RANUNCULACEJE. XX. ERANTHUS. XXI. HELLEBORUS. 



Ledebour's Globe Flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1829. PI. 2 ft. 



3 T. EMARGINA'TUS ; sepals numerous, converging into a 

 globe ; petals linear, emarginate, almost twice as long as the 

 stamens. I/. H. Native of? common in gardens. Flower 

 orange. 



Emarginate-petaHed Globe Flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? 

 PI. H to 2 feet. 



' 4 T. NAPELLIFO'LIUS (Roep. in flor. 1820. p. 105.) sepals 12, 

 converging into a globe ; petals from 5 to 10, length of stamens ; 

 styles recurved; leaves usually 7-parted. If.. H. Native of ? 

 T. Hindus, Wend, in flor. 1818. p. 579. Stems and branches 

 straight or stems spreading, with recurved branches. Flowers 

 golden-yellow. 



Napellus-leaved Globe Flower. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. ? PI. 2 ft. 



5 T. ASIA'TICUS (Lin. spec. 782. exclusive of the synonyms 

 of Buxb. and Tourn.) sepals 10, spreading; petals 10, longer 

 than the stamens. If.. H. Native of Siberia in woods and 

 meadows. About Barnaoul, and perhaps about Petersburg!!. 

 Curt. bot. mag. t. 225. Very like T. Europeans, but the stems 

 are usually 1 -flowered. Flowers dark yellow. 



Asiatic Globe Flower. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 to lift. 



6 T. CAUCA'SICUS (Stev. in mem. nat. mosc. 3. p. 265.) sepals 

 1 0, spreading ; petals 1 0, shorter than the stamens. If. . H. Native 

 of the eastern parts of Caucasus on Alp. Schahdaghad. LikeN. 

 Asidticus, but the petals are shorter than the stamens. Flowers 

 yellow. 



Caucasian Globe Flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. PL 1 ft. 



7 T. PA'TULUS (Sal. trans. Lin. soc. 8. p. 303.) sepals 5, 

 spreading ; petals from 1 to 5, equal in length with the stamens. 

 "If. . H. Flowers golden-yellow. 



Var. a, pedunculatus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 46.) flower elevated 

 considerably above the upper leaf. If. . H. Native of Siberia. 



Var. ft, subinvolucralus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 313.) flower not 

 elevated above the upper leaf. If, . H. Native of Cappadocia 

 on the highest mountains in places moistened by the melting of 

 the snow. Helleborus ranuncullnus, Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 37. 

 t. 37. Buxb. Cent. 1. p. 15. t. 22. Plant hardly the length of a 

 ringer. 



Spreading-fiov/ered Globe Flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800. 

 PI. a 1,/Hfoot. 



8 T. AMERICA V NUS (Muhl. and Gaissenh. in Bonn. cat. hort. 

 cant.) sepals from 5-10-15, spreading; petals from 5 to 20, 

 retuse, shorter than the stamens. "J/. H. Native of Pennsyl- 

 vania and New York, in shady wet places on the mountains, and 

 in alpine rivulets on the eastern declivities of the Rocky Moun- 

 tains. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 56. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1988. T. laxus, 

 Sal. in Lin. trans. 8. p. 303. Gaissenia verna, Raf. schm. in 

 journ. bot. 1808. vol. 2. p. 168. Flowers pale yellow, smaller 

 than those of the other species. Drummond affirms they' are 

 white in the plant he discovered on the Rocky Mountains. 



American Globe Flower. Fl.May.Jul. Clt. 1805. PL | to | ft. 



9 T. PU'MILUS (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 1 95.) sepals roundish- 

 oval ; petals 12, linear-lingulate, blunt, one-half shorter than the 

 stamens; radical leaves 5-parted and jagged ; stem 1 -flowered. 

 % . H. Native of Nipaul at Gasaingsthan. Stem almost naked, 

 erect, smooth ; segments of leaves pinnatifid, with the lobes lan- 

 ceolate, entire, or acutely 3-toothed. Flowers large, orange- 

 coloured. 



Dwarf Globe Flower. Fl. Aug. PL ! to foot. 



Cult. Shewy border flowers. They will do well in any 

 common garden soil, and are easily increased by dividing the 

 plants at the root or by seeds. A shady moist situation suits 

 them best. 



