218 



CRUCIFERJE. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. LXXXIV. SINAPIS. 



exceeding the length of the calyx ; beak compressed, equal in 

 length to the pod, which is smooth. Native of Corsica. Flowers 

 yellow. 



Rectangular-ipmnate-]eave<l Cabbage. PI. 1 foot? 



38 B.? HI'RTA (Mcench, suppl. p. 85.) Q. H. Native of ? 

 Leaves smooth, rather fleshy, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, a 

 little sinuated. Petals obcordate, emarginate, cream-coloured, 

 with fuscous veins. Pods 4-6-seeded, hairy, crowned by a per- 

 manent pilose style, which is rather longer than the pod. This 

 is perhaps a species of Eruca. Stem decumbent. 



Hairy Cabbage. Fl. June, July. PI. 3 to 1 foot long. 



39? B. FORSKA'HLII (Schultz, obs. p. 131. no. 1012.) Q ? 

 H. Native of? Leaves all doubly pinnatifid, strigose. Stem 

 and calyxes hispid. Siliques erect, smooth. Petals greenish- 

 yellow. 



Forskahl's Cabbage. PL 1 foot. 



40? B. PURPURA'SCENS (Russ. in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 426.) 

 $ 1 H. Native about Aleppo. Leaves lanceolate, pinnatifid. 

 Stem pilose. Pods jointed, smooth, crowned by an awl-shaped 

 elongated beak. Perhaps a species of Erucaria and is probably 

 E. Aleppica. 



Purplish Cabbage. PI. 1 foot. 



41 ? B. psEi/DO-ERUCA'sTRUM(Brot. fl. lus. 1 . p. 581.') O- or 

 "H.. H. Native of Portugal in woods. Radical leaves half a 

 foot long, lyrately-pinnatifid. Stem-leaves glaucous, uppermost 

 ones of these linear-oblong, entire. Calyx erectly-closed, pilose 

 at the apex. Pod smooth, brownish-green, an inch and a half 

 long, crowned by the ensiform style. Seeds globose, black. 

 Petals pale, streaked with brown. Perhaps a species of Eruca. 



Fahe-Erucastrum. PI. trailing. 



42 B. MONTANA (Raf. speech. 2. p. 69.) T; . H. Native of 

 Sicily on the Nebrodes. Shrubby ; leaves stalked, lyrately- 

 pinnatifid, oblong, unequally toothed ; petioles compressed. 

 Perhaps the same as B. oleracea and B. crelica, Tinea. 



Mountain Cabbage. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. ? PI. 2 feet. 



43 B. CRI'SPA (Raf. speech. 2. p. 69.) ^ H. Native of 

 Sicily on the Nebrodes. Shrubby ; leaves stalked, lyrately- 

 pinnatifid, obovate, sinuated, curled, obtuse, smooth ; petioles 

 depressed. Racemes simple. 



Curled Cabbage. PI. 3 feet ? 



44 B. MACROCA'RPA (Gusson, fl. sic. prod, ex Schlecht. Linnaea 

 4. p. 34.) . H. Native of Sicily. Habit and leaves of B. 

 Balearica, but the pod is almost as thick as a finger. 



Long-podded Cabbage. PI. 2 feet. 



Cult. The culture of the common esculent species and varie- 

 ties of this genus we have given under their proper species above, 

 the rest require only common culture. Those species natives 

 of the warmer parts of the world, require shelter in the winter. 

 None of the species are worth cultivating for ornament. 



LXXXIV. SINATIS (aivairi is said to be derived from the 

 Celtic word nap, a designation for all plants resembling the 

 turnip or cabbage). Tourn. inst. 227. Lin. gen. no. 821. 

 Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 299. t. 143. D. C. syst. 2. p. 607. prod. 1. 

 p. 21 7. 



LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique rather terete, 

 with nerved valves. Style small, short, acute. Seeds disposed 

 in one row in each cell, subglobose. Calyx spreading. Herbs 

 rarely suflfrutescent, usually annual, branched, smooth, but 

 usually pilose, sometimes their habit is referable to Brdssica, 

 sometimes to Sisymbrium. Leaves of various forms, lyrate, or 

 deeply toothed. Racemes terminal, bractless. Flowers yellow. 

