250 



CRUCIFER^:. LXXXIV. SINAPIS. 



stem and leaves smooth. Q. H. Native of the island of Ti- 

 mor. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 88. This plant is very like S. 

 arvensis, but the whole herb is smooth, not hispid. 

 Timor Mustard. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 



21 S. TAU'RICA (Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1812. p. 51.) pods 

 smooth, tetragonal, with 3-nerved valves, twice the length of 

 the 2-edged conical beak. () H. Native of the south of 

 Tauria on dry mountains. Herb branched, diffuse. Leaves ob- 

 long, smooth, toothed ; lower ones deeply lobed. 



Tamian Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 



22 S. SUB-BIPINNATI'FIDA (Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1816. p. 20.) 

 pods smooth, somewhat tetragonal, 6 times longer than the some- 

 what conical beak ; leaves pinnate-parted, with unequal lobes, 

 larger ones oblong and deeply-cut. () H. Native of Spain, 

 particularly in the mountains of Leon. Stem beset with bent- 

 back hairs at the base. This species ought to form a distinct 

 section. Beak of pod long, usually with one seed at its base. 



Sub-bipinnatijid-leaved Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 820. 

 PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



23 S. KA'BER (D. C. hort. monsp. 1808. syst. 2. p. 617.) 

 pods smooth, terete, double the length of the conical beak, with 

 smooth valves. O-H. Native of Persia. Stem erect, simple, 

 more or less pubescent. Leaves smooth, oblong, cut, with the 

 incisures deeply and regularly serrated. Kaber is probably the 

 Persian name of the plant. 



Kaber or Persian Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 



24 S. ALLIONII (Jacq. vind. 2. t. 168.) pods smooth, ovate- 

 oblong, scarcely longer than the conical beak, with even valves. 

 0. H. Native of Egypt, very common in flax-fields. Delil. 

 fl. egyp. p. 102. t. 35. f. 1. Raphanus erucoides, Lin. fil. suppl. 

 299. Leaves smooth, pinnatifid, or cut down to the mid-rib ; 

 lobes entire or toothed. This plant differs from S. turgida in 

 the pods being even, not nerved, and from S, Kaber in the valves 

 of the pod being one-half shorter, and from both in the pedi- 

 cels being longer, and in the style being more slender. 



Allivni's Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789. PI. 2 feet. 



25 S. TU'RGIDA (Delile, ill. fl. egypt. no. 606.) pods smooth, 

 ovate, with reticulately-nerved valves ; the pods about equal in 

 length to the conical beak. Q. H. Native of Egypt. Ra- 

 phanus turgidus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 209. Leaves pinnatifid, not 

 truly pinnate-parted. This plant is usually confused with S. 

 Allidnii in gardens, but differs in the pedicels not being longer 

 than the calyx, as well as in the valves of pod being nerved. 



Turgid Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 feet. 



SECT. III. HIRSCHFE'LDIA (Hirschfeld, evidently the name of 

 some botanist.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 618. prod. 1. p. 220. Siliques 

 terete, 2-celled ; cells usually 4-seeded, crowned by an ovate, 1- 

 seeded, indehiscent beak. 



26 S. INCA'NA (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 281. spec. 934.) pods smooth, 

 appressed to the rachis, somewhat torulose ; stem branched, 

 scabrous below ; leaves lyrate, scabrous. $ . H. Native of 

 the south of Europe. Jacq. vind. t. 169. Myagrum Hispdni- 

 cum, Lin. spec. 893. Hirschfeldia adpressa, Mcench. meth. 264. 

 Cakile Hispanica, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 7. Cordylocarpus 

 pubescens, Smith, prod. fl. graec. 2. p. 33. 



Hoary Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771. PI. 1 to 5 feet. 



27 S. PANORMITA'NA (Spreng. syst. append. 8. p. 244.) pods 

 smooth, torose, appressed, longer than the beak ; stem branch- 

 ed, hispid at the base ; leaves stalked, lanceolate, toothletted, 

 scabrous. Q. H. Native of Sicily near Palermo. Hirsch- 

 feldia integrifolia, Presl. ex Spreng. 1. c. 



Palermo Mustard. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 feet. 



