RANUNCULACE^E. XIV. RANUNCULUS. 



35 



stems numerous, prostrate, or ascending ; radical leaves cordate- 

 roundish, stalked, 3-lobed ; lobes crenate ; cauline leaves sessile, 

 entire, opposite ; calyx reflexed, much shorter than the petals, 

 which are emarginate ; carpels rather inflated, pointed ; heads 

 ovate. If. H. Native of Mexico. Allied to R. repent. 

 Flowers middle-size, yellow. 



Many-stemmed Crowfoot. PI. foot. 



99 R. POLYRHIZOS (Steph. in Willd. spec. 2. p. 1324.) leaves 

 smooth, radical ones stalked, 3-5-cleft, with ovate entire lobes ; 

 cauline leaves sessile, cleft into many linear-entire lobes ; stem 

 somewhat prostrate, 1 -3-flowered ; calyx spreading, smooth. 

 If . H. Native of Caucasus, frequent about the colony of Sa- 

 repta, and at the rivers Terek and Volga ; of the Caspian deserts, 

 and the Altaian mountains. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 38. Bieb. pi. 

 rar. ross. 1. t. 19. Petals obovate. Carpels smooth, awned. 



Many-rooted Crowfoot. Fl. April, May. PI. to J foot. 



100 R. DEMISSUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 275.) leaves smooth, radical 

 ones stalked, 3-5-parted, with the partitions divided into linear 

 lobes ; scape almost naked, lying on the ground, 1 -2-flowered ; 

 calyx spreading, pubescent. If. . H. Native of Mount Lebanon. 

 Trunk of root thick. Cauline leaves wanting or solitary, linear, 

 simple or divided almost to the base into 3 linear lobes. Flowers 

 smaller than those of R. montanus. Carpels somewhat orbicular, 

 compressed, almost awnless. 



Lore Crowfoot. PI. trailing. 



101 R. PEDATIFIDUS (Smith, in Rees' cyclop, no. 72. Hook, 

 fl. bor. amer. p. 18. t. 8. B.) leaves somewhat pubescent, radical 

 ones palmately or pedately cut into 3 or 5 linear quite entire 

 lobes ; scapes almost naked, erect, 1 or 2-flowered ; calyx spread- 

 ing, rather villous. If.. H. Native of Siberia and North Ame- 

 rica on the barren summits of the Rocky Mountains. Stems 

 usually simple 1 -flowered, rarely bifid 2-flowered, with the two 

 cauline leaves sessile. Flowers a little smaller than those of R. 

 acris. Carpels terminated by the somewhat recurved styles. 



Pedate-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. PL i to J foot. 



102 R. MONTANUS (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1321.) radical leaves 

 smooth, 3-parted, orbicular, with trifid blunt segments, cauline 

 ones sessile, 3-5-parted into linear quite entire lobes ; stem 1 - 

 flowered, clothed with pressed pubescence at the top ; calyx 

 smoothish. 11 . H. Native of the Alps of Austria, Switzer- 

 land, France, and the Pyrenees in rugged meadows. R. nivalis, 

 Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. C86. Jacq. austr. t. 325 and 320. but not 

 of Lin. R. montanus, var. f. Bir. ren. 39. This is a common 

 species on the higher mountains of Europe, where it is often 

 confounded with R. Villdrsii, but differing in the stem usually 

 bearing only two leaves, and in having an almost smooth spread- 

 ing calyx, not villous with spreading hairs, as well as in the 

 floral leaves being linear-entire, not as in R, Gouani, deeply- 

 toothed. Flowers a little larger than those of.fi. dcris. Stigmas 

 beautifully revolute. 



Var. /3, tenuifotius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 276.) segments of leaves 

 acute, i;. H. Native of the Alps of Provence and Jura. R. 

 gracilis, Schleicher, pi. helv. 



Mountain Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1775. PL foot. 



103 R. AFFI'NIS (R. Br. Parry, voy. app. p. 265. Hook. fl. 

 bor. amer. p. 12. t. 6. A. a.) radical leaves pedately-multifid, 

 stalked, cauline ones almost sessile ; lobes of all linear ; stem 

 erect, 1 -2-flowered, and is as well as the calyxes and ovaries pu- 

 bescent; carpels with recurved beaks, collected into an oblong 

 cylindrical head. If. H. Native of North America from 

 Canada to the Arctic sea, on the Rocky Mountains and else- 

 where. The whole plant is somewhat hairy. Radical leaves 

 sometimes somewhat kidney-shaped, deeply crenated. Calyx 

 hairy, spreading, or slightly reflexed ; petals twice as large as the 

 sepals. 



