CRUCIFER^;. LVII. SISYMBRIUM. 



205 



Africa. Ery'simum officinale, Lin. spec. 922. Fl. dan. t. 560. 

 Curt. fl. lend. 5. t. 50. Woodv. med. hot. 4. p. 14. t. 244. 

 Smith engl. bot. t. 725. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1833. t. 183. 

 Klutia officinalis, Andrz. cruc. ined. Flowers small, yellow. 

 Pods erect and pressed to the stem. 



Var. j3, leiocdrpum (D. C. syst. 460.) pods smooth. Native 

 of South Carolina and Teneriffe. Erysimum officinale, Pursh, 

 fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 436. 



This plant is warm and acrid to the taste, and when cultivated 

 is used as a spring pot-herb. Birds are fond of the seed. Sheep 

 and goats eat the herb. Cows, horses, and swine refuse it. It 

 is celebrated in medicine even to this day, and is used as a diuretic, 

 and as an expectorant in asthma, chronical coughs, and hoarse- 

 ness, and hence its name in France Herbe au chantre. Ronde- 

 letius informs us that the last-mentioned complaint, occasioned 

 by loud speaking, was cured by the juice of this plant in three 

 days. Other testimonies of its good effects in this disorder are 

 recorded by writers on the Materia Medica, of whom we may 

 mention Dr. Cullen, who for this purpose recommends the juice 

 to be mixed with an equal quantity of honey or sugar. In this 

 way also it is said to be an useful remedy in ulcerations of the 

 mouth and throat. The seeds being most pungent, should be 

 preferred to its leaves. This, as well as some other cruciferous 

 plants, are apt to come up among the ashes where charcoal has 

 been made, or where there has been any considerable fire. In 

 Germany the plant is called der Hederich, Wegesenf, Wildersenf, 

 falcher Wassersenf, das Gelbe Eisenkraut, Kreuzkraut, &c. In 

 Danish Vild senep, Veysenep. In Swedish Faggkrassa. In 

 France, Le velar, La Tortelle. In Italian Erisamo. In Spanish 

 Jaramago, hierba de san Alberto, Irion.' In Russia Corczyca 

 ytolna, Pszonak ziele. 



Common Hedge Mustard or Officinal Sisymbrium. Fl. May, 

 July. Britain. PI. 1 oi 2 feet. 



2 S. COKNICULA' TUM (Cav. prael. no. 3. from Lag. in litt.) 

 lower leaves sinuately-runcinate ; upper ones lanceolate, toothed ; 

 pods compressed, subulate, somewhat pilose ; pedicels thick, 

 very short. Q. H. Native of Spain about Madrid at a place 

 called La Real casa del Campo. Flowers small, yellow. Pods 

 straight, erect, appressed to the axis. A very distinct species, 

 but not sufficiently known, and perhaps will form a separate 

 genus. 



//ornerf-podded Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. 

 PL 1 to 1 j foot. 



SECT. II. NORTA (meaning unknown). D. C. syst. 2. p. 461. 

 prod. 1. p. 191. Silique round. Calyx spreading. Seeds ob- 

 long. Flowers yellow. Racemes bractless. 



3 S. STRICTI'SSIMUM (Lin. spec. 922.) leaves lanceolate, stalked, 

 toothed, pubescent. I/ . H. Native throughout middle Europe, 

 France, Italy, Germany, &c. &c. on mountains in rugged places. 

 Jacq. vind. 122. fl. austr. t. 194. Flowers intensely yellow. 

 Pods 2 inches long, straight, very smooth. Stems erect, 

 branching at the top. 



Very-straight-^ odded Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 

 1658. PL 3 to 5 feet. 



4 S. JU'NCEUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 114.) leaves smooth, 

 glaucous, lower ones stalked, runcinately-pinnatifid, upper ones 

 linear-lanceolate, entire. Tf. . H. Native of dry meadows in 

 Hungary, of salt meadows in Transylvania, Tauria at the river 

 Volga about Zarizyn and the colony Sarepta ; in the deserts of 

 Siberia between Oby and Irtish, and between Barnaoul and 

 Zmeof. Pods strictly erect, parallel with the axis. Flowers 

 yellow. 



Var. a, Brassica polymorpha (Murr. comm. goett. 1776. p. 

 35. t. 6.? Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 93. t.90.) 



