120 



BERBERIDE^. VI. ACHLYS. VII. DIPHYLLEIA. PODOPHYLLACE/E. I. PODOPHYHUM. 



Var. ft, puUgenm (D. C. syst. 2. p. 28. prod. 1. p. 110.) 

 petioles pilose ; nodes very hairy. 1/t . H. Native about Con- 

 stantinople. Perhaps a proper species. 



A Ipine Barren- wort. Fl. March, May. England. PL ^ foot. 



2 E. PINNA TUM (Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 29.) radical 

 leaves pinnate ; scape leafless. If. . H. Native of Persia, in the 

 province of Gilan. Flowers erect. Fruit pendulous at top of 

 pedicels. 



Pinnate-leaved Barren-wort. PI. \ foot. 



3 E. HEXA'NDRUM (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 30. t. 13.) radical 

 leaves twice or thrice ternate ; leaflets cordate, bluntly 5-lobed, 

 somewhat pilose ; flowers hexandrous ; sepals 8 ; scape leafless. 

 If. . H. Native of North-west America ; common in shady pine 

 forests at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia, Puget Sound, and 

 North California. Caulophyllum gracile, Dougl. mss. Petals 

 G, oblong-obovate, cucullate at the apex, each furnished at the 

 base on the inside with a spatulate concave yellow appendage. 



Hexandrous Barren-wort. PI. -j to 1 foot. 



Cult. The E. alpinum succeeds well in any common garden 

 soil, and is readily increased by dividing at the root. The E. 

 pinndtum and E. hexdndrum have not yet been introduced ; but 

 if they should, it would be advisable to keep them in pots, in a 

 mixture of peat, sand, and loam, until their hardiness is ascer- 

 tained. 



VI. A'CHLYS. (achlys, dimness ; obscure plant.) D. C. 

 syst. 2. p. 35. prod. 1. p. 112. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 30. 

 t. 12. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Calyx wanting. Corolla 

 wanting. Flowers naked, disposed in a dense spike. Stamens 

 numerous. Anthers didymous, globose, almost unilocular, bila- 

 biate. Stigma dilated, hence concave. Ovary ovate, smooth, 

 1 -celled ; containing only 1 erect ovula, fixed to the bottom of 

 the cell. Herb with a creeping perennial woody trunk, with 2 

 or 3 leaves rising from the same root, which are ternate. Leaf- 

 lets large, fan-shaped, sessile. Flowers in spikes ; those at the 

 base of the spikes are rather remote. 



1 A TRIPHY'LLA (D. C. 1. c. Hook. 1. c.) %. H. Native of 

 the North-west coast of America, in shady pine woods among 

 moss ; common near the shores of the Pacific, about the mouth 

 of the Columbia river and at Fort Vancouver, Leontice triphylla, 

 Smith, in Rees' Cycl. Leaflets with very unequal sides ; upper 

 side, or front, coarsely sinuate-toothed or lobed ; lobes blunt, 

 finely rayed with nerves. Scapes longer than the leaves, erect, 

 slerider. 



Three-leaved Achlys. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



Cult. This plant will succeed well in any common garden 

 soil ; and it may be increased by dividing at the root. 



VII. DIPHYLLE'IA (from & c , dis, double; and <t>v\\or, 

 phyllon, a leaf; in allusion to each stem of the plant only bearing 

 two alternate leaves.) Mich, fl.bor. amer. 1. p. 203. t. 19. and 20. 

 Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 218. Nutt. gen. amer. p. 304. D. C. 

 syst. 2. p. 29. prod. 1. p. 110. 



LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Sepals 6, naked on the 

 outside. Petals 6, naked on the inside. Stamens 6. Style 

 scarcely any. Stigma capitate. Berries nearly globose, sessile, 

 1 -celled, 2 -3-seeded. Seeds ovate-oblong. A smooth perennial 

 herb, with the habit of Leontice or Podophyllum, with 2 large 

 alternate lobed leaves on each stem. 



