260 



CRUCIFER.&. C. DIDESMUS. CI. ENARTHROCARPUS. CII. RAPHANUS. 



tia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 852. Habit of Cakile maritima. Flowers 

 yellow or perhaps white. 



Var. j3, oblongifblius (D. C. syst. 2. p. 658.) lower leaves 

 oblong, grossly serrated, not pinnatifidly-lyrate. Native in the 

 fields of Astypalsea in the Morea. 



Egyptian Didesmus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 ft. 



2 D. TENUIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 659.) leaves pinnate- 

 parted ; lobes linear, distant ; upper leaves linear ; stem smooth. 

 O- H. Native of the Grecian Archipelago, especially in the 

 islands of Nio and Cyprus. Cakile striata, Lher. cak. diss. 

 ined. p. 6. Bunias Tournefortii, Sibth. Bunias tenuifolia, Smith, 

 prodr. fl. graec. 2. p. 3. Flowers white. Habit of Cakile ma- 

 ritima. Tour. voy. 1. p. 254. icon. Cells of pod 1 -seeded. 



Slender-leaved Didesmus. PI. 1 foot. 



3 D. BIPINNA'TUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 659.) leaves pinnate- 

 parted ; lobes linear, toothed, or cut ; stem rough from reflexed 

 hairs. 0. H. Native of Mauritania in the mountains of Cafsa. 

 Sinapis bipinnata, Desf. atl. 2. p. 97. Cakile bipinnata, Spreng. 

 syst. 2. p. 852. Petals whitish, obovate, retuse, somewhat 

 emarginate. Pods smooth, with 1 -seeded cells. 



Bipinnate-leaved Didesmus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1818. Pl.-J ft. 

 ) A species not sufficiently known. 



4 D. PINNA'TUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 659.). Myagrum pinna- 

 turn, Russ. in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 426. Native about Aleppo. 

 Pods striated, 2-jointed. Leaves pinnate, smooth ; segments 

 linear, cut. Perhaps the same as D. tenuifolia. Flowers white. 



Pinnate-leaved Didesmus. Fl. June, July. PL -J foot. 

 Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating, except in botanical 

 gardens. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground. 



CI. ENARTHROCA'RPUS (from tvvia, ennea, nine,a p epoy, 

 artliron, a joint, and xapiroc, karpos, a fruit, in allusion to the pod 

 having 9 or 10 seeds in the lower joint). Lab. syr. dec. 5. p. 

 4. t. 2. D. C. syst. 2. p. 660. prod. 1. p. 228. 



LIN. SYST. Tetr adynamia, Siliquosa. Silique 2-jointed, lower 

 joint obconical, short, 1 to 3-seeded, upper joint long, 9 or 10- 

 seeded, loculate in the inside (f. 47, k.) Erect, branched, rough- 

 ish herbs, having the appearance of Raphanus. Lower leaves 

 stalked, lyrate, upper ones sessile, grossly toothed. Racemes 

 elongated ; pedicels filiform, erect, becoming thicker after flow- 

 ering ; all or only the lower ones bracteate. Flowers yellow, 

 veined, or purplish. 



1 E. ARCUA'TUS (Lab. syr. dec. 5. p. 4. t. 2.) pods terete, 

 torulose, scabrous ; lower pedicels bracteate. H. Native of 

 Crete and Mount Lebanon. Sepals oblong-linear, with hispid 

 margins. Flowers purplish. Lower point of pod 1-2-seeded. 



^rcfced-podded Enarthrocarpus. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. 



2 E. LYRA'TUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 661.) pods compressed, 

 knotted, striated longitudinally ; pedicels almost all bracteate. 

 O- H. Native of sandy deserts and among barley-fields about 

 Alexandria, also in the Nilotic islands. Raphanus lyratus, 

 Forsk. fl. aegyp. arab. p. 119. Raphanus recurvatus, Pers. ench. 

 2. p. 209. Delile, fl. aegypt. p. 105. t. 36. f. 1. Very like E. 

 arcuatus, but differs in the flowers being yellow, with purple 

 veins, not purplish. 



Lyrate-\enved Enarthrocarpus. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1 828. PI. 1 ft. 



3 E. PTEROCA'RPUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 661.) pods compressed, 

 edged with a wing, ending in a long point ; pedicels almost all 

 bracteate. O- H. Native of Egypt. Deless. icon. sel. 2. 

 t. 93. Raphanus pterocarpus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 209. Flowers 

 yellow with purple veins ? Lower joint of pod 1 -seeded. 