Var. ft, apetalus (petals somewhat shorter than the calyx or 



wanting ; leaves less profoundly divided.) Hook. fl. bor. amer. 

 p. 13. t. 6. f. A. b. Native of Melville Island and shores of the 

 Arctic sea. 



Var. /, sulintegrifblhis (radical leaves roundish, almost en- 

 tire.) Native of Melville Island and shores of the Arctic sea. 

 (Hook.) 



Allied Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. PL i foot. 



104 R. VILLA'RSII (D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 890.) leaves 

 pubescent, radical ones almost orbicular, 3-parted, with trifid 

 toothed acute segments ; cauline leaves sessile, 3-5-parted into 

 linear entire lobes ; stem ] -flowered, pubescent at the top ; calyx 

 spreading, villous. 2. H. Native of the Alps of Savoy, Dau- 

 phiny, and Provence, in rugged meadows. R. Breynianus, 

 Crantz. austr. 2. p. 91. t. 4. f. 2. R. Lapponicus, Vill. dauph. 4. 

 p. 743. but not of Lin. R. montanus, var. d, Bir. ren. p. 39. 

 R. Gouani, Smith in Rees' cyclop, no. 41. R. oreophilus, Bieb. 

 suppl. 383. A doubtful species between R. montanus, R. dcris, 

 and R. Gouani, but differs from the first in the calyx being vil- 

 lous, not almost smooth, and in the lobes of the radical leaves 

 being more toothed and acute, as well as in the trunk of root 

 being oblique and blackish, from the second in the stem being 

 1 -flowered, not many-flowered, as well as in the structure of its 

 roots. 



Pillar's Crowfoot. FL May, July. Clt. 1819. PL J to | ft. 



105 R. INSULA' RIS (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linnaea, 

 1. p. 502.) plant hairy ; root fascicled-tuberous; radical leaves 

 3-parted; segments bifid and trifid ; stem leaves trifid, on stem- 

 clasping petioles ; calyx spreading ; sepals ovate acute, clothed 

 with close-pressed hairs. 2f.. H. Native of Corsica. 



Island Crowfoot. PI. i to foot. 



106 R. UNCINA'TUS (D. Don. in herb. Lamb.) stem erect; 

 radical leaves ? cauline ones on long stalks, 3-parted ; segments 

 3-lobed ; lobes toothed or lobed, acute ; floral leaves ternate ; 

 leaflets linear-lanceolate, acute, quite entire ; peduncles slender, 

 1 -flowered, terminal, and lateral ; carpels few, ending in hooked 

 points; heads globose. If. H. Native of Mexico. Flowers 

 small, yellow. Root fibrous. Plant smooth. 



Hooked-carpelled Crowfoot. PL 1 foot. 



107 R. GOUA'NI (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1322.) radical leaves or- 

 bicular, divided into 5-deeply toothed lobes, cauline ones sessile, 

 palmately-parted into toothed lobes ; calyx somewhat villous. 

 7f. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Alps of Daupluny, Hungary, 

 in meadows. R. Pyrenasus, Goua. ill. 33. f. 1 and 2. not of 

 Lin. R. furcatus, Berg. fl. Bass. pyr. 2. p. 406. R. montanus, 

 var. g, Bir. ren. 40. A very distinct species from R. montanus, 

 in its larger habit and more ample flowers. Its stature is very 

 variable ; for instance, when growing on the tops of the higher 

 Pyrenees it does not exceed 3 inches in height, but in lower 

 moist situations it will grow to the height of 2 feet. Stem 1 or 

 many-flowered. Flowers sometimes rather umbellate on short 

 pedicels, sometimes on long pedicels. Floral leaves sometimes 

 alternate and distant, but usually in the approximating mode of 

 an involucre under the flower. 



Gouan's Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. PL J to 2 ft. 



108 R. A'CRIS (Lin. spec. 779.) leaves pubescent or somewhat 

 smooth, 3-5-parted ; segments trifid, jagged, those of the upper- 

 most leaves linear and entire ; stem erect, many-flowered, cover- 

 ed with pressed hairs ; peduncles round and even ; calyx rather 

 villous ; carpels somewhat orbicular, compressed, with short re- 

 curved points. If. . H. Native throughout Europe ; Siberia, 

 Tauria, North America, in meadows and pastures, very common 

 even on the loftiest mountains. Smith, eng. bot. t. 652. Curt, 

 lond. fasc. 1. t. 39. Mart. rust. t. 30. Woods' suppl. t. 246. 

 Bull. fr. t. 109. R. Siculus Presl. R. napellifolius, var. Crantz. 

 austr. 2. p. 90. t. 4. f. 1. Root somewhat tuberous; lower 

 leaves sometimes blotched, with black in the middle. Calyx 



F 2 



