VIOLARIE.E. IV. VIOLA. 



323 



ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, obsoletely crenated, running down the 

 petiole at the base ; stipulas linear-lanceolate ; petals acute, 

 beardless ; spur very short. 1 . H. Native of North America, 

 in Massachusetts. Flowers blue ? Stigma unknown. 

 ^cute-leaved Violet. PL -j foot. 



30 V. OVA'TA (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148.) villous; stigma margin- 

 ate ; trunk of root thick, somewhat fleshy ; leaves ovate, subcor- 

 date, rather acute, crenate, usually lacerately toothed at the base, 

 tapering abruptly into the footstalk, which is therefore winged, 

 conspicuously pubescent on either side ; scape shorter than the 

 leaves ; sepals lanceolate ; stipulas lanceolate, long ; petals 

 obovate, the two lateral ones bearded. Tf.. H. Native on dry 

 hills from Canada to Virginia ; abundant near Philadelphia, on 

 the shelving rocks which border the Schuylkill ; also in sandy 

 fields of New Jersey. V. primulaefolia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. 

 p. 173. Bigel. fl. bost. 59. V. ciliata, Muhl. V. timbriatula, 

 Smith in Rees' cycl. Flowers bright blue, large. 



Var. fl, Behisiana, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 294.) very hairy ; foot- 

 stalks hardly any ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; flowers 

 smaller than in var. a. Native of the higher mountains of Vir- 

 ginia. 



Ovate-leaved Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1783. PL | ft. 



31 V. SPATULA' TA (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 798.) 

 leaves spatulate, almost sessile, nearly entire, and are, as well as 

 the scapes, hoary-villous ; spur short, bluntish ; stigma unknown. 

 y.. H. Native of Persia. 



Spatulate -leaved Violet. PI. 5 foot. 



32 V. SAGITTA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 287.) stigma margin- 

 ate ; trunk of root fibrous ; leaves ciliated, oblong, sagittately- 

 cordate at the base, subserrated, and cut at the base, sometimes 

 slightly pubescent ; stipulas free ; sepals smooth, lanceolate, acute ; 

 petals obovate, the 2 lateral ones bearded at the base. If. . H. 

 Native on dry hills from New England to Virginia. Flowers 

 blue ; lower petal white towards the bottom, with purple veins ; 

 the rest longer, narrower, and white towards the base. There is 

 a variety of this plant, with the base of the leaves truncate, arid 

 tapering more or less abruptly at the base, pubescent. V. sagit- 

 taefolia, Sal. prod. 130. Sepals emarginate behind. 



Var. ft, emarginata (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 147.) leaves triangu- 

 larly-cordate, or hastate, lacerately toothed near the base, and 

 running into a narrow margin on the petiole, under surface gla- 

 brous, upper surface usually pubescent ; scapes longer than 

 the leaves ; petals obovate, all emarginate and bidentate, lowest 

 cucullate, the 3 lower, and sometimes the 2 upper, pubescent ; 

 stigma beaked, depressed horizontally, marginate around. Ij. . H. 

 Native of New Jersey, in sandy fields, near Philadelphia, and also 

 on the banks of the Schuylkill. Flowers of a fine deep blue. 



Arrow-leaved Violet. Fl. Apr. July. Clt. 1775. PI. ft. 



33 V. EMARGINA'TA (Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 

 142.) smooth ; leaves rather succulent, oblong-ovate, cordate, 

 toothed, sometimes ciliated, superior ones unequally and deeply- 

 toothed at the base, and usually running into the petiole at the 

 base, with the mid-rib very prominent ; petioles sometimes 

 rather villous ; peduncles tetragonal, longer than the leaves ; 

 sepals lanceolate, acute, emarginate behind ; petals all emar- 

 ginate, villous, lower as well as lateral petals bearded. If. . H. 

 Native of North America in dry woods, from New Jersey to 

 Carolina. V. dentata, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 172. V. 

 sagittata, var. 7, dentata, Schwein. amer. journ. no. 2. D. C. 

 prod. 1. p. 294. Flowers blue, white at the base, upper petal 

 with a few purple veins. 



Emarginate-petatted Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. PI. foot. 



34 V. BETONIOEFO'LIA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 7.) plant rather 

 downy ; stigma triangular, marginated ; trunk of root ligneous, 

 almost simple, blackish ; leaves smoothish, or slightly downy, 

 linear oblong, obtuse, regularly crenate, cordate, slightly dilated 



at the bottom, abruptly tapering into the base ; stipulas free ; 

 sepals lanceolate ; capsule oblong, trigonal, with somewhat ob- 

 tuse valves ; seeds turbinate, brownish-red when ripe. If. . G. 

