RANUNCULACE^E. XXVII. AQUILEGIA. 



49 



flowers involucrate ; sepals erect, connivent. If. . H. Native ? 

 Flowers small, white. 



Strained Fennel Flower. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1793. PI. % foot. 



Cult. Plants of easy culture, only requiring to be sown in 

 the open border. They are curious and ornamental. 



XXVII. AQUILE'GIA (aquila, an eagle, because of the form 

 of each petal, separated with two sepals attached to it. Colum- 

 bine, its English name, from columbus, a pigeon, from the same 

 cause.) Tourn. inst. t. 242. Lin. gen. no. 275. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Pentagynia. Calyx of 5-coloured 

 petal-like deciduous sepals. Petals 5, gaping above, 2-lipped, 

 outer lip large, flat ; inner lip very small, each petal drawn out 

 into a hollow spur, which is callous at the apex, and protruding 

 between the sepals. Capsules 5, erect, many-seeded, pointed with 

 the styles. Erect perennial herbs, with fibrous roots. Radical 

 leaves on long stalks twice or thrice ternate, with trifid-toothed, 

 usually blunt segments ; upper ones divided into linear lobes. 

 Flowers white, blue, rose, or purple rarely dirty yellow. Qualities 

 hardly acrid, bitterish, somewhat astringent and tonic. Seeds 

 acrid. 



1 A. VULGA'RIS (Lin. spec. 752.) spurs incurved ; capsules 

 villous ; stem leafy, many-flowered, and is as well as the leaves 

 smoothish ; styles not exceeding the stamens in length. If. . H. 

 Native of most parts of Europe, as well as of Japan ; in meadows, 

 pastures, and thickets. Smith, engl. bot. t. 295. Fl. dan. t. 695. 

 Flowers either single or double, blue, white, rose-coloured, pur- 

 ple or variegated, or spotted with the same colours. 



Var. ft, alpina (Huds. angl. 235.) stem usually 1-flowered; 

 spurs less curved than in var. a. If. . H. Native of England at 

 Matlock, Bath. 



Var. * corniculata (D. C. syst. 1. p. 334.) flower double ; 

 petals spurred ; spur drawn out downwards. If. . H. Clus. hist. 

 2. p. 204. f. 1. 



* inversa (D. C. syst. 1. p. 334.) flower double; petals 

 horned : horn inverted. If. . H. Clus. hist. 2. p. 204. f. 2. 



***stellata (D. C. syst. 1. p. 335.) flower double ; petals 

 flat, spurless, coloured. If. . H. iClus. hist. 2. p. 205. f. 1. 



* * * * degener (D. C. syst. 1. p. 335.) flower double ; petals 

 and sepals flat, spurless, green. 1/.H. Clus. hist. 2. p. 205. f. 

 2. Barrl. icon. t. 608. 



The whole plant has been recommended to be used medicinally, 

 but it belongs to a suspicious natural order, and Linnaeus affirms 

 that children have lost their lives by an over-dose of it. The 

 virtues ascribed to a tincture of the flowers as an antiphlogistic, 

 and for strengthening the gums and deterging scorbutic ulcers in 

 the mouth, appear to be better founded ; the tincture being made 

 with an addition of the vitriolic acid, and differing but little from 

 our officinal tincture of roses. 



Common Columbine. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 



2 A. CJERU'LEA (Torrey. ann. lye. nat. hist, new york, vol. 2. 

 p. 161.) spurs straight, almost twice the length of the limb of 

 the petals ; styles and stamens shorter than the corolla ; stipulas 

 acute ; segments of leaves deeply lobed. "if. . H. Native of 

 North America on the Rocky Mountains. Flowers blue. 



Blue Columbine. PI. 1 foot? 



3 A. BREVISTY'LA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 24.) plant rather 

 pubescent ; spurs incurved, shorter than the limb ; styles short, 

 inclosed ; stamens rather shorter than the corolla. l/.H. Native 

 of North America in the western parts of Canada, and as far 

 north as Bear Lake. A. vulgaris ? Richards, in Frankl. 1st. 

 journ. ed. 2. app. p. 21. Stem and leaves as in A. vulgaris, but 

 the flowers are one-half smaller, blue. 



Short-styled Columbine. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



4 A. VISCOSA (Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 267. illustr. 33. t. 19.) 

 spurs incurved ; capsules villous ; stem bearing one, two, or three 



VOL. i. PART i. 



flowers, almost naked, and is as well as the leaves clothed with 

 clammy pubescence ; styles not exceeding the stamens in length. 

