86 



MAGNOLIACEjE. XL LIRIODENDRON. ANONACE.E. 



Cult. As this elegant tree has not yet been introduced into 

 the gardens the mode of treating it is unknown. However, 

 should it be, we would recommend its being grown in a mix- 

 ture of loam, peat, and sand. For the manner in which we re- 

 commend increasing it see Mich&lia "[. 



XI. LIRIODE'NDRON (from Xc.ptov, lemon, a lily ; tv- 

 Spov, dendron, a tree ; because the tree bears flowers resembling 

 the lily, but more like the tulip.) Lin. gen. no. 689. Juss. gen. 

 281. Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 475. 1. 178. Lam. ill. t. 491. D. C. syst. 

 1. p. 461. 



LIN. SYST. Polydndria, PolygyniOf Carpels 1-2-seeded, 

 disposed in spikes, indehiscent, deciduous, drawn out into a wing 

 at the apex. Calyx of 3 deciduous sepals. Corolla of 6 petals, 

 conniving into a bell-shaped flower. 



1 L. TULIPI'FERA (Lin. spec. 755.) Jj.H. Native of North 

 America in swampy places. Mich. f. arb. amer. 3. p. 202. t. 5. 

 Duham. arb. ed. nov. vol. 3. p. 61. 1. 18. Curt. bot. mag. 275. 

 Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 93. t. 147. Bigel. amer. med. bot. t. 31. 

 L. procerum, Sal. prod. 379. Tulipifera lyriodendron, Mill. diet, 

 no. 1. A tall elegant deciduous tree, very commonly cultivated, 

 particularly in the South of Europe, in avenues. Leaves smooth, 

 truncate at the top, 4-lobed, resembling a saddle in shape. Flowers 

 large, solitary, terminal, variegated with green yellow and orange- 

 colour, furnished with two deciduous bracteas under the flowers. 

 The bark of the Tulip-tree has a very bitter taste, and strong 

 aromatic pungency. The latter property appears to reside in a 

 volatile oil. When the bark is distilled with water it fills the apart- 

 ment with its fragrant odour. A bitter resin exists in a small quan- 

 tity in the bark. The bark both of the root and branches act 

 on the system as a stimulating tonic and.diaphoretic, having pro- 

 perties resembling the Cascarilla. The disease in which it has 

 been most employed is intermittent fever. As a warm sudorific 

 the bark has been employed with success by various practitioners 

 in the United States of America in chronic rheumatism. 



The wood of this tree is smooth and fine grained, very easily 

 wrought and not liable to split. It is used for various kinds of 

 carving and ornamental work, and for articles of house-furniture. 

 Michaux says, that the joinery or inside-work of the houses in 

 the western states of North America is most frequently of this 

 material. The common use it is put to is in the manufacture of 

 carriages, to form the pannels of coach and chaise bodies. For 

 this purpose it is particularly fitted by its smoothness, flexibility, 

 and toughness. 



Obs. There are two varieties of this tree ; the one called 

 white-mood or white poplar, and the other yellow-wood or yellow 

 poplar, in America ; the first has the lobes of its leaves acute, and 

 is called var. acutiloba by Mich. The second has blunt lobes, 

 and is called var. obtusiloba by Mich. 



Tulip-bearing Lily-tree, Tulip-tree or Saddle-tree. Fl. June, 

 July. Clt. 1663. Tree 60 feet. 



Cult. The Tulip-tree requires to be a considerable size be- 

 fore it will flower ; it is well adapted to grow singly on lawns, 

 &c., and is generally increased by seeds imported from its 

 natural place of growth ; these should be sown about the month 

 of March in a light richish soil in a situation exposed to the sun, 

 covering them about half an inch deep ; they usually remain two 

 years in the ground before they come up, though some few of 

 them will vegetate the first year. 



