136 



PAPAVERACE^E. VI. SANGUINARIA. VII. BOCCONIA. 



FIG. 39. 



1 H. FUMARLEF6LIA (Sweet. 1. 

 c.) leaves decompound and triter- 

 nate, glaucous ; leaflets linear, blun- 

 tish. $ . or Jj . F. Native of Mexi- 

 co, (f. 39.) 



Fumitory - leaved Hunnemania. 

 Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1827. PI. 2 

 to 3 feet. 



Cult. This beautiful plant will 

 require to be sheltered through the 

 winter by a frame. In the sum- 

 mer it will grow very well in the 

 open border, or against a wall. It 

 may be either increased by seeds 

 or cuttings ; the former method is 

 by far the best. 



VI. SANGUINARIA (from sanguu, blood; because all 

 parts of the plant, especially the roots, yield a red juice when 

 cut or broke.) Dill. hort. elth. 252. Lin. gen. no. 645. Lam. ill. 

 t. 449. Juss. gen. p. 236. D. C. syst. 2. p. 88. prod. 1. p. 121. 



LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, ovate, cadu- 

 cous. Petals 8-12. Stamens 24. Stigma bisulcate. Capsules 

 oblong, 2-valved, ventricose, acute at both ends ; valves deci- 

 duous ; placentas 2, permanent. A small perennial American 

 herb, abounding in a blood-coloured juice, with one leaf and one 

 scape rising from each bud. Flowers white. 



1 S. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 734.) 2/.H. Native of North 

 America in dry woods in a fertile soil, from Canada to Florida, and 

 on the banks of the river Delaware. Curt. bot. mag. t. 162. 

 Bigel. med. bot. 1. p. 75. t. 7. Trunk of root horizontal, sub- 

 terraneous, yielding a red juice when cut. Leaf radical, kidney- 

 shaped, lobed like the leaf of the fig. Scape 4 inches high, 1- 

 flowered. Flowers double or single, large or small. The whole 

 plant dyes yellow, and is called by the indigenous Americans 

 Puccoon, and not inaptly by the farriers Turmeric. 



The medical properties of Sanguinaria are those of an acrid 

 narcotic. When taken in a large dose it irritates the fauces, 

 leaving an impression in the throat for a considerable time after 

 it is swallowed. It occasions heart-burn, nausea, faintness, 

 vertigo, and diminished vision. At length it vomits, but in this 

 operation it is less certain than other emetics in common use. 

 The above effects are produced by a dose of from eight to twenty 

 grains of the fresh powdered root. When given in smaller doses, 

 such as produce only nausea, it has been found useful in several 

 complaints. In still smaller doses, or such as do not excite 

 nausea, it has acquired some reputation as a tonic-stimulant. 

 Professor Smith of Hanover, New Hampshire, found the powder 

 to operate violently as an emetic, and produced great prostration 

 of strength during its operation. Snuffed up the nose it proved 

 sternutatory, and left a sensation of heat for some time. Applied 

 to fungous flesh, it proved escharotic, and several polypi of the 

 soft kind were cured by it in his hands. He found it of great 

 use in the incipient stages of pulmonary consumption, given in as 

 large doses as the stomach would bear, and repeated in cases of 

 great irritation, he combined it with opium. Some other com- 

 plaints were benefitted by it, such as acute rheumatism and 

 jaundice. Professor Ives of New Haven, North America, con- 

 siders the Blood-root an important remedy in many diseases, 

 particularly of the lungs and liver. He observed, that in typhoid 

 pneumonia, in plethoric constitutions, when respiration is very 

 difficult, of greater benefit than any other remedy ; in such 

 cases the dose must be large, and repeated until it excites 

 vomiting or relieves the symptoms. He infuses from a scruple 

 to half a drachm of the powdered root in half a gill of hot 



water, and gives one or two tea-spoonfuls every half hour in 

 urgent cases. This treatment has often removed the symptoms 

 in half an hour. Dr. Ives thinks highly of its use in influenza 

 and pthisis, and particularly in hooping cough. In large doses 

 to produce vomiting, he says, it often removes the croup. Dr. 