XX. ERANTHUS (from cpa, era, the earth, and ai/$oc, 

 nnthos, a flower ; because the bright yellow blossoms seem to lie 



FIG. 11. 



upon the earth.) Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 1807. vol. 8. p. 303. 

 D. C. syst. 1. p. 314. prod. 1. p. 46. Kollea Bir. Robertia 

 Merat. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Involucrum situated un- 

 der the flower (f. 11. a.) cleft into many segments. Flower ses- 

 sile (f. 11. 6.) Calyx of from 5 to 8, coloured petal-like, ob- 

 long, deciduous sepals (f. 11. 6.) Petals from 6 to 8, tubular, 

 very short, with an unequally two-lipped mouth (f. 11. e. ) 

 Stamens from 20 to 30. Ovaries 5-6. Capsules on pedicels (f. 11. 

 c.) Seeds globose, disposed in a single row. Pretty little tu- 

 berous rooted plants, with divided leaves, valuable for the early 

 period at which they flower. 



The English name of the genus, Winter Aconite, is given to it 

 from its time of flowering, and from the leaves resembling those 

 of Aconite. 



1 E. HYEM/Lis(Sal. in Lin. soc. 

 trans. 8. p. 303.) sepals from 6 to 

 8, oblong. If.. H. Native of 

 France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, 

 in humid shady places, at the bot- 

 toms of mountains, on hills, and in 

 groves. Helleborus hyemalis, Lin. 

 spec. 783. Jacq. aust. t. 202. Curt, 

 bot. mag. t. 3. Helleborus monan- 

 thus. Moench. Flowers yellow, 

 (f. 11.) 



Winter Aconite. Fl. Jan. Mar. 

 Clt. 1596. PL | foot. 



2 E. SIBI'RICUS (B.C. syst. 1. 

 p. 315.) sepals 5, oval. TJ.. H. 

 Native of the eastern parts of Sibe- 

 ria, in moist places. Habit of E. 



hyemalis. Seeds globose, rather compressed. Flowers yellow. 



Siberian Winter Aconite. Fl. Mar. Ap. Clt. 1826. Pl.^ft. 



Cult. Winter Aconite is a well-known flower. Being a low- 

 growing plant, it is well adapted for the front of flower borders, 

 where it will thrive in common garden soil ; and it is increased 

 rapidly by offsets from the tubers. 



XXI. HELLE'BORUS (from i\uv, helein, to cause death, 

 and flopa, bora, food ; poisonous qualities of plants). Adans. 

 fam. 458. Lin. gen. no. 702. Lam. ill. 499. D. C. syst. 1. 

 p. 315. prod. 1. p. 46. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Calyx permanent of 5 

 roundish, obtuse, large sepals, which are generally green. Petals 

 from 8-10, very short, tubular, narrowest in the lower part, 

 nectariferous. Stamens from 30 to 60. Ovaries from 3-10; 

 stigmas terminal, orbicular. Capsules coriaceous. Seeds oval, 

 disposed in two rows, on a linear double notched receptacle. 

 Fetid, stiff, coriaceous, nearly smooth herbs with divided leaves, 

 of dangerously cathartic qualities, especially the roots. 



^ 1 . Scapes leafless bearing 1 or 2 flowers. 



1 H. NIGER (Lin. spec. 783.) radical leaves pedate, quite 

 smooth ; scape leafless, bearing 1 or 2 flowers and bracteas. I/ . H. 

 Native of woody mountains in many parts of Europe, particularly 

 in Provence, Piedmont, Austria, Styria, Greece, &c. Jacq. aust. 

 t. 201. Curt. bot. mag. t. 8. Woodw. med. bot. 1. p. 50. t. 18. 

 Flower large, with a white or rose-coloured corolla-like calyx. 

 The fibres of the root only are used in medicine. They are of a deep 

 brown on the outside, white or yellowish-white within, and of a nau- 

 seous and bitterish taste, exciting a sense of heat and numbness in 

 the tongue, and of a nauseous smell. Neuman got from 2880 grains 

 380 alcoholic and 181 watery extract ; and inversely 362 watery 

 and 181 alcoholic. Its active constituent seems to be of a vola- 

 tile nature, for it loses its virtues by keeping. In large doses 





