128 



SARRACENIE&. I. SARRACENIA. PAPAVERACE.E. 



their back, oblong, 2-celled (f. 37. c.) opening upwards from the 

 base, hardly to the apex. Ovary 1, large, globose, with 5 lon- 

 gitudinal furrows (f. 37. /.) Style columnar, crowned by a 

 broad, convex, leafy, 5-angled stigma (f. 37. d.~). Capsule glo- 

 bose, crowned by the permanent style and stigma, 5-lobed, 5- 

 celled, 5-valved, many-seeded (f. 37._/.), valves separating from 

 the apex. Placentas 5, one in each cell closely covered with 

 seeds, progressing from the central axis. Seeds small, minutely 

 tubercled (f. 37. g.}. Embryo cylindrical, cleft at one extre- 

 mity into 2 cotyledons, placed at the base of a copious waxy- 

 granular albumen, with the radicle pointing towards the hilunv 

 The seeds are keeled on their under side, inserted by their nar- 

 rowest point upon a large club-shaped, stipitate receptacle, 

 which stands out from the central column or axis into the middle 

 of each cell. The valves of the capsule open from above be- 

 tween the cells, whose dissepiments are attached to the centre o' 

 each valve, and separate from the central axis of the column. 

 Well known singular plants, inhabitants of the swamps of North 

 America, remarkable for the singular form of their leaves, 

 which are tubular and hold water, and some species have lids 

 or covers, which it is alleged shrink and close over the mouth, so 

 as to prevent the exhalation of the water. In dry weather birds 

 resort to them for drink. Scapes always 1 -flowered. Flowers' 

 large, nodding, greenish-yellow or dark purple. This order 

 differs chiefly from Papaveracece and Nymphuicece in having 

 a broad, peltate, leafy stigma, but it is still nearer to the former 

 than the latter in the capsules being furnished with intervalvular 

 placentas. 



I. SARRACENIA (so named by Tournefort in honour of 

 Dr. Sarrazin, a French physician of rank residing at Quebec, 

 who sent this genus to him from Canada). Tourn. Lin. gen. 

 no. 885. 



LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynla. Character the same as 

 the order. The genus is called in English Side-saddle-flower, 

 from the resemblance of the style and stigma to a woman's 

 pillion. 



1 S. puRpu v REA(Lin. spec. 728.)leaves short, constricted at top, 

 with the tube inflated and gibbous, and the lid or wing or helmet- 

 like appendage, erect, broad-cordate, and sometimes emarginate. 

 T . F. M. Native of North America in swampy places about Que- 

 bec, Lake Huron, and probably common throughout Canada, and 

 as far north as Bear Lake and as far south as Carolina. Sims, bot. 

 mag. 849. Mill. fig. 2. 241. Cat. 



car. 2.t. 70. Flowers dark purple. 

 Seeds reddish. 



Purple-flowered Side-saddle- 

 flower. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1646. 

 PL 1 foot. 



2 S. RU BRA (Walt. fl. car. 152.) 

 leaves short, coloured upwards 

 with netted veins ; tube ending 

 gradually in a somewhat arch- 

 ed, long, pointed appendage (f. 

 37. i.) y.. F. M. Native of 

 North America in the swamps of 

 Georgia and Florida. Hook. exot. 

 fl. 13. S. psittacina, Mich. fl. bor. 

 amer. 1. p. 311. Pursh, fl. amer. 

 sept. 2. p. 368. Pluk amalth. t. 

 152. f. 3. ? Flowers on very long 



FIG. 37. 



peduncles, purple. Leaves small, very handsomely marked with 

 purple veins (f. 37.). 



tfed-flowered Side-saddle-flower. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt.1786. PL 1ft. 



3 S. FLA'VA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 310.) leaves straight, 

 very long, funnel-shaped, with a spreading throat ; appendage 

 erect, constricted at the base, with the sides in the lower part bent 

 backwards, and ending in an awl-shaped mucrone. "If. . F. M. 

 Native of North America in open swamps from Virginia to Florida. 

 Sims, bot. mag. 780. Andr. bot. rep. 381. Catesb. car. 2. t. 

 69. Pluk. amalth. t. 376. f. 5. Flowers yellow. This is the 

 tallest growing species ; the leaves are often 2 feet long. 



Yellorv-Aowered Side-saddle-flower. FL June, July. Clt. 

 1752. PI. 2 feet. 



4 S. VARIOLA' RIS (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 310.) leaves 

 elongated, their tube spotted on the back, ending in a short 

 arched appendage. If. . F. M. Native of North America in 

 open swamps on a sandy soil from North Carolina to Florida. 

 Sims, bot. mag. 1710. S. adunca, Smith exot. bot. 1. t. 53. 

 S. minor, Walt. car. 153. Flowers yellow. The transparent 

 spots on the back of the leaf distinguish this species readily 

 from the preceding, with which it has often been confounded. 



Chequered Side-saddle-flower. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1803. PL 1 ft. 



Cult. These singular and handsome plants are very desirable 

 objects in the collections of the admirers of nature. They are 

 all inhabitants of the swamps of North America, but will not 

 stand in the open air in Britain. They should be kept in pots 

 filled with turfy peat at the bottom, and the upper part with 

 Spdgnum or mater-moss in which the plants must be set 'and 

 then placed in pans of water ; they succeed best in frames in a 

 shady situation or in a stove. They also succeed very well if 

 set in Spdgnum in a frame without pots, but they always will re- 

 quire to be kept rather moist and well shaded. In this last 

 way the sashes require to be almost always kept shut. There 

 is no way known by which they can be increased in this country 

 but by dividing the plants at the root. Most of the plants in the 

 gardens have been imported from North America. 



ORDER XII. PAPAVERA'CE^ (plants agreeing with Pa- 

 paver in many important characters.) Juss. gen. 236. excluding 

 Fumariaceae. D. C. syst. 2. p. 67. prod. 1. p. 117. Rhaeadeae, 

 Lin. ord. nat. ed. Gisel. 383. 



Calyx of 2 deciduous sepals, inclosing the young flower (f. 38. 

 .), or calyptrate (f. 41./.). Petals usually 4 (f. 38. 6. f. 39. a. 

 f. 41. a.), free, rarely wanting, usually regular ; irregularly plaited 

 before evolution. Stamens indefinite (f. 39. b. f. 40. c.), seldom 

 definite, disposed in one or many series ; filaments filiform ; an- 

 thers 2-celled, inserted by their base, opening by 2-furrows. 

 Ovary 1 (f. 38. d.} free, oblong, constantly of 2 or many carpels, 

 clasped by a membranous production of the Thalamus (f. 38. e.}. 

 Style short or wanting. Stigmas-2-4 (f. 41. c.) 6, or numerous 

 (f. 38. c.), usually stellately disposed on the top of the ovary 

 (f. 38. c.). Capsules the same as the ovaries (f. 38. d. f. 39. c. 

 f. 41. d.), with 2 (f. 39. c. f. 41. e.) or numerous, intervalvular, 

 placentas, bearing seeds on both sides (f. 38. e.\ adhering to the 

 sides of the valves ; but in the 2-valved silique-formed capsules, 

 the seeds are born on the margins (f. 39. c. f. 41. e.), sometimes 

 opening at the base, sometimes at the top, each cell or carpel 

 usually ending in a permanent style or stigma. Seeds numerous 

 (f. 38. e. f. 39. c.), rarely solitary from abortion, inserted in the 

 intervalvular placentas, unless in silique-formed capsules ; nearly 

 globose, destitute of aril except Bocconia. Embryo small, 

 placed in the base of a fleshy oily albumen ; cotyledons ovate- 



