68 



DILLENIACE^E. I. TETRACERA. 



ORDER II. DILLENIA'CE^E. (plants agreeing with Dille- 

 nia in many important characters.) D. C. ann. mus. 17. p. 400. 

 syst. 1. p. 395. prod. 1. p. 67. 



Parts of flower imbricate in the bud. Calyx of 4 or 5 perma- 

 nent sepals (f. 15. a. f. 16. a.) but in Empedoclea numerous. Petals 

 4-5, permanent (f. 1 9. a.) or deciduous (f. 16. a.) alternating with the 

 sepals. Stamens indefinite, free, (f. 1 7. a. f. 1 9. 6.) or polydelphous. 

 Anthers adnate, bursting inwards or laterally (f. 1 7. e.). Carpels 

 1-celled, numerous, usually from 2 (f. 16. d.) to 5 (f. 15. a.) but 

 sometimes solitary from abortion, capsular, baccate (f. 19. c.), 

 or 2-valved (f. 15. e.), free (f. 15. a.), or connected into one fruit 

 (f. 19. c.). Seeds attached to the inner angle of the cells of the 

 carpels, usually in 2 rows, numerous or few, sometimes solitary 

 from abortion (f. 15. e. f. 16. e.). Embryo small, placed in the 

 base of a cartilaginous albumen. Elegant evergreen trees, shrubs, 

 or climbing shrubs, with alternate simple, feather-nerved, entire 

 (f. 17.), or toothed (f. 19.) leaves. Flowers solitary (f. 16, 18, 

 19.), racemose (f. 17.) or panicled (f. 15.), terminal or lateral, 

 usually yellow, emulating those of Cistus. This order differs 

 from Ranunculacece in the sepals being permanent, as well as in 

 the anthers never bursting outwards, and from Magnoliacece and 

 Anonaceae in the parts of the flowers being disposed in a qui- 

 nary order, not often ternary as in these orders. 



The medical properties of this order are hardly known ; a 

 decoction of their leaves or bark is astringent, but it is neither 

 bitter nor aromatic, and is used for gargles, and the acid juice of 

 the fruit of some species of Dillenia is used in India, mixed with 

 water, as a pleasant beverage in fevers. The foliage of many 

 of the species being extremely scabrous, are used, when dried, 

 for the same purposes as fish-skin and sand-paper in Europe ; 

 those of Trachytella dspera are even employed in China for 

 polishing works of metals. 



The seeds of the plants belonging to this order, retain their 

 vegetative power but for a very short time, therefore the sooner 

 they are sown after their arrival the more likely they will be to 

 vegetate. Many of them will not retain their power of vege- 

 tating more than 6 weeks or 2 months after they have been col- 

 lected from the plant. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 



TRIBE I. 



DELIMA'CE*:. (D. C. syst. 1. p. 396. prod. 1. p. 67.) Filaments 

 of stamens dilated at the apex, bearing on both sides the separated 

 roundish cells of the anthers. 



1 TETRAD CERA. Flowers usually dioecious or polygamous; 

 male flowers with an indefinite number of stamens ; female ones 

 with 1-5 capsular 1 -seeded carpels, which are girded by 4 or 6 

 imbricate sepals (f. 15. a. d.}. Petals 3-6 (f. 15. 6.). 



2 DAVI'LLA. Stamens indefinite. Carpel 1-3, capsular, inde- 

 hiscent, testaceous, 1-2-seeded, inclosed within the two inner 

 sepals which are concave, and joined together in the form of 

 valves, the three outer ones are small. Petals 2-3. 



3 EMPEDO'CLEA. Stamens indefinite. Carpel 1 , oblong, py- 

 ramidal, 6-seeded, baccate ? trigonal, with one of the angles 

 bearded. Sepals numerous, imbricate. Petals 3. 



4 DOLIOCA'RPUS. Stamens indefinite. Carpel baccate, 1-2- 

 seeded. Sepals 5, concave, unequal. Petals 3-5. 