1 D. CYMOSA (Mich. 1. c.) I/ . H. Native of North Carolina, 

 Virginia, Georgia, on the borders of rivulets, on the tops of the 

 highest mountains, and on the banks of Columbia river. Leaves 2, 

 alternate, large, kidney-shaped, usually profoundly 2-lobed at the 

 apex. Flowers white, cymose. Berries roundish, of a bluish- black 

 colour. 



Cywose-flowered Diphylleia. 

 PI. 1 foot. 



Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. 



Cult. This plant will grow freely in any light rich soil, in a 

 shady, moist situation, and is easily increased by dividing at the 

 root, in the spring. 



ORDER VIII. PODOPHYLLA^CE^E. (plant agreeing with 

 Pcdophyllum in many important points.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 31. 

 prod. 1. p. 111. 



Calyx of 3 (f. 33. a.) or 4 sepals. Petals 6-9. (f. 33. b. c.) 

 disposed in 2 or 3 series, each series containing the same number 

 as there are sepals, the outer series alternating with them. 

 Stamens equal in number with the petals, or double that number ; 

 filaments filiform ; anthers terminal, opening lengthwise on the 

 inside by a double chink. Ovary solitary, crowned by a thick 

 peltate stigma, which is nearly sessile, (f. 33. e.) Carpels 1- 

 celled baccate (f. 33. e.) indehiscent, or capsular opening round 

 the circumference at the apex. Seeds numerous, ovate-glo- 

 bose, inverted, fixed to the lateral placenta. Albumen fleshy. 

 Embryo straight, basilar. Herbs with rhyzomatose roots, 

 stalked, peltate-nerved lobed leaves, and 1 -flowered bractless 

 peduncles. Flowers white. This order is closely allied, on the 

 one hand, to the herbaceous species of Berberidece, but differs 

 from them in the anthers not opening by an elastic valve, and they 

 are terminal, not adnate. It differs from Nymphiacece in the 

 parts of .the flower being ternary, or quaternary, as well as in 

 the torus being narrow, and in the albumen being fleshy, not 

 mealy, and from Papaveracece, in the plants yielding a watery 

 juice, not milky, and in the unilateral disposition of the seeds, as 

 well as in the albumen being fleshy, not oily. It differs from 

 Ranunculacete Verae in the anthers bursting inwardly ; but per- 

 haps the Ranunculacece Spurite ought to be associated with this 

 order on account of the dehiscence of its anthers. Plants inhabit- 

 ing humid and shady places of North America, from whence the 

 roots are easily imported in a living state, as well as the seeds. 

 The roots are purgative. The herb is narcotic and poisonous. 

 The berries are eatable, but sour. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 



I. PODOPHY'LLUM. Calyx 3-sepalled. Petals 6-9. Stamens 

 12-18. Berry rather fleshy, 1-celled, indehiscent. 



II. JEFFERSONIA. Calyx 4-sepalled. Petals 8. Stamens 8. 

 Capsules opening round the circumference at the apex. 



I. PODOPHY'LLUM. (This name is abridged from Anapo- 

 dophyllum, the name originally given to it by Catesby, derived 

 from anas, a duck ; trove irodoe, pous podos, a foot ; and $v\Xov, 

 phyllon, a leaf; in allusion to the leaves bearing some resem- 

 blance to the form of a duck's foot.) Lin. gen. 646. Lam. ill. 

 t. 449. Juss. gen. 235. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 365. D. C. syst. 2. 

 p.'33. prod. 1. p. 111. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 3 sepals, (f. 

 33. a.). Petals 6-9, (f. 33. b. c.). Stamens 12-18. Berries 

 somewhat fleshy, (f. 33. e.) 1-celled, indehiscent. Perennial 

 herbs, with 2 opposite peltate deeply bipartite lobed leaves, bear- 

 ing one white drooping flower on the top of each stem, between 

 the two leaves. 