ORDER IV. ANONA V CE/E (shrubs agreeing with Anona in 

 many important characters.) Rich. anal. 17. D. C. theor. 213. 

 syst. l.p. 463. prod. 1. p. 83. Dunal, mon. 1817. Anonae, Juss. 

 gen. 283. 



Parts of flowers imbricate in the bud. Calyx trifid (f. 24. a. 

 1 



f. 23. a.) rarely quadrifid. Petals 3 (f. 23. 6.) or 6 (f. 25. 6.) 

 unequal, disposed in a ternary order in a single or double 

 series. Stamens indefinite, adpressed, usually covering the 

 hemispherical disk (f. 24. &.). Anthers almost sessile, tetra- 

 gonal, sometimes nectariferous, bursting outwards or inwards. 

 Ovaries numerous (f. 24. f. f. 25. c.) crowded, aggregate (f. 25. 

 c.) or joined (f. 23. d.) very rarely solitary from abortion, bac- 

 cate (f. 23. d.) or capsular (f. 25. c.) one or many-seeded, ses- 

 sile or stipitate, sometimes coadunate. Seeds fixed to the inner 

 angle of the carpels, disposed in 1 or 2 rows, but often solitary. 

 Albumen hard, fleshy, pierced by the substance of the seed-coat 

 in every direction. Embryo minute, located in the umbilical re- 

 gion of the albumen. 



Trees or shrubs mostly natives within the tropics, with alter- 

 nate, simple, feather-nerved, entire, or hardly toothed, sessile, or 

 stalked leaves ; young ones pubescent, conduplicate before ex- 

 pansion, without stipulas. Peduncles axillary, lateral or opposite 

 the leaves, usually furnished with bracteas, and shorter than the 

 leaves, one or many-flowered. This order agrees with Magnolia- 

 cece, in the ternary disposition of the parts of the flower, and in the 

 adnate anthers, but differs from it in the absence of stipulas, and 

 in the very different form of the seeds and anthers ; and from 

 Menispermacece in the stamens being indefinite, not definite, as 

 well as in the very different structure of its fruit. The genus Eu- 

 pamdtia of R. Brown differs from all the other genera, particu- 

 larly in the perigynous insertion of its stamina: it ought, there- 

 fore, to be excluded from this order, and placed in the subclass 

 Calyciflora. The fruit of many species of Anona are highly 

 esteemed as an article for the dessert, especially that of the Cheri- 

 moyer, which has the reputation of being the finest fruit in the 

 world next to that of the Mangosteen. The seeds of the dry- 

 fruited species are highly aromatic, acrid, pungent, and stimulating, 

 as well as the roots, bark and leaves, those of one Uvaria, furnish 

 the Piper JEthiopicum of the shops. In Brasil the bark ofXylopia 

 sericea is used for cordage, for which it is admirably adapted. 

 The genus Asirrnna is the only one which contains any hardy 

 species. The seeds of the fleshy fruited species retain the power 

 of vegetating a considerable time, hence they are easily introduced 

 in a living state from any part of the world, but the seeds of 

 those species having dry fruit are difficult to introduce, as they 

 retain their vegetative power but for a very short time. 



| 1. Anbneae. Carpels unilocular, joined together into a many- 

 celled fruit (f. 23. A) 



1 ANO'NA. Carpels or cells of the fruit 1-seeded. Calyx of 

 3-sepals (f. 23. a.) which are connected a little at the base. 

 Petals 3 (f. 23. 6.) or 6. 



2 ROLLINIA. Carpels or cells of fruit 1-seeded, scaly (f. 24. 

 /.). Calyx 3-parted (f. 24. a.). Corolla monopetalous, globose 

 (f. 24. d.), 6-lobed, with 3 wings on the back (f. 24. e.}. 



2. Monodbrece. Fruit solitary, or many-celled. 



3 MONODO'RA. Fruit solitary, globose, smooth, fleshy, with 

 numerous seeds imbedded in the pulp. Calyx 3-sepalled. Pe- 

 tals 6. 



