78 



MAGNOLIACE.E. I. ILLICIUM. 



either eaten in a crude state, or when ripe is used as a sauce with 

 fish. 



Elliptic-leaved Dillenia. Tree 30 feet. 



6 D. SERRA'TA (Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 1. p. 201.) leaves 

 elliptical-ovate, acute, serrated ; peduncles 3-flowered. Tj . S. 

 Native of Java and other parts of India. Sangius, Humph, amb. 

 2. p. 142. t. 46. Fruit eatable, the size and form of an orange, 

 of a sweetish-acid taste, either yellow, white, or reddish. 



Serrated-leaved Dillenia. Tree 30 feet. 



7 D. RETU'SA (Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 1. p. 200. t. 19.) 

 leaves obovate, truncate at the apex, remotely toothed, peduncles 

 1 -flowered. F? . S. Native of the woods of Ceylon. Lam. ill. 

 t. 492. f. 2. A tree with leaves two hands long and one broad. 

 Petals obovate, three times longer than the calyx. 



Retuse-leaved Dillenia. Tree 30 feet. 



Cult. Dillenia is a splendid Indian genus of trees. The 

 species thrive well in the collections of this country. A light 

 loamy soil suits them best, or a mixture of loam and peat. 

 Ripened cuttings not deprived of their leaves strike root freely, 

 in a pot of sand, under a hand-glass, plunged in heat. The 

 plants will not bear tobacco smoke, as it turns the leaves brown, 

 and consequently many of them will drop. The house in which 

 they are kept should never be allowed to get below 60 degrees of 

 Fahrenheit's thermometer, as this would also injure their leaves. 

 Sweet, bot. cul. p. 61 and 62. 



ORDER III. MAGNOLIA'CE^ (plants agreeing with Mag- 

 nolia in many important characters.) D. C. theor. pi. 213. syst. 

 1. p. 439. prod. 1. p. 77. Parts of flower imbricate in the bud. 

 Calyx of 3 (f. 22. a.) or 6 deciduous sepals. Petals 3-27 (f. 

 20, 21, 22. a.) disposed in a ternary order, in one or many 

 series. Stamens indefinite, free. Anthers adnate, elongated. Ova- 

 ries numerous (f. 21. 6. f. 22. &.), inserted in the torus above the 

 stamens, usually disposed in spikes, rarely connected at maturity, 

 1-celled, 1 or many seeded (f. 20. g. f. 21. c.), sometimes cap- 

 sular (f. 22. 6.), and opening either on the under or upper side, 

 sometimes fleshy (f. 21. 6.) indehiscent, sometimes samarae- 

 formed (f. 20._/.). Seeds adnate to the inner angle of the carpel 

 (f. 20. g.}. Embryo straight, small, inferior (f. 20. h.). Albu- 

 men fleshy. Elegant trees and shrubs, natives of Asia and Ame- 

 rica, with alternate feather-nerved leaves articulately inserted, 

 and involute when in the bud. Stipulas 2, deciduous, when 

 young convolute and terminating the branches in a conical acu- 

 men, resembling that of the fig-tree. Flowers beautiful, usually 

 with a delicious fragrance. This order differs from Dilleniaceae 

 in the parts of the flowers being disposed in a ternary order, not 

 quinary, and from Anonacetz in the albumen being continuous, 

 not pierced by the processes of the seed-coat, but it is more 

 easily distinguished from that order in the presence of stipulas. 

 The grandeur of the Magnolias is known to all lovers of plants, 

 as well as the delicious though dangerous fragrance of their 

 flowers, and very few of the other genera are inferior to them, but 

 it is less generally known, that from their affinity to the trees that 

 produce the famous Winter' s-bark and Melambo-bark, they pos- 

 sess qualities of no common power. The bark of all the plants 

 of this order is said to have a bitter flavour without any astrin- 

 gency, combined with a hot aromatic flavour. In the United 

 States the bark of the Magnolia glauca and Liriodendron tuli- 



pifera is employed for the same purposes as Jesuit's-bark, and 

 from the fruit of Magnolia acuminata a tincture is prepared which 

 has some reputation for removing attacks of rheumatism. The 

 fruit of Illicium anisatum, is the material which flavours the 

 liqueur called Anisette de Bourdeaux. The pericarps are usually 

 aromatic. The seeds are generally bitter, and retain their vege- 

 tative power a considerable time, therefore, in most instances 

 they may be imported in a living state from any part of the 

 world. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 

 TRIBE I. 



ILI.ICIE'JE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 77.) Carpels disposed in mhorles 

 (f. 20.) rarely solitary from abortion. Leaves full of pullucid 

 dots. 



1 ILLI'CIUM. Capsules stellately disposed, capsular, opening 

 above ; 1 -seeded ; seeds shining. Calyx of 3-6 petal-like sepals. 



2 TE'MUS. Carpels 2, baccate, joined together? Seeds aril- 

 late. Style 1. Calyx trifid. 



3 DRI'MYS. Carpels crowded, baccate, many-seeded (f. 20. 

 g.) Filaments of stamens thickest at the top, and bearing 

 separated cells (f. 20. d.) Calyx entire, or 2-3-parted. 



4 TASMA'NNIA. Carpel solitary, membranous, indehiscent, 

 many-seeded. Calyx 3-sepalled or 3-parted. 



TRIBE II. 



MAGNOLIE'* (D. C. prod. 1. p. 79.) Carpels spicately dis- 

 posed along the axis (f. 21. b. f. 22. 6.) Leaves destitute of pel- 

 lucid dots. 



5 MANGLIE'TIA. Carpels 2-valved, numerous, permanent, 

 many-seeded, disposed in a dense imbricated cone. Calyx spa- 

 thaceous, irregularly deciduous. 



6 MICHE'LIA. Carpels disposed in loose spikes (f. 21. 6.) 

 somewhat baccate, opening at the top, many-seeded, (f. 21. c.) 

 Calyx of 3-sepals. 



7 MAGNO'LIA. Carpels disposed in crowded spikes, opening 

 by the external angle, 1-2-seeded, permanent. Calyx of 3 sepals. 



8 TALA'UMA. Carpels disposed in spikes, 1-2-seeded, joined 

 together into a shobile-like fruit (f. 22. b.) opening valvately 

 and irregularly on the outside. Calyx of 3 sepals (f. 22. a.) 



9 AROMADE'NDRON. Carpels 1-2-seeded, joined into a ligneous 

 fruit. Calyx of one spathaceous leaf. 



10 LIRIODE'NDRON. Carpels disposed in spikes, 1-2-seeded, 

 indehiscent, deciduous, each drawn out into a wing. Calyx of 3 

 sepals. 



Tribe I. 



ILLICIE'Ji (plants agreeing in character with Illicium,') D. 

 C. prod. 1. p. 77. Carpels disposed in a whorl, very rarely 

 solitary from abortion. Leaves full of pellucid dots. 



I. TLLI'CIUM (from illicit), to allure ; on account of the 

 agreeable aromatic smell of the species.) Lin. gen. 611. Gaert. 

 fruct. 1. p. 339. t. 69. Juss. gen. 281. Lam. Ulust. t. 493. D. 

 C. syst. 1. p. 440. prod. 1. p. 77. 



LIN. SYST. Polydndri'a, Polygynia. Calyx of 3-6 petal-like 

 sepals. Carpels stellately disposed, capsular, opening on the 

 upper side, 1 -seeded. Seeds shining. Evergreen smooth shrubs, 



