FUMARIACEJE. VII. FUMARIA. 



145 



LIN. SYST. Diadelphia, Hexdndria. Petals 4, lower one 

 linear free, (f. 42. Z.), the 3 upper ones connate at the base, middle 

 one of these with a spur at the base (f. 42. &.). Stamens dia- 

 dc'lphous. Capsules indehiscent, 1-seeded (f. 42. m. n.). Style 

 deciduous. Smooth, slender herbs, with alternate-decompound 

 leaves. Flowers small, racemose, white, or purplish. 



SECT. I. PLATYCA'PNOS (from TrXaruc, platys, broad, Katrvos, 

 capnos, fumitory ; broad podded fumitory.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 

 IS I. Pods compressed. 



1 F. SPICA'TA (Lin. spec. 985.) pods compressed, oval, smooth ; 

 racemes spicate ; pedicels much shorter than the bracteas ; stems 

 erect. O- H. Native of the south of Europe in cultivated fields. 



Morr. hist. 2. p. 261. sect. 3. t. 12. f. 11. Leaves glaucous, 

 stalked, multifidly-decompound into crowded linear awl-shaped 

 lobes. Flowers white at the base and purple at the apex. 



Var. ft, aurantlaco-crbcea (D. C. syst. 2. p. 131.) Q.H. Na- 

 tive of Spain. Distinguished from the species by its smaller 

 habit and orange-copper-coloured flowers. 



Spiked-fiowered Fumitory. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1714. PI. 

 1 or 1J foot. 



2 F. TURBINA TA (Smith, in D. C. syst. 2. p. 132.) pods com- 

 pressed, turbinate, truncate, striated ; stems somewhat climbing ; 

 petioles cirrhose at the top. O ? H. Native of the Levant. 

 F. claviculilta, Lin. herb. Flowers racemose, small ; perhaps 

 purplish ? 



Turbinated-podded Fumitory. PI. 2 feet. 



3 F. CORYMBOSA (Desf. act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 26. t. 6. 

 fl. atl. 2. p. 124.) pods ovate, compressed, pointed, dotted; ra- 

 cemes somewhat corymbose ; frutiferous pedicels, much longer 

 than the bracteas; stems diffuse. %. H. Native of Algiers 

 near Tlemsan in the fissures of rocks. F. Africana, Lam. diet. 

 2. p. 569. Leaves on long petioles, pinnate; segments 5, cut 

 or parted ; lobes oblong. Flowers pale at the base and purple 

 at the apex. 



Corymbose- flowered Fumitory. Fl. Ju, Jul. PI. procumbent. 



SECT. II. SPH^ROCAPNOS (cr^cupa, sphaira, a sphere, Konrcoe, 

 capnos, fumitory ; round podded fumitory.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 131. 

 Pods globose (f. 42. m.) 



4 F. CAPREOLA'TA (Lin. spec. 985.) pods globose ; fructiferous 

 pedicels recurved, longer than the bracteas ; racemes oblong ; 

 stems somewhat climbing ; leaves bipinnate ; petioles somewhat 

 tendrilled. O- H. Native of western and southern Europe in 

 the fissures of rocks and among stones. D. C. icon. rar. 1. t. 

 34. Savi. mat. med. 14. t. 1. f. 1. Herb procumbent or scan- 

 dent. Flowers whitish, tipped with dark-purple ; spur com- 

 pressed, blunt, short, mitre-formed. 



Var. ft? Burchettii (D. C. syst. 2. p. 133.) peduncles spread- 

 ing; fructiferous pedicels double the length of the bracteas. 

 Fumaria, no. 1298, Burch, cat. geogr. pi. afri. austr. Perhaps 

 a proper species. Native of Cape of Good Hope among bushes 

 by the sides of rivulets, particularly about the place called 

 Roggeweld's-Karo. 



Tendrilled Fumitory. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. ? PI. cl. 



5 F. LicHTENSTEiNli(Schlecht. Linnsea, l.p. 569.) stem weak, 

 climbing ; leaves bipinnate, tendrilled ; segments lanceolate, cut ; 

 flowers small ; deflowered pedicels, capillary elongated, 6-times 

 longer than the bracteas. Q. H. Native of Cape of Good Hope. 

 Flowers flesh-coloured. Racemes short, crowded, at length 

 elongated. Fumaria micrantha, Licht. mss. Pods not known. 



Lichtenstein's Fumitory. PI. cl. 



6 F. ME'DIA (Lois. not. p. 101.) pods globose, rather de- 

 pressed ; fructiferous pedicels erect, double the length of the 

 bracteas ; racemes loose ; stems erect ; leaves supra-decom- 

 pound; petioles somewhat tendrilled. Q. H. Native through- 

 out Europe in cultivated fields. In England sparingly at 



VOL. i. PART it. 



