FUMARIACE^E. VIII. DISCOCAPNOS. CRUCIFER^E. 



cronulate ; fructiferous pedicels erect, longer than the bracteas ; 

 racemes short ; stems rather erect ; leaves supra-decompound ; 

 lobes linear, flat. 0. H. Native of France in sandy fields 

 about Paris, Montpelier, &c. Vaill. bot. par. 56. t. 10. f. 6. 

 Very like F. parviflora, but the branches are erect, not spreading 

 nor procumbent, and the whole plant is more glaucous, and the 

 flowers of a deeper purple colour. 



VMlanCs Fumitory. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. ft. 



1 1 F. DENSIFLO^RA (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 113. syst. 2. p. 

 137.) pods globose; fructiferous pedicels erect, longer than the 

 bracteas; racemes dense ; calyx toothed ; stems erectish ; leaves 

 supra-decompound, lobes linear, thickish. O- H. Native about 

 Montpelier in stony fields and on walls. Flowers of an intense 

 purple colour but occasionally white. 



Dense-flowered Fumitory. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. Jft. 



f A species not sufficiently known. 



12 F. MICRA'NTHA (Lag. cat. hort. madr. p. 21.) O- H. Na- 

 tive of Spain in fields near Tudela and about Murcia. Leaves 

 pinnately-decompound, linear, very narrow ; calyx cordate- 

 rounded, broader than the tube of the corolla (Lag.). Flowers 

 pale purple. 



Small-flowered Fumitory. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. 



Cult. The species are mostly weedy-looking plants, and are 

 scarcely worth cultivating. The annual kinds should be sown 

 in the open border, and treated as other hardy annuals, except 

 F. media, capreolata, and turbinata, which are really worth cul- 

 tivating, these should be sown under a hedge, where they will 

 climb up and make a very beautiful appearance. F. corymbbsa 

 will do well if planted in rock-work. 



VIII. DISCOCA'PNOS (ra>c, discos, a disk ; Kairvos, kap- 

 nos, the Greek name for Fumitory ; wing in the centre of orbi- 

 cular flat capsule). Schlecht. in Linnaea 1. p. 569. 



LIN. SYST. Diadelphia, Hexundria. Flowers of Fumaria. 

 Capsule orbicular, flat, membranous, with a nerve running through 

 the middle on both sides from the base to the style, mucronate, 

 1 -celled, girded by a wing in the centre, perepheric, indehiscent, 

 1 -seeded. Seed lenticular, compressed, finely granulated, shin- 

 ing. This genus differs from Fumaria, Sect I. Platycdpnos, in 

 the fruit being membranous, and girded by a wing. A glaucous 

 herb, with bipinnate-tendrilled leaves ; segments wedge-shaped, 

 cut. Racemes opposite the leaves, stalked, 5-8-flowered. Flowers 

 red, with an obtuse spur. 



1 D. MU'NDTII (Schlect. I.e.) Q. H. Native of Cape of Good 

 Hope. Fumaria Mundtii, Spreng. syst. app'. p. 264. 



Mundl's Discocapnos. Fl. Aug. PI. cl. 



Cult, This plant only requires to be sown in the open ground 

 in April, and treated as other hardy annuals. 



ORDER XIV. CRUCI'FER^ (from crux, crucis, a cross, 

 and fero, to bear ; in allusion to the four petals being disposed 

 cross-wise), (f. 45. o. f. 48. e. f. 49. a. f. 50. 6.) Juss. gen. 237. 

 D. C. syst. 2. p. 139. prod. 1. p. 131. Adans. fam. 2. p. 409. 



Calyx of 4 sepals (f. 45. n. f. 50. e.). Petals 4, alternate with 

 the sepals, disposed cross-wise, constantly distinct and free (f. 

 45. o. f. 51. e,). Stamens 6, (f. 45. h. g. f. 49. e. c.) the two in 

 front of the lateral sepals are solitary, and shorter than the rest 

 (f. 45. g. f. 49. c. f. 51. c.) and are inserted lower down, the 4 

 longest approximate in pairs (f. 45. g. f. 49. e. f. 50. a.) in front of 

 the other sepals. Anthers 2-celled, bursting inwards (f. 49. e.~). 