 Native of New Holland, at Botany Bay and Port Jackson. V. 

 longifolia, R. Br. ined. Flowers apparently light purple, not 

 much veined. Scapes always densely downy, longer than the 

 leaves. 



Betony-leaved Violet. FL Apr. July. Clt. 1820. PI. | ft. 



* Roots somewhat fusiform. 



35 PHIU'PPICA (Cav. icon. rar. 6. p. 19. t. 529. f. 2.) stigma 

 marginate ; roots fusiform, almost simple ; leaves ovate-oblong, 

 obtuse, crenate, rather villous on the under surface, tapering ab- 

 ruptly at the base into a shorter footstalk ; stipulas adnate ; 

 sepals ovate-lanceolate ; petals ovate, obtuse ; seeds almost glo- 

 bose, brownish-red. If. . F. Native of the islands of Manila 

 and Luzon, amongst stones. Scapes double the length of the 

 leaves, with 2 linear opposite bracteas in the middle of each. 

 Differing from F. betoniccefblia in the form of the roots, and from 

 V. Gmeliniana in the form of the leaves, and straight, not re- 

 curved spur. Flowers of a violaceous-red colour. 



Philippin Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. | foot. 



36 V. GMELINIA'NA (Rcem. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 354.) stig- 

 ma marginate ; roots fusiform, almost simple ; leaves obovate- 

 oblong, hairy, tapering into the footstalk at the base ; stipulas 

 adnate, ciliated? sepals ovate-oblong, rather obtuse. If.. H. 

 Native in dry places in Dahuria and Siberia. V. fusiformis, 

 Smith, in Rees' cycl. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 99. t. 49. f. 2. Flowers 

 pale blue or purple, larger than those of V. lanceolata. 



Var. (3, scorpiuri/olia (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 294.) rather hispid ; 

 sepals acuminate, longer than in var. a ; leaves obovate-oblong ; 

 capsules ovate-trigonal, rather obtuse ; seeds dark reddish, with 

 a white caruncle at the base. If.. H. Native of Siberia, at 

 Nerschinsky-sawod, Fisch. 



Var. 7, elongata (Ging. mss.) leaves cordately elliptical, i; . H. 

 Native of humid places near Irkoutck. Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 99. 



Var. S, cordifblia (Ging. mss.) leaves cordate ; sepals acumi- 

 nate. %. H. Native on the Ural mountains. V. suavis, 

 Fisch, in litt. Roots subdivided. Stigma depressed. Perhaps 

 a species ? 



Gmelin's Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL | foot. 



* * * * Roots (or rhizomas) jointed. 



37 V. PALU'STRIS (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma marginate; roots 

 articulated, scaly ; leaves cordately kidney-shaped, smooth ; 

 stipulas broad-ovate, acuminated ; sepals ovate-obtuse ; 2 lateral 

 petals with a hairy central line ; capsules oblong, trigonal ; seeds 

 ovoid dark-greenish. If. . H. Native throughout Europe, in 

 mossy bogs and humid meadows ; plentiful in Britain, chiefly, 

 though not exclusively, in the northern and mountainous coun- 

 ties. 



Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 1. p. 294.) flowers pale blue ; 

 petals obovate. V. palustris, Smith, eng. bot. t. 444. Curt, 

 lond. fasc. 3. t. 58. 



Var. fl, Pennsylvanica (D. C. prod. 1. c.) flowers purplish ; 

 petals almost orbicular. If. . H. Native of North America. 

 V. cucullata, Bigel. in litt. Perhaps a distinct species. 



Marsh Violet. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. foot. 



38 V. BLA'NDA (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 150.) stigma capitate, mar- 

 ginate ; roots jointed ; leaves cordatcly-kidney-shaped, slightly 

 pubescent on the under surface, pressed to the ground ; stipulas 

 ovate-lanceolate, acute ; sepals linear-oblong, obtuse ; pt-tals 

 smooth. 2.H. Native of North America, in wet places and bog- 

 meadows, from New York to Carolina. V. blanda, Willd. hort. 

 berl. l.t. 24. ? Flowers white, with a few blue lines, sweet-scented. 



Pretty Violet. FL May, July. Clt. 1802. PI. 4 foot. 

 Tt2 



