. LVII. SISYMBRIUM. 



207 



Tauria, Caucasus, and Transylvania, &c. This plant covered the 

 ground in and about Moscow, after the great fire of 1812. (Goldb.) 

 S. Sinapios, Retz.obs. 3. p. 37. S. sinapistrum, Crantz. aust. p. 

 52. S. altissimum, Pall. ined. taur. Habl. taur. p. 158. from 

 Bieb. S. tenuifolium, Gener, seep. el. no. 613. ? Flowers pale 

 yellow, almost cream-coloured. Pods spreading. Stems soli- 

 tary, sometimes beset with long hairs. 



Hungarian Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1787. 

 PI. 2 feet. 



22 S. SEPTULA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 471.) leaves smooth, 

 pinnate-parted ; lobes linear, somewhat toothed in front, acute ; 

 pods somewhat spreading ; dissepiment bearing impressed seeds 

 in the cells. Native of Syria, about Aleppo. Perhaps a proper 

 genus, allied to Morettia. Stem whitish. 



Septulate Hedge-Mustard. PL 1 to 2 feet. 



23 S. CARTILAGINEUM (Pall. herb, from Fisch. in litt.) leaves 

 scabrous, pinnate-parted ; lobes linear, entire or somewhat 

 toothed, thickish ; upper leaves undivided. If.. ? $ ,? H. Na- 

 tive on cretaceous mountains in Tauria and Iberia. Pods elon- 

 gate, narrowed at the base. Perhaps a species of Diplotdxis or 

 Stanleya. Stem erect, smooth, nearly simple. 



Cartilaginous-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. ? PI. 1 foot. 



24 S. LYRA'TUM (Burm. fl. cap. 17.) lower leaves pilose, ly- 

 rately-runcinate, lobes toothed ; upper leaves oblontr, smooth, 

 toothed ; pods somewhat spreading, smooth. I/ . G. Native 

 of the Cape of Good Hope. S. sylvestre, Bnrm. herb. Seeds 

 ovate, compressed, small, rufous. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 64. 



Lyrate-leaved. Hedge-Mustard. PI. 1 foot. 



25 S. BURCHE'LLII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 472.) leaves pinnate, pi- 

 lose ; lobes oblong, bluntly sinuate-angular ; pods spreading, sca- 

 brous ; pedicels short, thick ; stem hispid with spreading hairs. 

 O- H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, beyond the colonial 

 territory, near the rivulet called Sack-river. Sisymbrium, no. 

 1496, Burch. cat..geogr. pi. afr. austr. Pods nearly the same as 

 those of S. dsperum. Stems sparingly branched. 



Bwchell's Hedge-Mustard. PI. to 1 foot. 



26 S. GAKIEPI'NUM (Burch. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 472.) leaves 

 pinnate-parted ; lobes toothed, acutish, scabrous with branched 

 hairs ; pods scabrous, erectish ; stems covered with appressed 

 down. Q. H. Native of the Cape beyond the Orange river, in 

 open places, var. ft, in groves, at the fountain called Kosi. Pods 

 round, scabrous from small starry hairs. Stem branched. 



Var, a, aprlcum ; Burch. cat. geogr. no. 2080. 

 Far. ft, nemorosum ; Burch. 1. c. no. 2558. 

 Gariep Hedge-Mustard. PI. l foot. 



27 S. A'SPERUM (Lin. spec. 920.) leaves smooth, pinnate- 

 parted, with oblong, blunt, toothed, lobes ; pedicels very short ; 

 pods scabrous, pointed with the short style. $ . H. Native of 

 the south of France, Dauphiny, &c. Spain, Portugal at the Ta- 

 gus, in humid sandy or gravelly places. J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 

 858. f. 3. Chabr. sciagr. 275. f. 2. Stems many, from the same 

 root. ' 



Rough Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1778. PI. to | ft. 



3. Sbphite. Cauline leaves bipinnate, with cut pinnatljid or 

 mult'tfid lubes. Flmvers small, yellow. 



28 S. SOPHI'A (Lin. spec. 922.) leaves bipinnate ; lobes cut, 

 oblong-linear ; pedicels 4-times longer than the calyx ; petals 

 smaller than the calyx. Q. H. Native among rubbish, dry 

 banks, waste ground, and dung-hills, very frequent in Britain 

 and many other parts of Europe, from Portugal to Ingria, and 

 from England to the Morea, also of Eschscholz Bay on the west- 

 coast of America. Smith, engl. bot. t. 963. Mart. fl. rust. t. 

