PAPAVERACEjE. I. PAPAVER. 



129 



oblong, flat on one side, and convex on the other. Annual, 

 perennial, or suffruticose herbs, yielding white, yellow, copper- 

 coloured or blood-like juice. Roots fibrous. Leaves alternate, 

 simple, sessile or stalked, usually dilated at the base, and half- 

 stem-clasping, feather. nerved, generally pinnate-lobed, never truly 

 entire, often glaucous. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 1- 

 flowered, naked, inflexed before the expansion of the flower, 

 usually solitary, distant, sometimes approximating in a panicle. 

 Flowers very fugacious, usually large, white, yellow, red, or 

 purple, but never truly blue. This order is intermediate between 

 Nymphiaceoe and Ranuncula.ee 'ce, but differs from both in having 

 intervalvular placentas. Sanguinaria comes near to Podophyl- 

 lacece. Chelidonium and Hypecoum to Fumariacetz and Cru- 

 ciferce, but from all these orders they are easily distinguished 

 by the above characters. 



The plants of this order are better known for their medicinal 

 qualities than for their beauty. Sanguinaria is a neat little 

 plant, well known for its crimson juice, and the emetic, purga- 

 tive and anthelmintic powers of its roots. The peculiar narcotic 

 power of the poppy is well known, a property which pervades 

 the whole order, although in a less intense degree in all than in 

 Papaver somniferum, from which, exclusively, the drug opium is 

 obtained. The Mexicans use the expressed seed of Argembne 

 Mexwana for polishing furniture. The seeds of the plants of 

 this order are easily introduced in a living state from any part 

 of the world, as they retain their vegetative power a consider- 

 able time. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 



1 PAPA'VER. Petals 4 (f. 38. 6.). Stamens indefinite. Style 

 wanting. Stigmas 4-20, radiating, sessile, connected, crowning 

 the top of the ovarium (f. 38. c.). Capsules obovate (f. 38. rf.). 



2 ARGEMO^NE. Petals 4-6. Stamens indefinite. Style al- 

 most wanting. Stigmas 4-5, radiating, concave, free. Capsule 

 obovate, prickly, 4-5-valved. 



3 MECONO'PSIS. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Style short. 

 Stigmas 5-6, radiating, convex, free. Capsule obovate, smooth, 

 5-6-valved. 



4 STYLO'PHORUM. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Style long. 

 Stigma 4-lobed. Capsules obovate, echinated, 4-valved. 



5 HUNNEMA'NIA. Petals 4 (f. 39. a.). Stamens indefinite. 

 Stigma peltate, 4-furrowed, slightly 4-lobed. Capsules silique- 

 formed, rather compressed, 10-ribbed, 1 -celled, 2-valved (f. 

 39. c.). 



6 SANGUINA* RIA. Petals 8-12. Stamens 24. Stigmas 2. 

 Capsule oblong, 2-valved. 



7 BOCCO'NIA. Petals wanting. Stamens 8-24. Stigmas 2. 

 Capsules elliptical, 1 -seeded. Seed inwrapped in soft pulp. 



8 MACLE V AYA. Petals wanting. Stamens 8-24 (f. 40. c. 6.). 

 Capsules many-seeded. Seeds inwrapped in soft pulp. 



9 ESCHSCHO'LZIA. Petals 4 (f. 41. a.). Stamens indefinite. 

 Stigmas 4, 2 short and 2 long (f. 41. c.). Capsules elongated, 

 silique-formed (f. 41. d.), 2-valved (f. 41. e.\ 1 -celled. Calyx 

 calyptrate (f. 41./.). Receptacle expanded (f. 41. i.). 



VOL. i. PART n. 



10 ROME' RIA. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Stigma 1. Cap- 

 sules elongated, 3-4-valved, 1 -celled. 



