11 



RANUNCULACE^E. XVIII. CALTHA. XIX. TROLLIUS. 



two or three flowers on each stem. C. Ficaroides, Don, in Hed. 

 stat. Forf. appendix. 



Common Marsh Marigold. Fl. March, April. /3. in May. 

 Britain. PI. a, 1 foot, y, \ foot. 



5 C. RIPA'RIA ; leaves broad-kidney-shaped sharply crenate- 

 toothed ; auricles or lobes rounded, distant, coarsely-toothed ; 

 stem erect, many-flowered. "%.. H. W. Native of Britain in 

 several places, particularly on the banks of the river Thames 

 in marshes. Plant large, pale green. This plant appears 

 to be the type of the Double-flowered Caltha, cultivated in 

 gardens. 



River Marsh Marigold. Fl. Ap. May. Britain. PL 1 foot. 



6 C. RADIANS (Forst. in trans. Lin. soc. 8. p. 321. t. 17.) 

 stem creeping ; leaves triangular, somewhat cordate, sharply 

 crenate. %. H. Native of Scotland by the sides of lakes and 

 rivulets, near Forfar; about the Pentland hills and in Roslin 

 woods ; more common in some spots near Edinburgh than C. 

 palustris; in marshes near Collace, Perthshire. Smith, engl. 

 bot. 2175. 



Rooting Marsh Marigold. Fl. May, Ju. Scotland. PI. foot. 



7 C. HIMALE'NSIS (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 195.) stem as- 

 cending, dichotomous ; branches 2-flowered ; leaves sagittate- 

 cordate, on long stalks, crenate, with a wide recess at the base ; 

 lobes toothed, somewhat truncate ; sepals 6, ovate. % . H. W. 

 Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan in overflowed places. C. 

 Emoddrum, Spreng. syst. app. p. 220. Flowers deep yellow. 

 Capsules elliptical, smooth, each with a long beak. 



Himmalch Marsh Marigold. Fl. Aug. PI. \ foot. 



8 C. INTEGE'RRIMA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 390.) stem 

 erect, corymbose ; leaves orbicular, cordate, quite entire, floral 

 ones sessile, kidney- shaped, obsoletely crenate at the base ; sepals 

 oval. If. . H. W. Native of North America in wet meadows 

 and small rivulets, from New England to Virginia. Flowers 

 smaller than those of C. palustris ; sepals subobovate, very 

 blunt. 



7ery-enlire-\ea\ed Marsh Marigold. Fl. May, July. PL 1 ft. 



9 C. ASARIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 1 . p. 309.) stem rather erect, 

 1 -flowered ; leaves cordate, kidney-shaped, crenate, with a broad 

 recess; sepals G or 7, oval. 1. H. W. Native of the island of 

 Unalaschka and the Aleutian isles. Radical leaves stalked. 

 Very like C. palustris, but smaller. 



Asarabacca-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1824. 

 PI. J foot. 



10 C. PARNASSIFO'LIA (Raf. new york. med. rep. 2. p. 351. 

 no. 28. and in journ. bot. 1808. 1. p. 229.) stem only bearing 

 one flower and one leaf; radical leaves stalked, lanceolate, cor- 

 date, very blunt, many-nerved; sepals elliptical. If.. H. W. 

 Native of North America in shady cedar swamps of New Jersey 

 and Carolina. R. ficarioides, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 389. 

 Ranunculus Ficaria, Walt. fl. car. 159. Flowers deep yellow, 

 about the size of those of Ficaria. 



Parnassia-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. 

 PI. \ to 4 foot. 



11 C. LEPTOSTA'CHYA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 310. Hook. fl. bor. 

 amer. p. 22. 1. 10.) stem bearing one leaf and 1-2-flowers ; radi- 

 cal leaves stalked, ovate, cordate, crenate, many-nerved ; sepals 

 10, linear or oblong. If. . H. W. Native of the western coast 

 of North America, at a place called Prince William's Sound, and 

 in alpine swamps on the Rocky Mountains. Capsules 8 or 10, 

 on very short stipes, pointed. 



Slender-spiked Marsh Marigold. PI. 1 foot. 



12 C. BIFLO'RA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 310.) stem bearing only one 

 leaf and 2-flowers ; radical leaves stalked, kidney-shaped, cre- 

 nate, with a very broad recess ; sepals oblong. TJ. . H. W. 

