MAGNOLIACE^E. VIII. MAGNOLIA. 



83 



draught of the liquor every morning. The wood is made use of 

 for joiners' planes. Dillenius remarks that the flower never 

 opens in the morning, that the calyx falls off at the second open- 

 ing of the flower, but that the petals dry on, and that the scent re- 

 sembles that of the Lily of the Valley, with a mixture of aromatic. 

 G/a!<cott*-leaved or Deciduous Swamp Magnolia. Fl. May, 

 June. Clt. 1688. Tree 15 or 20 feet. 



3 M. LONGIFO'LIA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 11.) evergreen ; leaves 

 elliptical, acute at both ends, under surface glaucous : flowers 

 9-12-petalled, contracted; petals ovate, concave. M. glauca ft, 

 longifolia, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 251, Pursh. fl. amer. 

 sept. 2. p. 381. Tj . H. Native of Florida and Georgia. Flowers 

 white, and sweet-scented. This is a very handsome tree. 



Long-leaved or Evergreen Swamp Magnolia. May, June. 

 Tree about 30 feet. 



4 M. UMBRE'LLA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 673.) deciduous ; leaves 

 lanceolate, spreading, adult ones smooth, younger ones pubescent 

 underneath ; petals 9-12, exterior ones pendent. Tj . H. Na- 

 tive of North America on wooded mountains from New York to 

 Carolina and Georgia, as well as Virginia. M. tripetala, Lin. 

 spec. ed. 2. p. 756. Mich. f. arb. amer. 3. p. 90. t. 5. Pursh. 

 fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 381. M. frondosa, Sal. prod. 379. Leaves 

 from 1 to 2 feet long, placed at the ends of the branches in a cir- 

 cular manner, somewhat like an umbrella, whence its name 

 Umbrella Tree. It is called Elk-wood in the mountains of Vir- 

 ginia. The wood is soft and spongy. The flowers are 2 or 3 

 inches in diameter, white and sweet-scented but heavy. 



Umbrella Magnolia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. Tr. 35 ft. 



5 M. ACUMINA'TA (Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 756.) deciduous; leaves 

 oval, acuminate, under surface pubescent ; flowers 6-9-petalled. 

 \l . H. Native of North America from Pennsylvania to Caro- 

 lina in mountain valleys in a fertile soil. Mich. f. arb. amer. S. 

 p. 82. t. 3. Lodd. bot. cab. 418. Sims, bot. mag. 2427. Pursh. fl. 

 amer. sept. 2. p. 381. The flowers are yellowish, mixed with 

 faint blue, bluish, or pea-green, 3 or 4 inches in diameter, scarcely 

 scented, not remarkable for their beauty. The fruit is about 3 

 inches long, somewhat resembling a small cucumber, whence the 

 inhabitants of North America call it Cucumber tree, and is used 

 by them as a wholesome bitter. The wood is of a fine grain, 

 and orange-coloured. There is a tincture prepared from the fruit 

 of this tree which has some reputation for removing attacks of 

 rheumatism. 



Var. /3, Candollii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 80. 85.) leaves ovate, ob- 

 long, acute ; flowers greenish. M. de Candollii, Savi, bibl. ital. 

 1819. no. 47. p. 224. with a figure. 



Pointed-leaved Magnolia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1 736. Tree 

 30 to 60 feet. 



6 M. AURICULA' TA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 673.) deciduous; leaves 

 smooth, under surface somewhat glaucous, spatulately-obovate, 

 cordate at the base, with blunt, approximate auricles ; sepals 3, 

 spreading ; petals 9, oblong. 1? . H. Native of North Ame- 

 rica in the Alleghany Mountains from the head waters of the 

 Susquehanna to Carolina. M. auricul&ris, Sal. .par. lond. t. 43. 

 Sims, bot. mag. t. 1206. Mich. f. arb. amer. 3. p. 94. t. 7. 

 Andr. bot. rep. t. 573. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 382. M. 

 Fraseri, Watl. fl. carol. 159. icon. A tree from 40 to 50 feet 

 high, with spongy wood. The bark of this and the greater part 

 of the foregoing species, is esteemed a valuable medicine in 

 North America, particularly in intermittent fevers, from which 

 circumstance it is known in some places by the name of Indian 

 Physic. The flowers are erect, of a yellowish white colour, and 

 remarkably sweet-scented, 3 or 4 inches in diameter. The fruit 

 is rose-coloured. This tree will blossom when very young. 



.Eared-leaved Magnolia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1786. Tree 

 40 to 50 feet. 