5 DELI^ MA. Stamens indefinite. Carpel 1, capsular, 1-2- 

 seeded. Sepals 5. Petals 4-5. 



6 CURATE'LLA. Stamens numerous. Carpels 2, capsular, 

 1-2-seeded. Sepals and petals 4-5. 



7 TRACHYTE'LLA. Stamens indefinite. Carpels 1-2, baccate, 

 many-seeded. Sepals and petals 4-5. 



8 RE'CCHIA. Stamens 10. Ovaries 2. Sepals and petals 5. 



TRIBE II. 



DILLE'NE*. (D. C. syst. 1. p. 397. prod. 1. p. 70.) Filaments 

 of stamens not dilated at the apex (f. 16. c. f. 17. a.) bearing on 

 both sides the elongated oblong cells of the anthers (f. 17. e.). 



9 PACHYNE'MA. Stamens 7, 10, free. Filaments broad, and 

 thick at the base (f. 16. &.). Ovaries 2 (f. 16. d.~) or 3 ; styles 

 awl-shaped (f. 16. rf.). Sepals and petals 5 (f. 16. a.), but the 

 petals soon fall off. 



10 HEMISTE'MMA. Stamens indefinite, all leaning to one side 

 (f. 17. a.), outer ones sterile, of the form of scales. Ovaries 2 

 (f. 17. &.), styles filiform. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 17. d.). 



1 1 PLEURA'NDRA. Stamens 5-20, all leaning to one side and 

 fertile (f. 18. e.). Ovaries 2 (f. 18. c.) ; styles filiform. Sepals 

 and petals 5 (f. 18. a.). 



12 CANDO'LLEA. Stamens indefinite, collected into many 

 bundles. Ovaries 2-5 ; styles filiform. Sepals and petals 5. 



13 ADRASTJE'A. Stamens 10, free, equal; filaments flat, 

 bearing the oblong cells of the anthers on the margin. Ovaries 

 2 ; styles conical-awl-shaped. Sepals and petals 5. 



14 HIBBE'RTIA. Stamens indefinite, free, filiform, equal ; an- 

 thers, oval-oblong. Ovaries from 1-15 ; styles filiform, in- 

 flexed. Sepals and petals 5. 



15 WO'RMIA. Stamens indefinite, free, filiform, equal. Ova- 

 ries 5, distinct; styles filiform; stigmas emarginate. Sepals 

 and petals 5. 



16 COLBE'RTIA. Stamens indefinite, 10-50 of which are much 

 longer than the rest. Ovaries 4-12, joined together into one bac- 

 cate fruct, crowned by the diverging styles. Sepals and petals 5. 



17 CAPE'LLIA. Stamens indefinite, the inner ones much longer 

 than the rest in one row. Capsules membranous, connected 

 together into dry globose fruit. Sepals and petals 5. 



18 DILLE'NIA. Stamens indefinite, free, equal (f. 19.6.); 

 carpels 10-20, joined together into a spurious, many-celled, 

 baccate fruit (f. 19. c.), and crowned by the radiating stigmas 

 (f. 19. d.). Sepals and petals 5, both permanent (f. 19. a.). 



Tribe I. 



DELIMA'CE^E (plants agreeing with Delima in some cha- 

 racters). D. C. syst. 1. p. 397. prod. 1. p. 67. Filaments of 

 stamens dilated at the apex, bearing on both sides the roundish 

 separated cells of the anthers. Styles filiform (f. 15.d.), acute. 

 Carpels capsular (f. 15. a.), bladder-formed or baccate. Mostly 

 climbing shrubs, seldom trees, with terminal racemes or panicles 

 of flowers (f. 15.). 



1 TETRACERA (from rtrpae, tetras, four-fold, and /ctpac, 

 keras, a horn ; because of the four capsules, recurved like as 

 many horns. However, the genus has received an accession of 



