318 



VIOLARIE^E. I. CALYPTRION. 



TRIBE II. 



ALSODINEJE (R. Br. congo. p. 21.) Petals equal (f. 65. &.). 

 Stamens usually connected at the base, or adnate, to an elevated 

 urceolus which is situated between the petals and the stamens. 



12 GONOHO RIA. Sepals imbricate. Stamens free, approxi- 

 mate. Lobes of the anthers ending in a bristle. Ovary villous. 

 Capsule 3-valved, few-seeded. Shrubs. 



13 RINO'REA. In every respect the same as the last genus, 

 but the filaments are dilated from the base into an acuminated 

 ligula, not unguiculate, rather connate at the base. 



14 ALSO'DEA. Sepals acute, imbricate. Filaments connate 

 at the base into an urceolus which girds the ovary. Lobes of 

 anthers usually drawn out at the apex into a bristle. Capsule 

 bluntly trigonal, few-seeded. Large shrubs. 



15 CERANTHE'RA. Sepals acute. Urceolus toothed, con- 

 nected with the petals at the base, situated between the petals 

 and the stamens. Filaments unguiculate at the base. Lobes of 

 anthers ending in a bristle. Ovary ovate. Large shrubs. 



16 PENTA'LOBA. Sepals erect. Petals approximate at the 

 base, reflexed at the top. Urceolus 5-toothed, bearing the fila- 

 ments between these teeth. Ovary pilose. Capsule 5 -lobed, 1- 

 celled, 5-seeded. A large shrub. 



17 SPATULA'RIA. Calyx 5-parted (f. 66. c.), unequal, deci- 

 duous. Petals rather unequal (f. 66. &.,) inserted in the base of 

 the calyx, with long spatulate claws, which are connivent. An- 

 thers drawn out at the apex into a membranous point (f. 66. a.). 

 Capsule many-seeded (f. 66. d.). An erect shrub. 



1 8 HYMENANTHE' RA. Sepals imbricate. Petals at length re- 

 flexed. Structure of stamens as in Viola, but they are joined at 

 the base into a monadelphous disk, with a scale at the back of 

 each. Capsule rather baccate, 2-celled; cells 1- seeded. Large, 

 branched, erect shrubs. 



19 PIPAREA. Sepals 5, equal, permanent, at length reflexed. 

 Filaments 10-15, awl-shaped, all joined together at the base, 

 closely girding the ovary. Capsule ovate, triquetrous, 1- 

 3- celled, opening laterally from the top, densely clothed on the 

 inside witli brown velvetty down, bearing the seeds in the middle 

 of the valves, one in each. Large shrubs. 



Tribe I. 



VIOXE^E (plants agreeing with Viola in having irregular 

 flowers.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 288. Petals unequal (f. 64. d.). The 

 three outer sepals usually broader than the two inner ones (f. 

 64. .). Pericarps 3-valved, dehiscent, with a placenta in the 

 middle of each valve (f. 62. g.). Stamens alternating with the 

 petals ; filaments dilated, drawn out beyond the anthers, free, 

 (approximate or coarctate) or rarely joined. Cells of anthers 

 at length 2-valved. 



I. CALY'PTRION (k.-aXvnrpa, calyptra, a hood or cover, 

 and wv, ion, a violet ; in allusion to the hood-like spur at the 

 base of the lower petal.) Ging. mss. B.C. prod. 1. p. 288. 

 Coryn6stylis, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 25. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, running 

 into the pedicel at the base. Sepals 5, almost equal (f. 62. a.), 

 the 2 lower ones somewhat unequal-sided. Petals 5, the lower 

 one large, drawn out behind into a large hollow pouch, which is 

 compressed on the sides, and constricted in the middle, twisted, 



many-nerved ; limb involute in aestivation, but spreading in the 

 more advanced state, usually waved, erose or lobed. The 2 

 lateral petals hardly shorter than the lowest one (f. 62. d.), 

 spreading ; the rest small, and very short (f. 62. e, e.~), and bent 

 upwards, all generally villous. Stamens 5, 4 of which are con- 

 nate ; filaments dilated from the base, oblong ; bearing the 

 anthers low down ; anthers twice the length of the ovary (f. 

 62. c.), with parallel lobes ; the 4 ? anterior ones are drawn out on 

 the outside into short bearded recurved appendages ; these append- 

 ages are drawn in within the pouch. Capsule ligneous, 1 -celled, 

 3-valved (f. 62. g.). Seeds numerous, large, rather square, com- 

 pressed, wrinkled, fixed to the valves. Climbing shrubs, with 

 alternate leaves and deciduous stipulas. Flowers large, white, 

 disposed in axillary racemes. Pedicels with a bractea at the 

 base of each, and bibracteolate in the middle. 



Obs. Under Viola Hybdnthus, Willd, there are four speci- 

 mens very different from each other, joined, and probably belong- 

 ing to three distinct genera. Compare Mayer, esseq. p. 123. 



* 1. Flowers large in racemes, or axillary and solitary on the 

 branchlets. 



1 C. AUBLE'TII (Ging. 

 mss. and D. C. prod. 1. 

 p. 289.) stem striated, 

 covered with white spots ; 

 leaves oblong-ovate, acu- 

 minated, serrated ; flow- 

 ers in fascicled racemes ; 

 sepals ovate, obtuse ; spur 

 of flower hardly inflated 

 at the throat. J? . w . S. 

 Native of Guiana, Cay- 

 enne, island of Trinidad, 

 and Brasil. Viola Hyban- 

 thus, Aubl. guian. 2. p 



FIG. 62. 



811. t. 319. May fl. prim, esseq. 



p. 123. not of Willd. nor Pers. lonidium Aubletii, Rom. and 

 Schult. syst. 5. p. 397. Viola laurifolia, Smith in Rees" 

 cyclop. Corynostylis Hybanthus, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 26. t. 

 17 and 18. Seeds large, roundish, chesnut-coloured. Flowers 

 large, white (f. 62.). 



Ablet's Hooded-violet. Clt. 1823. Sh. climbing. 



2 C. BERTE'RII (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) stem 

 striated, covered with white spots ; leaves ovate, acuminated, en- 

 tire ; sepals ovate, acute ; throat of spur inflated. Jj . w . S. 

 Native of South America. 



Far. a, Magdalenense (D. C. prod. 1. c.) racemes axillary. 

 Native of Baranquilla on the banks of the river Magdalena in 

 inundated places. Viola scandens, Bert. ined. Flowers large, 

 white. 



Var. /3, Mexicanum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) racemes terminal on 

 the top of the branchlets ; flowers larger. Native of Mexico. 

 Moc. et Sesse. Viola cucullata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. 

 icon. Perhaps a distinct species. Flowers very large, white. 



Bertero's Hooded-violet. Shrub climbing. 



3 C. ? CITRIFOLIUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) 

 stem ? leaves oblong, obtuse, quite entire ; sepals ovate, acute ; 

 flowers solitary ; capsules obsoletely 3- sided ; seeds oblong, 

 compressed. J? . ,_,. S. Native of Cumana. Viola arbores- 

 cens, Lcefl. itin. p. 282. C. Loeflingii, Spreng. 



Citron-leaved Hooded-violet. Shrub climbing. 



4 C. ? ORINOCE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 

 384.) stem angular, puberulous ; leaves serrulated, ovate-oblong, 

 acute, obtuse at the base, upper surface glabrous, under surface 

 pubescent; flowers solitary ? T? . ,_,. S. Native of humid places 

 near St. Fernando de Atabapo, Mission, del. Orinoco. Very 



1 



