptans in throwing out roots only at the 

 lower joints of the stem. Flowers sometimes semi-double. 



Dr. Withering recommends the distilled water as an instan- 

 taneous emetic in cases of poison. He does not mention the 

 dose. Lightfoot says the bruised leaves of this plant are used in 

 many parts of the Highlands of Scotland, particularly in the isle 

 of Skye and other places upon the coast, for the purpose of rais- 

 ing blisters. It is applied in one or more limpet shells to the 

 part where the blisters are to be raised. 



Var. ft, serralus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 247.) leaves all serrated. 

 Jf.. H. Not so common as the first. Mor. hist. 2. p. 442. sect. 

 4.t. 29. f. 35. 



Var. y, ovatus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves all ovate and stalked. If, . H. 

 Very rare. R. ovatus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 102. 



Var. S, arcnarius (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves ovate-lanceolate, 

 stifF, cauline ones linear. If.. H. Native in sandy wet places 

 about Bayonne. R. flammuloldes of Rafin, is hardly distinct 

 from this variety. R. lanceolatus, Pall. herb. 



Var. c, intermedius (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 11.) stem creep- 

 ing, slender ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, upper ones linear, quite 

 entire. If. . H. Native of the gravelly banks of rivers from 

 Canada to Lat. 69. and Newfoundland. 



Flame Crowfoot or Lesser Spear-wort. Fl. June, Sep. Britain. 

 PL | to 1 foot. 



57 R. EE'PTANS (Lin. spec. 77S.) leaves linear, entire, smooth ; 

 stem creeping, and rooting at every joint ; carpels smooth. If. . 

 H. Native of Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Nor- 

 way, Russia near Petersburgh on the banks of the river Neva, 

 Siberia, and China near Pekin ; in sandy wet places on the bor- 

 ders of lakes and rivers ; in Britain, on the margins of alpine 

 lakes. Lin. fl. lapp, 236. t. 3. f. 5. FL dan. t. 108. Light, fl. 

 scot. f. in title. R. flammula, var. S, Smith, engl. fl. 3. p. 45. 

 This plant is supposed to be a variety of R. flammula, merely 

 arising from the nature of the places where it grows wild, never- 

 theless it differs in the stems being filiform and rooting at every 

 joint, as well as in the linear leaves, and much smaller flowers. 



Var. j3, jiliformis (Mx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 320.) leaves linear 

 awl-shaped, obtuse ; stems rooting at every joint. If. . H. Na- 

 tive of North America, in inundated places along the gravelly 

 banks of the rivers, from Canada to Lat. 69, Hudson's Bay and 

 Labrador. Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 392. ? R. flammula, 7, fili- 

 formis, Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 1 1 . 



Creeping Crowfoot or Spear-wort. FL Ju. Sep. Brit. Pl.^ft. 



58 R. NA'TANS (N. E. herb. Lamb.) plant floating; leaves on 

 long stalks, which sheath the stem at their base, lanceolate, en- 

 tire, or a little toothed, sometimes bifid ; petals blunt, longer 

 than the stamens and sepals. If.. W. H. Native of Mexico. 

 Flowers axillary and terminal, small, yellow. Allied to R. 



flammula. 



Floating Crowfoot. PL flt. 



59 R. PUSILLUS (Poir. diet. 6. p. 99.) leaves all on long 

 stalks, with the lower ones ovate, a little toothed, and with the 

 upper ones linear-lanceolate ; stems many, erect ; pedicels oppo- 

 site the leaves; petals length of calyx. %. H. Native of 

 Carolina on the margins of fountains, and in low watery places 

 on heaths. R. flammula, Walt. fl. carol. 158. R. humilis, Pers. 

 ench. 2. p. 102. Like R.jldmmula, but differing in the roots 

 being fibrous, and in the foot-stalk being 6-times longer than the 

 leaf, as well as in the flowers being 3-times smaller ; carpels 

 ovate, compressed, granular. 



Small Crowfoot. FL June, Aug. PL -| foot. 



60 R. POLYPHY/LLUS (Willcl. spec. 2. p. 1331.) leaves very 

 numerous on the stem, collected in whorles, emersed ones 

 stalked, ovate, rather 3-lobed , immersed ones rather filiform. 

 0. H. W. Native of Hungary in bogs and in water. Hayne, 

 term. bot. t. 28. f. 3. Waldst. and Kit. hung. 1. p. 44. t. 45. 

 Stem branched at the top, many-flowered. Flowers having 

 either 5-petals or 3-petals. Perhaps a species of Casalia. 