 If. . H. Native of Spain, Portugal, south of France, Piedmont, 

 Naples, &c. in rugged mountainous places, exposed to the sun. 

 Lachen. act. helv. 8. p. 146. t. 5. Scarcely distinct from A. 

 vulgaris, unless by being clothed with clammy pubescence, and 

 the flowers being larger, purple. 



Clammy Columbine. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. PI. l foot. 



5 A. GLANDULOSA (Fisch. ined. Link. enum. 2. p. 84.) spur 

 incurved ; one-half shorter than the limb ; upper part of the herb 

 as well as capsules clothed with glandular hairs. If . H. Native 

 of the Altaian mountains. A. speciosa, D. C. syst. 1. p. 336. 



Var. a, discolor (D. C. prod, 1. p. 50.) petals white; sepals 

 blue. 



Var. ft, concolor (D. C. prod. 1. p. 50.) petals, as well as 

 sepals, blueish-violet. 



Glandular Columbine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. PI. 2 feet. 



6 A. SIBIRICA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 150.) spur incurved ; capsules 

 very smooth ; stem 1 or 2-flowered, almost naked, smooth : 

 sepals very blunt. If. . H. Native of Dauria in woods. A. 

 vulgaris Dahurica, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1246. Deless. icon. sel. 1. 

 t. 47. Flowers with blue sepals and white petals. 



Siberian Columbine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806. PI. 1 foot. 



7 A. ALP!NA (Lin. spec. 752.) spurs straight, but somewhat 

 incurved at the apex, one-half shorter than the petals ; stem 

 leafy, 2 or 3-flowered ; segments of leaves deeply divided into 

 linear lobes. If. H. Native on the Alps of Piedmont and 

 Switzerland in shady humid places. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 48. 

 Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t. 218. A. alpina, var. a, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 

 912. Flowers large, blue. The most shewy of all the species. 



Var. ft, grand/flora (D. C. syst. 1. p. 337.) sepals oval ; spur 

 length of limb. If. . H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian Alps. 

 A. grandiflora, Patr. ined. Perhaps A. glandulosa concolor ? 



Alpine Columbine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 foot. 



8 A. PYRENA'ICA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 912. syst. 1. p. 337.) 

 spurs straight, hardly shorter than the limb ; stem almost 

 naked, 1-flowered ; segments of leaves deeply divided into linear 

 lobes. If. . H. Native of the Pyrenees and Apennines on the 

 higher pastures and on rocks. A. viscosa, Trev. delph. p. 23. t. 

 2. A. alpina, var. ft. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 912. Flowers middle sized, 

 blue. Like A. alpina, but smaller in all its parts. 



Pyrenean Columbine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot. 



9 A. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 752.) spurs straight, longer than 

 the limb ; styles and stamens protruding ; sepals acutish, a little 

 longer than the petals ; segments of leaves 3-parted, bluntish, 

 and deeply toothed at the apex. If. . H. Native of North Ame- 

 rica, from Canada to Carolina, in the crevices of rocks. Abun- 

 dant at the mouth of the Columbia river, especially about Fort 

 Vancouver. Curt. bot. mag. 246. Schkuhr. handb.no. 1434. 

 t. 146. Lois. herb. amat. t. 305. Mill. icon. t. 47. Flowers 

 scarlet, mixed with yellow. 



Var. ft, hybrida (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 24.) spurs a little in- 

 curved at the apex ; stamens shorter than in var. a ; flowers for 

 the most part purple. If. . H. Native of North America among 

 the Rocky Mountains. 



Canadian Columbine. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1640. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 



10 A. FORMOSA (Fisch. in litt. with a figure B.C. prod. 1. p. 

 50.) spurs straight, much longer than the petals and stamens, 

 which are very short ; styles not protruding ; sepals lanceolate, 

 much longer than the petals. 11 . H. Native of Kamtschatka. 

 Like A. Canadensis in habit, as well as in colour and form of 

 the flowers. 



Beautiful Columbine. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 to lift. 



11 A. VIRIDIFLORA (Pall. act. petrop. 1779. p. 262. t. 11.) 

 spurs straight, longer than the petals ; stamens equal in length 

 with the petals ; styles protruding ; sepals oval-oblong, shorter 



H 