Edmonton, and a few other places near London ; more plentifully 

 about Barnstaple, and elsewhere in Devonshire; about Battersea 

 in fields and garden grounds ; in Sussex ; very abundant about 

 Liverpool ; in Canada near Quebec and in Newfoundland. F. ca- 

 preolata, Lightf. fl. scot. 380. Smith, engl. bot. t. 943. F. 

 agraria, Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1815. p. 21. This plant is most 

 like F. officinalis, but the leaves are less glaucous and their ten- 

 drils twisting round other plants. Flowers pale, with the tip of 

 each petal deep red. 



Var. ft, prehensibilis (Kit. ined. hort. pesth. 1812. p. 10.') 

 leaves thickish, almost succulent, shorter than those of the spe- 

 cies. Perhaps a proper species. O- H. Native of Hungary. 



Intermediate Fumitory. Fl. Ju. Sep. England. PI. 3 or 4 ft. 



7 F. OFFICINA'LIS (Lin. spec. 984.) pods globose, retuse ; 

 fructiferous pedicels erect, double the length of the bracteas ; 

 racemes rather loose ; stem diffuse ; leaves supra-decompound ; 

 lobes linear. Q. H. Native in corn-fields and cultivated land 

 throughout the world ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, eng. bot. 

 t. 589. Mill. icon. 1. t. 136. f. 2. Blackw. herb. t. 237. Fl. 

 dan. t. 940. Curt. fl. lond. 2. t. 52. Woodv. med. bot. 241. 

 t. 88. Sav. mat. med. p. 14. t. 1. f. 2. Mart. fl. rus. t. 68. F. 

 pulchella, Sal. prod. 377. Flowers pale red, deep red at the 

 summit. The leaves are succulent, saline, and bitter. The ex- 

 pressed juice, in doses of 2 ounces, taken twice a-day in whey, 

 is useful in hypochondriacal, scorbutic, and cachetic habits. It 

 corrects acidity and strengthens the stomach ; Hoffman prefers 

 it to all other medicines as a sweetener of the blood. There is 

 no doubt of its utility in obstructions of the viscera, and the 

 diseases arising from them. The celebrated Boerhaave frequently 

 prescribed it in black jaundice and bilious colics. An infusion 

 of the leaves was used as a cosmetic to remove freckles and 

 clear the skin, and Dr. Cullen has experienced its good effects in 

 many cutaneous disorders. The same physician thought it useful 

 as a tonic wherever bitter medicines are advisable. 



Var. ft, grand/flora (D. C. syst. 2. p. 135.) flowers larger and 

 pale purple. O- H. Native of Cape of Good Hope. F. offici- 

 nalis, Burm. prod. fl. cap. p. 20. 



Officinal Fumitory. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PI. foot. 



8 F. PARVIFLO'RA (Smith, engl. bot. t. 590.) pods globose, 

 somewhat mucronated ; fructiferous, pedicels erect, longer than 

 the bracteas ; racemes loose ; stems diffuse ; leaves supra-de- 

 compound ; lobes linear, channelled. 0. H. Native of the 

 south of Europe, as well as in England in cultivated fields about 

 Woldham near Rochester and near Epsom. It is also a common 

 weed throughout the East Indies. Smith, engl. bot. t. 590. F. 

 spicata ft, Lin. syst. veg. ed. 13. p. 470. F. tenuifolia, Syrn. 

 syn. p. 200. F. Sfcula, Pisan. cat. hort. panorm. 181C. Very 

 like F. officinalis but smaller in all its parts. Flowers pale red. 

 In the East Indies this is a very common weed, it is called in the 

 Bengalee Bun-sulpha, in Hindostanee Sttlpha-saug. It possesses 

 a bitterish taste. Dr. Whitlaw Ainslie speaks of it in his Materia 

 Medica of Hindostan, p. 16. under the name of F. officinalis, 

 being in use among the Mahomedans as a diuretic, and is em- 

 ployed in maniacal cases, and as a diobstruent. He says it is 

 called Pitpatra in Hindostanee, Shoulra in Persia, Dukhanee 

 and Bucklututmelic in Arabic. 



Small-flowered Fumitory. Fl. Aug. Sept. Engl. PI. ft. 



9 F. LEUCA'NTHA (Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnsea, vol. 

 1. p. 5.02.) pods globose, wrinkled, 1-seeded; flowers in racemose 

 spikes ; leaves supra-decompound, finely dissected into linear 

 furrowed lobes. Q. H. Native of Corsica and other parts of 

 the south of Europe. F. parviflora, Lam. diet. 11. p. 567. but 

 not of Smith. Fumaria foliis tenuissimis, flore albo. Tourn. 

 inst. 422. Flowers white. 



White-flowered Fumitory. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. ? PI. \ ft. 



10 F. VAILLA'NTII (Lois. not. p. 102.) pods globose, hardly mu- 

 ll 