7 M. FYRAMIDA'TA (Bartr. itin. ed. germ. 390.) deciduous; 

 1 



leaves smooth, the same colour on both surfaces, spatulate-obo- 

 vate, cordate at the base ; auricles spreading ; sepals 3, spread- 

 ing ; petals 9-lanceolate, pointed. I? . H. Native of the western 

 parts of Carolina and Georgia. Ker. bot. reg. 407. Very like 

 M. auriculata, but it grows in a more pyramidal form, as well as 

 differing as above, and the leaves are not above half the size. 

 Pyramidal Magnolia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1811. Tree 30 ft. 



8 M. MACROPHY'LLA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 327. f. arb. 

 amer. 3. p. 79. t. 7.) deciduous ; leaves very large, oblong-obo- 

 vate, somewhat panduriform, cordate at the base, under surface 

 whitish-glaucous ; petals 6-9, ovate. Tj . H. Native of North 

 America in moist, swampy, shady places, about Lincolton in 

 upper Carolina, and in the deep forests of Tennassee. Sims, 

 bot. mag. 2189. Bonpl. nav. t. 33. A beautiful tree, with 

 white smooth bark. The leaves are from 1 to 3 feet long, and 

 from 8 to 10 inches broad. The flowers are white and purple 

 at the base, sweet-scented, 8 or 1 inches in diameter. 



Long- leaved Magnolia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1800. Tree 35 ft. 



9 M. CORDA TA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 328. f. arb. amer. 3. 

 p. 87. t. 7.) deciduous ; leaves heart-shaped, somewhat ovate, 

 acute, under surface tomentose, upper surface smooth ; petals 

 6-9, oblong, fj. H. Native of North America along the 

 sunny banks of the river Savannah in Upper Georgia and Upper 

 Carolina. Ker. bot. reg. t. 325. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 474. A 

 tree with chinky bark. The leaves are from 4 to 6 inches long, 

 and from 3 to 5 broad. The flowers are erect and yellow lined 

 with purple, about 4 inches in diameter. 



Heart-leaved Magnolia. Fl. April, Jul. Tree 40 to 50 feet. 



SECT. II. GWILII'MIA (General Gwillim, sometime governor of 

 Madras). Rottler. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 455. prod. 1. p. 81. Asiatic 

 species, generally with two opposite spath-like bracteas inclosing 

 the flower-bud ; anthers bursting inwards ; ovaries somewhat 

 distant. Perhaps the species of this section with 1 bractea 

 should have been given among the Michelias ? It is, however, 

 evident that none of them are true Magnolias. 



10 M. EXCE'LSA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. t. 2.) leaves ob- 

 long-elliptical, acuminated, glaucous, and netted with veins 

 beneath ; buds bearded with rusty hairs ; flowers axillary, soli- 

 tary, 12-petalled ; carpels globose, remote, 1 -seeded, fj . G. 

 Native of Nipaul on Sheopore. A magnificent tree, bearing 

 large, white, sweet-scented flowers. The wood of this tree is 

 greatly prized by the inhabitants of Nipaul at Patma, where it is 

 employed in joinery, and is commonly sold under the name of 

 Champ. The colour of this wood is at first greenish but chang- 

 ing to a fine yellow colour, with a very fine grain. 



Lofty Magnolia. Tree 50 to 80 feet. 



11 M. YI/LAN (Desf. arb. 2. p. 6.) deciduous ; leaves obovate, 

 abruptly acuminated, younger ones pubescent, expanding after 

 the flowers ; flowers erect, 6-9-petalled ; styles erect. Jj . H. 

 Native of China. Bonpl. nav. p. 53. t. 20. M. precia, Correa 

 in Vent. malm. no. 24. M. conspicua, Sal. par. lond. 38. t. 38. 

 Sims, bot. mag. 1621. A very shewy tree about 30 or 40 feet 

 high, but only grows to the height of 8 or 10 feet in the gardens 

 of Europe, covered with innumerable sweet-scented flowers, 

 which are white, and sometimes suffused with purple, expanded 

 throughout the day-time. This species is hardy in our climate, 

 and is at an early age covered with blossoms from February to 

 April, though the severe east winds often injure its beauty, unless 

 it be protected or planted in a conservatory. Yu-lan is the 

 name of the tree in China, where it has been cultivated since the 

 year 627. 



Yulan Magnolia. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1789. Tree 40 to 50 ft. 



12 M. KO'BUS (B.C. syst. 1. p. 45 6.) deciduous; leaves obovate, 

 acuminated at both ends, produced after the flowers, younger 

 ones pubescent underneath, adult ones smooth ; flowers erect of 



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