1 1 GLAU'CIUM. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Stigma bila- 

 mellate. Capsules elongated, 2-valved, and 2-celled from the cel- 

 lular dissepiment. Seed without a glandular crest. 



1 2 CHEHDONIOM. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Capsules 

 elongated, 2-valved, 1-celled. Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds fur- 

 nished with a glandular crest. 



13 HYPE'COUM. Petals 4, inner ones usually 3-lobed. Sta- 

 mens 4. Stigmas 2. Capsules elongated, 2-valved, knotted or 

 jointed transversely. 



I. PAPA'VER (from papa, pap, or thick milk ; or pappo, 

 to eat of pap. The juice of the poppy was formerly used in 

 children's food to make them sleep, and in some parts of Hol- 

 land they still use the seeds to produce the same effect. From 

 papa the Latins changed the name of it to Papaver, the Anglo- 

 Saxons to Papig, the English to Poppy, and the French to 

 Pavot.) Tourn. inst. 237. t. 119. Lin. gen. no. 648. Schreb. 

 gen. 881. Gsert. fruct. 1. p. 289. t. 60. Juss. gen. 236. Lam. ill. 

 t. 51. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Sepals 2, convex, deci- 

 duous (f. 38. a.). Petals 4 (f. 38. 6.). Stamens indefinite. 

 Style none. Stigmas 4-20, radiating, sessile, crowning the disk 

 at the top of the ovary (f. 38. c.). Capsules obovate (f. 38. 

 d.), 1-celled, constantly with 4 to 20, carpels inclosed in 

 a membranous production of the thalamus (f. 38. e.~), opening 

 by short valves under the crown or the stigmas. Placentas 

 drawn out on the inside into incomplete dissepiments, one in the 

 centre of each valve. Seeds reniform. Perennial or annual herbs, 

 usually pilose, and a white juice flows from them in every part 

 when cut. Leaves pinnately lobed or cut ; lobes generally cut, 

 and their teeth are usually terminated by a hair. Peduncles 

 axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, naked, inflexed before the expan- 

 sion of the flower. Flowers erect, white, red, yellow or varie- 

 gated. 



1. Capsules hispid. Scapes radical. 



1 P. NUDICAU'LE (Lin. spec. 725.) capsules hispid, obovate- 

 oblong ; sepals beset with bristles ; peduncles radical, very long ; 

 leaves pinnately-lobed ; lobes toothed or cut, acute. If.. H. 

 Native of Eastern Siberia, in the province of Argunskoi ; in the 

 Altaian Alps, and in Dauria at the rivers Jngoda and Schilka ; 

 also in barren grounds of North America, from lat. 64 to lat. 

 69. every where upon the shores throughout the whole breadth 

 of the continent and in the islands. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1633. 

 Dill. hort. elth. 302. t.224. f. 291. Petals yellow, rarely white. 

 Stigmas 6-12. 



Far. ft, glabratum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 70. prod. 1. p. 118.) 

 If.. H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Leaves and scapes nearly 

 smooth. 



Var. y, radicatum (D. C. 1. c.) I/. H. P. nudicaule, Oed. 

 fl. dan. t. 41. P. radicatum, Rottb. ex Horn, in litt. Native 

 of Norway, rare ; Greenland, and Unalaschka. A small very 

 hairy plant, with a distinct habit, but without character. 



Naked-stemmed Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1730. PI. i ft. 



2 P. RUBRO-AURANTI'ACUM (Fisch. in fitt. bot. mag. t. 2344.) 

 capsules hispid, obovate-oblong ; sepals bristly ; peduncles radi- 

 cal, very long, covered with appressed hairs ; leaves pinnately 

 lobed ; lobes cut, lobules terminated by a bristle. I/ . H. Na- 

 tive of Dauria. P. nudicaule $, rubro-aurantlacum, D. C. 1. c. 



Red-orange-fiowered Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. \ ft. 



3 P. MICROCA'RPUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 71.) capsules hispid, 

 S 