 Receptacle small, bearing a few glands between the stamens and 

 the petals. Carpels 2, c'osely connected together by one pistil 

 (f. 47. /. m. &c.). Ovary 1 (f. 49. d.) short, or elongated, 



those with the short ovary are usually crowned by a short 

 style (f. 51. 6.) Stigmas 2, approximate (f. 46. I. g. Sfc.) or 

 spreading (f. 46. n. fyc.} ; siliques (f. 47. /. $c.) (long pods) or 

 silicles (f. 46. h. <^c.) (short pods) usually 2-celled, 2-valved (f. 

 46. h. $c.}, very rarely 1-celled (f. 47. d. #c.). The cells are 

 usually separated by a thin dissepiment situated vertically, and 

 girded by a placentarious nerve (f. 46. r.). Seeds in each cell, 1 

 (f. 47. 6.) 2 or numerous, (f. 46. I.) fixed to both sides of the 

 placenta (f. 46. g.) usually pendulous (f. 46. 1. f. 47. 6. $c.) 

 rarely solitary from abortion (f. 47. d. h.) always hanging by an 

 umbilical thread, which is usually free (f. 47. b. fyc.). Albumen 

 wanting. Embryo oily, curved. Radicle terete, tending to the um- 

 bilicus. Cotyledons 2, opposite (f. 45. J.), inclining various ways 

 above the radicle, which are explained in the characters of the 

 tribes. 



This order consists of annual, perennial or biennial herbs, rarely 

 suffrutescent, stems, however, never exceeding the height of three 

 feet, the perennials have thick roots, the biennials and annuals have 

 slender roots, usually perpendicular and undivided. The young 

 roots are tipped with a little sheath, called the Coleorhiza, which 

 is produced by the extended ruptured coat of the epidermis, when 

 the rootlets first appear. The stems are round and somewhat 

 angular, branched, and often, even in the annual species, indurated 

 at the base. The branches rise from the axillae of the leaves, 

 but the uppermost ones are abortive in the annual species. Ra- 

 cemes usually opposite to the leaves, sometimes the terminal 

 branch is abortive, when the raceme appears to be terminal, but 

 this is merely owing to that circumstance. The leaves are sim- 

 ple, usually radical or alternate, rarely opposite, as in Eunbmia 

 and Lunaria, feather-nerved, entire toothed, pinnatifid, lyrate or 

 variously dissected, the lower ones usually stalked, the upper- 

 most ones sessile. Flowers white, yellow, or purple, but in 

 some species of Heliophila they are blue ; they are mostly sweet- 

 scented, and easily changed to double. Flowering racemes at 

 first sub-corymbose (f. 49.), at length much elongated (f. 51.). 

 This order differs from Papaveraceee and Fumariaceee in the 

 calyx being of 4 sepals, not 2, as well as in the seeds being des- 

 titute of albumen. It differs from Resedacece in the seeds being 

 furnished with an umbilical cord, from Datiscetz in the seeds 

 being destitute of albumen, and from Capparidcce in the receptacle 

 not being hemispherical nor elongated, as well as in pods being 

 furnished with a dissepiment, and in the very different habit of the 

 plants, and the disposition of the stamina. The plants contained 

 in this order are chiefly confined to the temperate zones ; their 

 station is variable, many inhabit open sandy places, some form 

 the vegetation about the limits of perpetual snows of lofty moun- 

 tains, and many follow the footsteps of man through all parts of 

 the world. The seeds of all the species retain their vegetative 

 power a considerable time, therefore they may be introduced in 

 a living state from any part of the world. 



The plants of this class have always been celebrated for 

 their anti-scorbutic qualities. These seem to reside in an aprid 

 oily volatile 'principle, and varying in the degree of abundance 

 in which it is found in different species. It is particularly abun- 

 dant in the seeds of mustard and garden-rocket, in the roots of 



