MAGNOLIACE,. VIII. MAGNOLIA. 



3 sepals and 6 petals ; styles reflexecl. Tj . H. Native of the 

 island of Nipon in Japan. M. gracilis, Sal. par. t. 87. Kobus, 

 Banks, icon. Kaempf. t. 42. M. glauca, var. a, Tlmnb. fl. jap. 

 236. M. tomentosa, Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 386? About 

 the size of a cherry tree, with rough bark which smells like 

 camphor. The flowers are erect and solitary, with the outside 

 purple and the inside white. Ovaries purple. A very orna- 

 mental tree, requiring protection against frost when in flower, as 

 the flowers are apt to be hurt by it. Kobus, or Side Kobusi, is 

 the name of the tree in Japan. 



Kobus or Slender Magnolia. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1804. 

 Tree 10 feet. 



13 M. OBOVA'TA (Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 336.) deci- 

 duous ; leaves obovate, acute, reticulately-veined, almost smooth ; 

 flowers erect, of 3 sepals and obovate petals ; styles very short. 



fy . H. Native of Japan, but cultivated both in the gardens of 

 China and Japan as an ornament. 



Var. a, denudata (Lam. diet. 3. p. 675.) flowering branches 

 without leaves ; petals obovate. Tj . H. Banks, icon. Kaempf. 

 t. 43. Native of the island of Nipon in Japan. M. glauca, 

 var. ft, Thunb. jap. p. 236. Flowers red. 



Var. ft, discolor (Vent. malm. 24. t. 24.) flowering branches 

 leafy ; petals obovate of two colours. Tj . H. M. purpurea, 

 Curt. bot. mag. t. 390. Andr. bot. rep. t. 324. Flowers purple 

 outside but whitish inside. 



Var. y, liliiflora (Lam. diet. 3. p. 657.) flowering branches 

 leafy : petals oblong, white on both sides. Banks, icon. Kaempf. 

 t. 44. fj.H. Native of China. Flowers white. 



This shrub has a very elegant and shewy appearance when in 

 flower ; at this time it requires to be protected from the frosts 

 during night by a mat, as the flowers are apt to be hurt. The 

 only variety that has as yet been introduced to our gardens is 

 var. ft. This shrub appears to most advantage in a conservatory. 



06oa/e-leaved or Purple Magnolia. Fl. Mar, April, May. 

 Clt. 1790. Shrub5 feet. 



14 M. SOULANGEA'NA (Ann. hort. soc. par. pt. 2. ex Sou- 

 lange Bodin. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 260.) deciduous : leaves obo- 

 vate, abruptly acuminated, veiny, pubescent on both surfaces ; 

 sepals 3 ; petals 6. T?. H. or F. Lindl. bot. reg. 1164. This 

 is a hybrid, raised from the seed of M. Yulan by M. Soulange 

 Bodin, the other parent is supposed to be M. obovata, var. ft, 

 discolor. The flowers are of six obovate, expanded, whitish 

 petals tinged with purple. This species requires protection in 

 severe weather. 



Soulange Bodin's Magnolia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1828. 

 Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 



15 M. FUSCA'TA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 229.) evergreen; leaves 

 elliptical-oblong, adult ones smootli, younger ones as well as 

 branches and petioles covered with brown totnentum ; flowers 

 erect. Tj . F. Native of China, where it is cultivated for 

 the fragrance of its flowers. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1008. M. fas- 

 ciata, Vent. malm. no. 24. adn. 2. Flowers small, very fragrant, 

 of a dull purple colour. 



Var. ft, annonce/ 'olio, (Sal. par. lond. no. 5. t. 5.) leaves broader ; 

 pedicels a little shorter : flowers more red ; anthers more nu- 

 merous. Tj . G. Native of China. 



Var. y, hebeclada (D. C. syst. 1. p. 4.58.) flowers on shorter 

 peduncles ; branches more velvety-tomentose ; leaves shorter. 

 ?2 . G. Native of India. 



Brown-flowered Magnolia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1789, ft. 

 1804. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 



16 M. PTEROCA'RPA (Roxb. corom. 3. p. 62. t. 266.) leaves 

 oblong, with tapering base, entire ; flowers terminal, solitary ; 

 spaths of flower-buds several deciduous ; sepals 3, petals 6. 