 Macbride of Charlestown says, the Blood-root is useful in hydro- 

 thorax, given in doses of sixty drops three times a day, and in- 

 creased until nausea followed each dose. He prefers the pill or 

 powder in a dose of two to five grains, and vinous infusion to 

 the spirituous tincture. The tincture may be made by digesting 

 an ounce of the powdered root in eight ounces of diluted alcohol. 

 This preparation possesses all the bitterness, but less of the nau- 

 seating qualities, than the infusion. In the dose of a small tea- 

 spoonful it is used by many practitioners as a stimulating tonic, 

 capable of increasing the appetite and promoting digestion. 



Canadian Blood-root or Puccoon. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1680. 

 PI. i to j foot. 



Cult. This being a dwarf plant should be planted near the 

 front of the flower border ; it will thrive well in a light sandy 

 loam or peat soil, and it is easily increased by dividing the roots 

 or by seeds. 



VII. BOCCO'NIA (in honour of Paolo Bocconi, M. D. a Sici- 

 lian botanist, author of the Museum des Plantes, and Histoire 

 Naturelle de Vile de Corse, &c. died 1704.) Plum. gen. 35. t. 

 25. Lin. gen. no. 591. Juss. gen. 236. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 

 204. t. 44. f. 1. D. C. syst. 2. p. 89. prod. 1. p. 121. 



LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, ovate, deci- 

 duous. Petals none. Stamens 8-24. Stigmas 2, spreading. 

 Capsules tvvo-valved, elliptical, 1 -seeded. Seed 1, erect, fixed 

 to the bottom of the capsule, inwrapped in soft pulp at the 

 base ; hilum filiform ; albumen fleshy. Embryo very minute, 

 erect. American shrubs from 2 to 10 feet high, abounding in a 

 yellow juice. Leaves stalked, glaucous, form of those of the 

 oak. Flowers in terminal panicles, with the branches and branch- 

 lets furnished each with one bractea. This genus does not well 

 agree with the rest of Papaveracece, from its 1-seeded capsules, 

 as well as in the flower being destitute of petals. 



1 B. FRUTE'SCENS (Lin. spec. 634.) leaves oval-oblong, cu- 

 neated at the base, pinnatifid. Jj . S. Native of Mexico, Cuba, 

 St. Domingo, Jamaica, Guadaloupe, on the mountains. Lam. ill. 

 t. 394. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 83. B. quercifolia, Mcench. suppl. 122. 

 B. glauca, Sal. prod. 377. The juice of this shrub is acrid, and 

 is used in the West Indies to take off warts. 



far. ft, cernua (Moc. et Sesse icon. fl. mex. ined.) perennial; 

 scapes 1 -flowered. 



Var. y, subtomentosa (Lher. in herb. Dombey.) leaves on the 

 under surface, especially at the nerves, somewhat tomentose ; 

 lobes much crenated. Tj . S. Native of Peru. This variety is 

 called by the Peruvians Palo de Tinto or Palo Amar'Mo. 



The sepals of all the varieties are more or less brown. 



Frutescent Tree Celandine. Fl. Jan. April, in its native coun- 

 try. Britain, Oct. to Jan. Clt. 1739. Shrub 3 to 10 feet. 



2 B. INTEGRIFO'LIA (H. B. et Kth. nov. pi. gen. 1. p. 119. 

 t. 35.) leaves oblong, tapering towards each end, entire, or 

 scarcely crenated. Pj . S. Native of Peru on the Andes towards 

 Casca. Leaves flat. Panicles crowded. Flowers greenish. 



Far. p, Mexicana (D. C. syst. 2. p. 91.) margins of leaves 

 somewhat revolute ; panicles loose, fj . S. Native of New 

 Spain. Flowers green or brownish. 



Entire-leaved Tree Celandine. Fl.? Clt. 1822. Shrub 9 ft. 



Cult. Shrubs with fine foliage but with insignificant bloom. 

 They grow well in a rich light soil. Ripened cuttings root 

 readily, under a hand-glass in a pot of sand, plunged in a mode- 

 rate heat, or they may be increased by seed, which usually ripen 

 in plenty. 



