PAPAVERACE^E. XIII. HYPECOUM. FUMARIACE^l. 



139 



in each articulation, alternately fixed on both sides of the pla- 

 centas. Embryo filiform, arched. Albumen fleshy. Small an- 

 nual herbs, yielding a yellow juice, which is affirmed to have the 

 same effect as opium. Radical leaves, smooth, glaucous, stalked, 

 pinnate ; segments pinnately-multifid. Stem, or floral leaf, ses- 

 sile, situated under the branches or pedicels. Flowers small, 

 terminal, umbellate, yellow. 



1 H. PROCU'MBENS (Lin. spec. 181.) capsules articulated, 

 compressed, arched ; petals 3-lobed, external ones smooth on the 

 back. O- H. Native of Europe, from Spain to Astracan, in 

 sandy places. Lam. ill. no. 1720. t. 88. Schkuhr. handb. 1. 

 p. 90. t. 27. Smith, fl. graec. .155. H. nodosum. Lam. fl. 

 fr. 2. p. 640. H. arcuatum, Moench. meth. 217. The 2 outer 

 petals largest. Central segment of the inner petals toothed. 



Procumbent Hypecoum. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1596. PL -j- foot. 



2. H. LITTORA LE (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 205. icon. rar. 2. 

 t. 309.) capsules articulated, compressed, arched ; petals all en- 

 tire, linear-spatulate, outer ones pubescent on the back. Q. H. 

 Native of Carinthia, along the sandy shores of the Adriatic sea ; 

 also in Mauritania, along the Mediterranean. Very like H. 

 procumbens. 



Sea-shore Hypecoum. Fl. Jun. Jul. PL -j foot. 



3 H. IMBE'RBE (Smith fl. graec. 2. p. 47. t. 156.) capsules 

 articulated, compressed, arched ; sepals dentately-fringed ; petals 

 3-lobed, all beardless. O- H. Native of the island of Cyprus. 

 Inner petals half trifid, not 3-parted; lateral lobes oblong, 

 devaricating. 



Beardless-petalleA Hypecoum. Fl. Jun. July. PL -| foot. 



4 H. FASTENS (Willd. hort. berl. t. 5.) capsules articulated, cy- 

 lindrical, curved ; petals glabrous, outer ones nearly entire, un- 

 guiculate, heart-shaped ; inner ones 3-parted. 0. H. Native of 

 sandy deserts near Alexandria ; plentiful in the peninsula of Ras- 

 Otten, and the island of Crete. Mnemosilla jEgyptiaca, Forsk. 

 aegyp. 122. The two exterior petals are large and unguiculate, 

 with a very broad acute limb, appearing as if it were furnished 

 with a lobule on both sides ; and hence it is nearly halbert- 

 shaped. 



Spreading Hypecoum. Fl. April, May. PL -t foot. 



5 H. PE'NDULUM (Lin. spec. 181.) capsules knotted, cylindri- 

 cal, pendulous ; petals glabrous, the 2 outer ones ovate-oblong, 

 pendulous, the 2 inner ones 3-parted. Q. H. Native of Eu- 

 rope, from Spain to the Caspian Sea, in sandy fields. Mill. fig. 

 t. 250. f. 1. Petals smooth, pale-yellow, large, oval-oblong, en- 

 tire, tapering a little towards the base. 



/*ena!/otM-capsuled Hypecoum. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1 640. 

 PL i foot. 



6 H. ERE'CTUM (Lin. spec. 181.) capsules not articulated, 

 erect, compressed; petals glabrous, outer ones wedge-shaped, 

 somewhat 3-lobed, inner ones trifid ; lateral lobes somewhat 2- 

 lobed, middle one small. Q. H. Native of Dauria, at the 

 rivers Lelenga, Angara, Kourba, &c. ; and beyond the Baikal, 

 even unto the mountains of China. Amm. ruth. 58. t. 9. This 

 species has the largest flowers of any in the genus. Sepals small, 

 lanceolate, pointed. 



rec<-capsuled Hypecoum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PL 

 1 to | foot. 



Cult. The species of this genus only require to be sown in the 

 flower border where they are intended to remain. 



ORDER XIII. FUMARIA V CE^E. (plants agreeing with Fu- 

 miiria in many important characters.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 105. 