28 S. HETEROPHY'LLA (Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1816.) pods 

 pubescent, appressed to the rachis, somewhat torose ; stem 

 branched, hispid at the base ; leaves lyrately-pinnatifid, hispid 



on the nerves. $ . H. Native of Spain among rubbish about 

 Madrid. Hirschfeldia inflexa, Presl. ex Spreng. 



Variable-leaved Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 j ft. 



SECT. IV. LEUCOSINA'PIS (from XIVKOS, leucos, white, and aiva- 

 m, sinapi, mustard, that is to say, White Mustard.) D. C. syst. 

 2. p. 619. prod. 1. p. 220. Siliques hispid or smooth, crowned 

 by an ensiform beak, with the valves rather torulose. This 

 section ought probably to be joined with Eruca, or perhaps 

 rather to form a distinct genus both from Eruca and Sinapis. 



29 S. A'LBA (Lin. spec. 933.) pods hispid, spreading, rather 

 narrower than the ensiform beak ; leaves lyrate, and are, as well 

 as the stem, smoothish. Q. H. Native of the south of Europe, 

 viz. Spain, Portugal, Sicily, Switzerland, south of Germany, 

 Transylvania and Greece. In Britain in cultivated as well as 

 waste ground, and by road-sides. Mart. rust. t. 70. Curt. lond. 

 5. t. 46. Smith eng'l. bot. 1677. Schkuhr. hand. 2. 1. 186. Bo- 

 nannia officinalis, Presl. ex Spreng. Seeds large, pale. It is called 

 in French, Moutarde blanche, Navette d'ete, or Graine de Beurre. 

 There is an esculent oil obtained from the seeds of this plant. 



White Mustard. Seneve(Fr.). Senf(Germ.). Senapa (Ital.) It 

 is cultivated chiefly as a small salad, and is used like cresses, while 

 in the seed-leaf; when the'se are newly expanded they are mild 

 and tender ; but when the plants have advanced into the rough 

 leaves, they eat rank and disagreeable. The seeds are yellow, 

 and are, as well as the flower, much larger than those of Siniipis 

 nlgra. The seeds have an acrid bitterish taste, and a pungent 

 smell when reduced to powder ; they impart their taste and smell 

 to water, whilst rectified spirits extracts extremely little of either ; 

 the whole of the pungency arises with water in distillation. 

 Committed to the press they yield a considerable quantity of 

 bland insipid oil, perfectly void of acrimony ; the cake left after 

 the expression is more pungent than the mustard itself. 



White-mustard seed is swallowed entire to the quantity of a 

 table-spoonful or more, to stimulate the stomach in some cases 

 of dyspepsia, and to excite the peristaltic motion of the intes- 

 tines, especially when they are torpid, as in paralysis. The 

 powder of the Black and White Mustard made into a paste, with 

 water, is commonly used as a condiment with animal food ; infused 

 with water it proves emetic, when taken in considerable doses, and 

 in smaller ones acts as a diuretic and aperient ; but is more fre- 

 quently applied externally, as a topical stimulus, made into a 

 paste, or sinapism, with vinegar and bread-crumb, which may 

 be made stronger by adding a little scraped Horse-radish root. 



Culture. For spring or summer consumption of the young 

 plants, sow once a week or fortnight, in dry warm situations, in 

 February and March ; and afterwards in any other compart- 

 ment. " In summer sow in shady borders, if it be hot sunny 

 weather, or have the bed shaded. Generally sow in shallow, flat 

 drills, from three to six inches apart. Scatter the seed thick and 

 regular, and cover it thinly with earth, about a quarter of an 

 inch. To furnish gatherings in winter, or early in spring, sow 

 in frames, or under hand-glasses ; and when the weather is 

 frosty, or very cold, in hot-beds and stoves, as directed for Cress." 

 For the sake of seed either sow a portion in March or April to 

 stand for that purpose ; or, for small supplies, leave some rows 

 of the spring sowing, grown too large for salads ; they will ripen 

 seed in autumn. In Kent, White Mustard is cultivated for the 

 use of the seedsmen in London. In the tillage, the ploughed 

 land is harrowed over, and then furrows are stricken about 

 eleven or twelve inches apart, sowing the seeds in the proportion 

 of about two or three gallons per acre, in March. The crop is 

 afterwards hoed, and kept free from weeds. 



White Mustard. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



30 S. HISPIDA (Schousb. moroc. p. 182. t. 4.) pods hispid, 