 57. S. parviflorum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 519. Sophia Chirurgio- 

 rum, Lob. icon. 738. f. 1. Blackw. herb. t. 440. et seriphium 

 Weinm. phyton. t. 941. f. a. " The wisdom of surgeons," or 



Flix-weed, is so named, from the quality attributed to it of 

 curing immoderate laxity of the bowels. According to Linnaeus 

 sheep and kine eat the plants, horses and goats are not fond of 

 it, and swine refuse it. The force of gun-powder is said to be 

 augmented by mixing a tenth part of the seeds with the other in- 

 gredients. The plant formerly was prescribed in dysenteries 

 and hysterical cases, and the seed was given to destroy worms, 

 but none of these virtues and qualities have been well ascer- 

 tained. Flowers small, greenish-yellow, somewhat corymbose. 

 Pods erect, linear, smooth. A large branching downy plant. 



Fine-leaved Hedge Mustard or Flix-weed. Fl. July, Aug. 

 Britain. PI. 2 or 4 feet. 



29 S. PE'RSICUM (Spreng. nov. prov. p. 39. no. 88.) leaves bi- 

 pinnate ; lobules linear ; pedicels twice the length of the calyx ; 

 petals a little longer than the calyx. O- H. Native of Persia. 

 Flowers very small. Pods almost parallel with the axis. A 

 slender branched plant, very like S. Sophia. Stems pubescent 

 with minute 3-parted hairs. Leaves smoothish. 



Persian Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 

 1819. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



30 S. CANE'SCENS (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 68.) leaves bipin- 

 nate, canescent ; lobules blunt, toothed ; petals equal in length 

 with the calyx; pods clavate, shorter than the pedicels. O- H. 

 Native of North America, from Virginia to Georgia. S. Sophia, 

 Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 440 ? Very like S. Sophia, but much 

 smaller. Petals obovate, pale yellow. 



Grey Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 

 1827. PI. 1 to 1-J-foot. 



31 S. BRACHYCA'RPUM (Richards, in Frankl. narr. journ. p. 

 744.) leaves bipinnate ; lobes blunt, entire or sparingly cut ; 

 petals larger than the calyx ; pods linear, somewhat 4-sided, 

 shorter than the pedicels. Q. H. Native of the Arctic region 

 between 54 and 64 degrees of north latitude. Very like S. 

 Sophia, but the pods are one-half shorter than in that species. 



Short-podded Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. 

 Clt. 1827. PJ. | to 1 foot. 



32 S. TRIPINNA TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 475.) leaves tripinnate, 

 velvety with starry down ; lobules oblong-linear, somewhat 

 toothed; pods slender, elongated, smooth. O- H. Native of 

 the Cape of Good Hope in dry places at the river Gaurits. Sina- 

 pis? tripinnata, Burch. cat. geogr. afr. aust. no. 1640. trav. 1. 

 p. 318. An intermediate species between S. Sophia and S. 

 millefblium. 



Tripinnate-leaved Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. PI. 2 feet. 



33 S. MILLEFO LIUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 391.) 

 leaves somewhat tripinnate, hoary ; lobules blunt, small ; stem 

 suffruticose ; petals larger than the calyx. J? . G. Native of 

 TenerifFe on rocks in the lower parts of the island. Sinapis 

 millefolia, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 27. Flowers crowded-corymbous. 

 A small branched shrub. 



Mille/oil-leaveA Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, Sept. 

 Shrub 1 to 1| foot. 



34 S. TANACETIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 916.) leaves pinnate; 

 segments lanceolate, deeply.-serrated, outer ones confluent ; pe- 

 tals larger than the calyx ; pods shorter than the pedicels. I/ . 

 H. Native of exposed cold situations in Piedmont, Switzerland, 

 Savoy, Dauphiny, Provence, and the Pyrenees. Erysimum 

 tanacetifolium, Clairv. herb. val. 219. Zann. hist. 86. t. 33. 

 Mor. hist. 2. p. 231. sect. 3. t. 6. f. 19. Stems erect, simple, 

 corymbose at the top. Leaves crowded, soft, with short starry 

 down. Seeds small. 



' Tansy-leaved Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. 

 Clt. 1731. PI. 1 foot. 



35 S. MULTI'FIDUM (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 904.) 

 stem erect, smooth ; lower leaves hairy, pinnate ; leaflets lanceo- 

 late-linear, toothed, lower ones reflexed ; leaflets of the upper 