 Fumarieae, D. C. theor. ed. 2. p. 244. 



Calyx of two small deciduous membranous sepals, (f. 24. <>.) 

 Petals 4, (f. 42. h. 6.) irregular, usually connected at the base, 

 sometimes all free, sometimes only with the lower one free, (f. 42. 



.), and the rest connected, the 2 exterior ones alternating with the 

 sepals, sometimes both are equally drawn out at the base into a 

 hollow spur, or gibbosity, (f. 24. o.) sometimes with the lower 

 one flat, and the upper one with a spur, (f. 42. h. k.) or gibbosity 

 at the base. Stamens 6, connected together into 2 bundles, (f. 42. 

 j. 44. e.) very rarely all free ; these bundles appear as if they were 

 3-anthered filaments, (f. 42.J. 44. e.) or the filament bearing an 8- 

 celled anther, the lateral anthers being 1 -celled, the intermediate 

 ones 2-celled. Ovary 1, (f. 42. c.) constantly of 2-connected car- 

 pels (f. 42. e.). Style filiform (f. 42. z.). Stigma bilamellate, (f. 42. 

 d.~). Capsules dry, of various forms, sometimes silique-formed (f. 

 42. e. f. 44. 6.) with opposite valves, and 2 nerve-formed per- 

 manent placentas at the sutures, many-seeded, sometimes 2-valved 

 2-seeded, with the valves connected and indehiscent, sometimes 

 valveless and 1 -seeded, (f. 42. m. n.) from abortion ; sometimes 

 baccate, many-seeded, (f. 43. g. p.) Seeds fixed to the lateral pla- 

 centas, (f. 42. g. f. 44. 6.), horizontal, ovate-globose, shining, 

 black, furnished at the base with aril or a caruncle. Albumen 

 fleshy. Embryo in the seeds of indehiscent fruit small and 

 straight, those in the dehiscent capsules longer and a little arched. 

 Cotyledons oblong, flat. Herbs yielding a watery juice. Roots 

 annual or perennial, fibrous or tuberous. Stems annual, herba- 

 ceous, usually angular. Leaves usually decompound, from the 

 petiole being branched, smooth. Racemes terminal, or opposite 

 the leaves. Bracteas membranous, one under each pedicel, as 

 well as furnished with sepal-like bracteoles on each pedicel. 

 Flowers purple, white, or yellow, emulating those of Polygala. 

 The herbs are bitter and scentless ; they are reckoned slightly 

 diaphoretic and aperient. The juice was prescribed by old prac- 

 titioners against obstructions of the viscera and liver, but is more 

 especially used for curing various cutaneous eruptions. This 

 order differs from Papaveracece, to which it is very closely allied, 

 in abounding in watery juice, instead of a milky juice, and in 

 the petals being irregular, usually connected, as well as in the 

 stamens being diadelphous. It differs from Cruciferce in the 

 calyx being of 2 sepals, as well as in the structure of the petals 

 and seeds, and disposition of the stamens. The plants contained 

 in Fumariacece are all natives of the temperate zones. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 



I. DIELY'TRA. Petals 4, the 2 outer equally spurred or gib- 

 bous at the base, (f. 42. o.). Silique 2-valved, many-seeded, 

 (f. 42. i. o. p.). 



II. DACTYLICA'PNOS. Petals 4, deciduous, (f. 43. a.); the 

 2 exterior ones sessile, gibbous at the base ; the 2 inner ones on 

 long claws, (f. 43. c.). Berries cylindrical-oblong, (f. 43. g.) 

 many-seeded, (f. 43. p.). 



III. ADLU' MIA. Petals 4, connected together into a monope- 

 talous, spongy, permanent corolla, which is not gibbous at the 

 base, (f. 42. a.) Silique 2-valved, many-seeded, (f. 42. e.) 

 (f. 42. a. 6. c. d. e.). 



IV. CYSTICA'PNOS. Petals 4, one of which is gibbous at the 

 base. Capsule bladdery, many-seeded, (f. 42. /. g.). 



V. CORY'DALIS. Petals 4, one of which is spurred at the base, 

 (f. 44.) Silique 2-valved, compressed, many-seeded, (f. 44. &.). 



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