 Native on the western coast of North America on Banks's 

 Islands. Petioles dilated at the base into a membranous sheath. 



Two-flomered Marsh Marigold. PI. foot. 



13 C. FLABELLIFO'LIA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 390. t. 17.) 

 stem procumbent, many-flowered ; leaves dilated, kidney-shaped, 

 with very spreading sharply-toothed lobes ; sepals obovate ; cap- 

 sules terminated by hooked points. If. , H. W. Native of Penn- 

 sylvania in a large sand spring on Pokono-mountain. Flowers 

 middle sized. Allied on one side to C. natans, and on the other 

 to C. radicans. 



Fan-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. PL 

 procumbent. 



14 C. ARCTICA (Br. Br. in app. to capt. Parry's voy. p. 265.) 

 stem creeping ; leaves kidney-shaped, repand-crenate, obtuse ; 

 capsules 12-16, imbricate, with recurved beaks ; anthers linear, 

 20 or more. If. . H. M. Native of Melville Island and along 

 the coast of the Arctic Sea, from long. 107 to 150. Flowers 

 white. 



Arctic Marsh Marigold. PL -j foot. 



15 C. NA'TANS (Pall. itin. ed. min. 3. p. 248.) stem floating ; 

 leaves cordate, kidney-shaped, with the lobes rather approximate, 

 obsoletely crenate behind, and toothed in front ; sepals oval ; 

 capsules terminated by straight beaks. If. . H. W. Native in 

 the most eastern parts of Siberia, and about the town of Irkousk, 

 floating in stagnant water; North America on the surface of 

 deep spagnous bogs in the woody central districts, from Canada 

 to lat. 60. Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 192. t. 82. Flowers white, 

 with a tinge of red. C. Baikalensis Demidow. 



Floating Marsh Marigold. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PL 

 floating. 



Cult. Being all natives of marshes, or shallow water, they 

 must be kept in a moist situation. C. natans requires to be 

 planted in a pond or water cistern. All are easily increased by 

 dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. 



XIX. TRO'LLIUS (a name given to this plant by Conrad 

 Gesner. It is derived from trol or trolen, an old German word 

 signifying something round, in allusion to the form of the flowers, 

 whence also the English name Globe Flower.) Lin. gen. no. 

 700. D. C. syst. 1. p. 311. prod. 1. p. 45. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria Polygynia. Calyx of 5-1 0-1 5 deciduous, 

 petal-like coloured sepals. Petals 5 to 20, small, linear, flattened, 

 unilabiate. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Capsules numerous, 

 sessile, columnar, many-seeded. Smooth, perennial, upright, 

 slightly acrid herbs. Leaves deeply divided and cut. Referable 

 to Ranunculus and ChrysdnUiemum in habit, but in character to 

 Helleborus. 



1 T. EUROP;E V US (Lin. spec. 782.) sepals about 15, converging 

 into a globe; petals from 5-10, length of stamens; leaves 

 divided into many deep, pinnatifid, cut lobes. I/ . H. Native 

 almost throughout the whole of Europe in shady mountain, 

 rather moist situations. Not rare in Westmoreland, Cumber- 

 land, Durham, Wales, and the Lowlands of Scotland. Smith, 

 engl. bot. t. 28. Fl. dan. 133. Lois. herb. amat. t. 69. T. altis- 

 simus, Wend. flor. 1818. p. 578. Flowers bright yellow, rather 

 pale. The country people of Westmoreland, Scotland, and 

 Sweden consider this as a sort of festival flower, going in parties 

 to gather it for the decoration of their doors and apartments, as 

 well as their persons. 



Var. ft, humilis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 45.) plant smaller, only 

 bearing one flower on each stem ; flower hardly raised above the 

 leaf. T. humilis, Crantz. austr. 2. p. 124. exclusive of synon. 

 of Buxb. T. minimus, Wendl. 1. c. p. 579. If.. H. Native of 

 Austria. 



European Globe Flower. Fl. May, Ju. Britain. PL l\ to 2 ft. 



2 T. LEDEBOU RII (Rchb. icon. t. 272. ex. Spreng. syst. app. 

 p. 220.) sepals 5-spreading ; petals 10-12, linear, longer than 

 the stamens. If.. H. Native of Siberia. 