Winged-podded Enarthrocarpus. Fl. June, July. Clt 1823. 

 PI. | foot. 



Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating, except in bo- 

 tanic gardens. They only require to be sown in the open ground, 

 and treated as other hardy annuals. 



CII. RA'PHANUS (pa^avic in Greek is derived from pa, 

 ra, quickly, and <(>ait>o/j.ai, phainomai, to appear, because of the 

 rapid germination of the seeds). Lin. gen. no. 1098. D. C. 

 syst. 2. p. 662. prod. 1. p. 228. 



LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique transversely 

 many-celled, or breaking ofF into several joints (f. 47. m.}. 

 Seeds globose, pendulous, in one row. Cotyledons thickish, 

 folded together. Erect, branched, smooth, or somewhat hispid 

 herbs, with round divaricating stems. Roots perpendicular, sim- 

 ple, more or less fleshy, with an acrid taste, when young furnished 

 with a 2-valved Coleorhiza at the tip. Lower leaves stalked, 

 lyrate. Racemes opposite the leaves and terminal, elongated ; 

 pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow, white, or purplish, 

 sometimes veined. The English name Radish is derived from 

 radix, a root. 



SECT. I. RA'PHANUS (see genus). D. C. syst. 2. p. 663. 

 prod. 1. p. 228. Silique spongy, 2-celled. 



1 R. SATI'VUS (Lin. spec. 935.) pods terete, torose, pointed, 

 scarcely longer than the pedicel. H. Native of China, 

 Japan and Western Asia by way-sides, Lam. ill. 566. Flowers 

 at first red-violet, when old whitish. There are numerous va- 

 rieties of this plant cultivated in gardens. 



Cultivated Radish. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1548. PI. 3 feet. 



In Italy the Radish is called Ramolaccio or Ravanello, in 

 France they are called Rabiole, Raviole, Rave, or Radis. 



" A. RADI'CULA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 663.) root more or less 

 fleshy, white, rose, or red-coloured. R. radicula, Pers. ench. 2. 

 p. 208. The varieties of this plant are commonly called Summer, 

 or Turnip-radishes. 



Far. a. rotunda (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root somewhat globose. R. 

 rotundus, Mill. diet. no. 2. This plant varies much in the color 

 of its root. We shall now add the different varieties of the 

 Turnip-radish from Hort. trans, vol. 3. p. 441 to 446. 



1 The early white Turnip-radish of the Dutch. Radis blanc 

 hdtif of the French. The flesh is clear and white. This radish 

 from its superior merit ought to be introduced into every garden. 



2 The small early white Turnip-radish or Radis blanc petit 

 hdtif of the French. The root of this is rather pear-shaped, 

 with a slight tinge of purple on its top. It is rather earlier than 

 the preceding kind. This is probably the Raphanus rotundus of 

 Mill. diet. no. 2. 



3 The pink, rose-coloured, scarlet, and crimson Turnip-radishes 

 are all one sort. Radii rouge or Radis rose rond of the French. 

 This variety was introduced into England from France about 

 1802. The root, externally, is a fine deep scarlet; and internally 

 white. It comes in with the common white Turnip-radish. The 

 flesh is mild and good. 



4 The rose-coloured Turnip-radish or Radis rose rond hdtif 

 of the French. The root is both externally and internally rose- 

 coloured, usually pear-shaped, but sometimes it lengthens out to 

 the appearance of a long-rooted radish. It is sometimes to be 

 found under the name of early scarlet Turnip-radish. 



5 The purple Turnip-radish or Radis violet rond of the 

 French. The external colour is a fine purple. The flesh is 

 sometimes white and sometimes stained with purple. The Dutch 

 call it early red Turnip-radish. This is a very good Radish, but 

 not common in our gardens. This is an autumn Radish. 



6 The Yellow Turnip-radish or Radis jaune of the French. 

 The root is more ovate than round, somewhat inclining to pear- 

 shaped, of a pale brown colour and rather rough. The flesh is 

 white and firm. It is a good Radish, but is rather later than the 

 other early sorts. 



Var. ft, oblonga (D. C. syst. 1. c.)root long, fleshy. R. sativus, 

 Mill. diet. no. 1. Weinm. phyt. t. 860. f. a. Roots varying in 

 colour. For the under-mentioned varieties, see Hort. trans, vol. 