(7 . S. Native in the vicinity of Silhet and Chittagong. Flowers 

 as large as those of M. grandiftora, white, and sweet-scented, 



and with the sepals green on the outside. Seeds red. Strobile 

 winged. Anthers red and yellowish. The tree is called Doolee 

 champa in Silhet. Perhaps a species of Talauma. 



Wing-fruited Magnolia. Fl. April, May. Tree 40 feet. 



17 M. INODO'RA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 459.) leaves ovate, acumi- 

 nated, smooth ; peduncles terminal, 1 -flowered, crowded ; petals 

 6, thick, conniving into a tube, reflexed at the apex. ^ . G. 

 Native of China in fields near Canton. Liriodendron liliifera, 

 Lour. coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 424. but not of Lin. Sampaca mon- 

 tana, Humph, amb. 2. p. 204. t. 69 ? A middle-sized tree, with 

 large pale scentless campanulate flowers. 



iScentless-ftoviereA Magnolia. Tree 16 feet. 



18 M. ? co'co (D. C. syst. 1. p. 459.) leaves ovate, quite 

 entire, shining ; flowers solitary ; sepals 3, oblong, and are as 

 well as the petals incurved ; petals 6, fleshy ; ovaries 8. ^ . G. 

 Native of Cochin-China, Macao, and Canton, where it is culti- 

 vated in the gardens for the beauty and scent of the flowers. 

 Liriodendron coco, Lour. coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 424. Flowers 

 very large and pure white, with an exquisite scent. The flower- 

 bud before opening is roundish, and is likened to the coco-nut, 

 whence its name about Macao Fula-coco. 



Coco- nut-like-budded Magnolia. Shrub 5 feet. 



19 M. FIGO (D. C. syst. 1. p. 460.) leaves lanceolate, quite 

 entire, shining, reflexed-incurved ; flowers solitary ; petals 6, 

 ovate-oblong, erect ; ovaries 40 or 50. J? . G. Native of 

 China, where it is also cultivated, especially about Macao and 

 Canton. Liriodendron Flgo, Lour. coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 424. 

 Michelia Figo, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 643. Flowers solitary, pale, 

 spotted with red on the inside, sweet-scented. There is only 

 one bractea inclosing the flower-bud, therefore this plant may 

 be a species of Michelia. The shrub is called Fula-Figo by the 

 inhabitants of Macao. 



Fula-Figo. Shrub 4 feet. 



Cult. The hardy species are chiefly from North America, 

 but some of the Chinese kinds endure our winter tolerably well ; 

 they should be planted in conspicuous situations, as they are 

 handsome shrubs, and flower abundantly when of sufficient size. 

 M. glauca and M. longifblia like a peat soil, and a moist situa- 

 tion. The species are generally increased by layers put down in 

 spring or autumn, or by seeds procured from the places of their 

 natural growth. When the layers are first taken off, they should 

 be potted in a mixture of loam and peat, and placed in a close 

 frame, till they have taken fresh root. None of the leaves should 

 be taken off or shortened, nor any roots be cut off or their tops 

 shortened, as they will not succeed so well ; for the more branches 

 and leaves are on them the sooner they will strike fresh root. 

 The Chinese kinds are often inarched or budded on M. obovata, 

 which takes readily. The green-house kinds thrive best in peat 

 mixed with loam ; they are also increased by inarching or bud- 

 ding on M. obovata, which is one of the readiest growing sorts. 

 M.pumila,fuscata, annoncefolia, and _any of the weak growing 

 kinds, strike readily from cuttings taken off as soon as ripe, and 

 planted in a pot of sand and placed under a hand-glass. 



The seeds of the North American species are received annually 

 from that country. They should be sown as soon after their 

 arrival as possible, in pots or boxes of light rich earth, covering 

 them half an inch deep ; these may be placed either in a hot-bed 

 or in a warm sheltered situation, or they may be sown in the 

 open ground, and when the plants are of sufficient size they 

 should be planted out singly in pots, and shaded until they take 

 fresh root ; and at the approach of frost they should be sheltered 

 by a frame for two or three successive winters, indulging them in 

 the open air in mild weather. When they are replanted none of 

 the roots nor leaves should be shortened. With regard to the 

 disposition of the hardy species, they should have a sheltered 

 sunny situation in conspicuous places. They have a very good 