Var. ft, Cheirdnthus junceus (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 259. 



t. 234. Ery'simum junceum. Willd. spec. 3. p. 513. Sisym- 

 brium junceum, Bieb. 1. c.) 



Rush-like Hedge-Mustard. FLMay.Jul. Clt. 1804. PL 1 foot. 



SECT. III. PSILO'STYLUM (from ^/tXoe, psilos, slender, and 

 (n-uXoe, stylos, a column or style ; styles long and slender). 

 D. C. syst. 2. p. 463. prod. l.p. 191. Siliques round, terminated 

 by the long slender style. Calyx closed. Seeds oblong. 

 Flowers yellow. 



5 S. EXACOI'DES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 463.) leaves oval-oblong, 

 almost entire, smooth, glaucous ; racemes 1 or 4-flowered. () H- 

 Native of Lebanon at a place called Zaale. Mathiola exacoides, 

 Spreng. syst. 2. p. 899. Petals yellow, elliptical, small; claws 

 of petals linear, longer than the calyx. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 

 63. Perhaps a proper genus. Habit of plant referable to 

 Exdcum pusillum. 



Exacum-like Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, June. PL 1 to 2 in. 



SECT. IV. IRIO (from tpvw, eruo, to cure ; see Erysimum.) 

 D. C. syst. 2. p. 463. prod. 1. p. 191. Siliques round. Seeds 

 ovate, somewhat triquetrous. Flowers yellow. Pedicels bract- 

 less. 



. 1. Leaves toothed or entire. 



6 S. HISPA'NICUM (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 69. icon. rar. 1. t. 124.) 

 leaves lanceolate, toothed, sessile, smooth ; stems branched, di- 

 varicate ; pods erect, roundish, smooth. $ . H. Native of 

 Spain, and perhaps of the south of France. Pods erect, ap- 

 pressed. A very smooth rather glaucous herb, with branches 

 rising from the axillee of the leaves. 



Spanish Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PL lift. 



7 S. LINE A V RE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 464.) leaves linear, entire, rather 

 hispid ; stem hispid ; pods smooth, very slender. Native of Siberia. 

 Cheiranthus leptopliyllus, Willd. herb, from Stev. obs. ined. 

 Gmel. sib. 3. p. 271. t. 62. Flowers small. Pods slender, 

 smooth. Seeds small. Stems branched at the top. 



Zznear-leaved Sisymbrium. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. PL 1 ft. 



8 S. PU'MILUM (Steph. in. Willd. spec. 3. p. 507.) radical 

 leaves sinuately-toothed, cauline ones sagittate, stem-clasping, 

 toothed; pods rough from branched hairs. O> H. Native of 

 the north of Persia, in the plains adjacent to Caucasus, about 

 Kitzjar, and about Astracan ; also in Iberia. Flowers small. 

 Plant very variable in height. 



Dwarf Hedge-Mustard. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. PI. 

 from to lj foot. 



9 S. PALLA'SII (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 901.) stem branched; 

 leaves all linear, quite entire, smooth, lower ones blunt, superior 

 ones narrowed, acute ; calyx pilose ; siliques slender, erectly- 

 spreading. 0. ? H. Native of Siberia. S. tenuifblium, Pall. 

 in Willd. herb. 



Pallas's Hedge-Mustard. PL 1 foot. 



10 S. KAHIKIR (Mart. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 901.) stem 

 slender, ascending, naked above ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, ta- 

 pering to the base, almost quite entire, hairy ; racemiferous 

 branches elongated ; calyx hispid ; petals linear ; siliques slender, 

 elongated, smooth. .? H. Native of? 



Kahikir Hedge-Mustard. PL % foot. 



US. ATROVIRENS (Horn. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 901.) stem 

 diffusely branched ; leaves oblong, toothletted, auricled at the 

 base, smooth ; petioles dilated at the base and stem-clasping ; 

 siliques somewhat arched, smooth. O-?H. Native of China. 



Dark-green Hedge-Mustard. PL 1 foot. 



12 S. NITIDULDM (Lag. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 901.) stem 

 ascending, rather simple, smooth, and leafless above ; leaves ob- 

 long, deeply toothed, stalked ; racemes loose ; siliques on long 

 stalks, smooth. O-?H. Native of Spain. 



Glistering Hedge-Mustard. PL 1 foot. 