 Seeds of most of the species acrid, as in the white and black 

 mustard. The English name mustard is a modernization of 

 mwstum ardens, hot must. 



SECT. I. MELANOSINA'PIS (from /utXaj, melas, black, anderiram, 

 sinapi, mustard, that is to say, black-mustard). D. C. syst. 2. p. 

 607. prod. 1. p. 217. Silique terete, somewhat tetragonal. 

 Style short, small, not beak-formed. 



1 S. NI'GRA (Lin. spec. 933.) siliques smooth, even, some- 

 what tetragonal, appressed to the peduncle ; lower leaves lyrate, 

 upper ones lanceolate, quite entire, stalked. Q. H. Native 

 throughout Europe, Spain, France, Britain, Denmark, Germany, 

 Italy, Transylvania, . Greece, &c. in cultivated fields, waste 

 grounds, and on banks by roadsides. Mart. rust. t. 51. Smith 

 engi hot. t. 969. Woodv. med. bot. 3. p. 409. t. 151. Horn, 

 fl. dan. 1582. This species is easily distinguished from the rest 

 in the leaves being pendulous, as well as in the pods being 

 closely pressed to the rachis. 



Black mustard differs materially from white mustard in the 

 flowers and seeds being smaller, the latter are black ; they pos- 

 sess the same medicinal qualities, and the young plants are used 

 for the same purpose. It is sometimes cultivated in gardens, 

 and the tender leaves used as greens early in spring, but the 

 grand purpose for which the plant is cultivated is for the seeds, 

 which ground produce the well-known condiment mustard. '' If 

 the seeds," Mr. Neill observes, " be taken fresh from the plant, 

 and ground, the powder has little pungency, but is very bitter ; 

 by steeping in vinegar, however, the essential oil is evolved, and 

 the powder becomes extremely pungent. In moistening mus- 

 tard powder for the table, it may be remarked that it makes the 

 best appearance when rich milk is used ; but the mixture in this 

 case does not keep good for more than two days." 



" To raise seed for flower of mustard and other officinal occa- 

 sions, sow either in March or April, generally the black, or 

 occasionally the white, in an open compartment, or large sowings 

 in fields, where designed for public supply. Sow moderately 

 thick either in drills six or twelve inches asunder, or broad-cast, 

 after the ground has been properly ploughed and harrowed, and 

 rake or harrow in the seed. When the plants are two or three 

 inches high, hoe or thin them moderately, where too thick, and 

 clear them from weeds. They will soon run up to stalks, and 

 in July, August, or September, return a crop of seed ripe for 

 gathering ; being tied up into sheaves and left three or four days 

 on the stubble. It is then stacked in the field. It is remarked 

 that rain damages it. Black mustard is an exhausting crop, but 

 profitable when the soil answers, and especially in breaking up 

 rich loamy lands, as it comes off earlier than nhite mustard, and 

 allows time for preparing the soil for wheat. This plant is cul- 

 tivated to great extent in Durham. The seed of the black 

 mustard, like the charlock, is difficult to extirpate, for it will 

 remain in the ground if buried to the depth of 3 or 4 inches for 

 ages without germinating until it is raised to the surface. The 

 black mustard is exclusively used for grinding into flower of 

 mustard, and the black husks of the seeds are separated by very 

 delicate machinery. The French either do not attempt or do 

 not succeed in separating the husks, as their mustard when 

 brought to table is always black. It is, however, more pungent 

 than ours, because the quality resides chiefly in the husk. The 

 constituents of mustard appear to be chiefly starch, mucous, a 

 bland fixed oil, an acrid volatile oil, and an ammoniacal salt. 



Far. ft, torulosa (Pers. ench. 2. p. 207.) leaves broad, has- 

 tately-lobed, upper ones ovate, repand ; silique torulose. 



Var. y, turgida (Pers. ench. 2. p. 207.) leaves lobed, re- 

 pand, auriculate at the base ; pods turgid, veiny, appressed, with 

 a conical striated beak. 



Var. S, villosa (Merat. fl. par. p. 265.) lower leaves ovate, 

 toothed, somewhat sinuated, smooth, upper ones lanceolate ; pods 

 villous. O- H. Native of France. S. incana, Thuil. fl. par. 

 ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 343. but not of Lin. 



