324 



VIOLARIE^E. IV. VIOLA. 



39 V. ROTUNDIFO'LIA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 150.) stig- 

 ma capitate, round, recurved at the apex, but without a beak ; 

 roots jointed, scaly ; leaves large and round, constantly pressed 

 to the ground, with pubescent petioles, with the recess becoming 

 at length closed, under surface glabrous ; stipulas subulate-lan- 

 ceolate ; sepals oblong, narrow, obtuse ; 2 lateral petals bearded 

 and striated; spur almost obliterated. I/. H. Native near 

 Philadelphia, on the shady banks of Wishahikon-creek, always 

 under the shade of A' Vies Canadensis ; it has been found in simi- 

 lar situations in North Carolina. The flowers are of a pale 

 yellow, and appear before the complete expansion of the leaves 

 upon short peduncles ; the 2 lateral petals are a little bearded, 

 and striated with 3 stripes upon each, the uppermost one inter- 

 rupted by a line of pubescence, the lowest petal very small, and 

 also striated ; the stripes are bifid, and crossed by two callous 

 converging lines near the base. 



Far. fi,pdtlens (Banks, herb, et D. C. prod. 1. p. 295.) gla- 

 brous ; sepals acuminated. 7/ . H. Native of Labrador and 

 Kamtschatka. Perhaps the same as var. a ? or perhaps a distinct 

 species. 



Round-leaved Violet. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. Afoot. 



40 V. CLANDESTI'NA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 173.) stigma 

 marginate ? roots jointed, scaly ; leaves almost orbicular, blunt- 

 ish, crenate-serrated, these serratures are glandular ; peduncles 

 branched, 2-8-flowered ; petals linear, scarcely longer than the 

 calyx. I/ . H. Native on the high mountains of Pennsylvania, 

 in shady beech-woods, among rotten wood, and rich vegetable 

 mould. This singular species differs from all the rest, in produc- 

 ing its flowers as it were under-ground, as they always are covered 

 with rotten wood or leaves ; they are of a chocolate brown, very 

 small ; the seed-vessel buries itself still deeper in the ground, 

 and is large in proportion to the plant. The inhabitants know 

 it by the name of Heal-all, being used by them in curing all 

 kinds of wounds or sores. Pursh. According to Bigelow, the 

 flowers are at first large yellow, but when the leaves become 

 stately, or at a later period of growth, it produces small incon- 

 spicuous greenish flowers, and creeping stolons. 



Clandestine Violet. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. foot. 



41 V. VILLO'SA (Walt. fl. carol, p. 2 12.) pubescent; stigma not 

 margined all round, beaked ; trunk of root oblique, wrinkled ; 

 leaves roundish-cordate, crenate-serrated, pubescent on both sur- 

 faces ; sepals oblong ; stipulas lanceolate, toothed ; lower petal 

 beardless, 2 lateral ones bearded ; capsules smoothish. If.. H. 

 Native of North America, on shady hills. Schwein. amer.journ. 

 5. no. 1. spec. 9. Flowers blue, elegantly striped and bearded 

 with yellow down. Leaves purplish beneath, lying on the 

 ground. 



Villous Violet. Fl. June, July ? PI. | foot. 



42 V. LECONTEA'NA ; smooth ; leaves ovate, acuminated, 

 crenated, sometimes rather villous above ; petioles long, spotted 

 with red ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, equal with or higher 

 than the leaves, spotted ; flowers sweet-scented ; sepals lanceo- 

 late ; petals all entire, green at the base, lateral ones sometimes 

 rather pubescent at the base. If. . H. Native of North Ame- 

 rica in humid woods, in the state of New York and New Jersey, 

 and from Pennsylvania to Virginia. V. obliqua, Pursh. fl. 

 amer. sept. 1. p. 172? V. amce'na, Le Conte, ann. lye. new 

 york, 2. p. 144. Flowers white, with purple and yellow 

 veins. 



Le Conte's Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. PI. | foot. 



43 V. SORO KIA (Willd. hort. berl. 1. t. 72.) stigma depressed, 

 not margined all round, beaked ; leaves orbicularly-cordate, 

 crenate-serrate, under surface glabrous, usually violaceous, up- 

 per surface villous ; stipulas minute, awl.-shaped ; petals oblong, 

 lower and 2 lateral ones bearded. 7/ . H. Native of Penn- 

 sylvania, &c. in overflowed meadows. V. cordifolia, Schwein 



and Torrey. V. villosa, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148. Flower reddish- 

 blue, white at the base. Petioles and scapes hairy. 



Far. ft, Nuttdllii ; petals obovate ; leaves thickish, cordate, 

 acutish, lying on the ground ; sepals short and narrow, smooth. 

 11. H. Native in woods on the banks of Schuylkill, near 

 Philadelphia. Peduncles longer than the leaves. V. vil!6sa ft, 

 cordifolia, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148. 



Sister Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1802. PI. i foot. 



44 V. CORDA'TA (Walt. car. p. 219.) stigma? Leaves broad- 

 cordate, acute, crenated, smooth ; peduncles very long ; sepals 

 acute; lateral petals bearded. i;.H. Native of North America. 

 Flowers blue ? 



Cordate-leaved Violet. PL | foot. 



45 V. A'SPEEA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 295.) rather 

 hispid ; stigma recurved, with a shortish beak, somewhat de- 

 pressed at the top, naked ; leaves profoundly cordate, crenate, 

 pubescent, longer than the scapes ; sepals linear, obtuse, hairy ; 

 stipulas setosely jagged ; petals oval, 2 lateral ones much 

 bearded ; nectaries conical, falcate. TJ. . F. Native of Upper 

 Nipaul. Very like F. hlrta, but differing in the form of the 

 stigma. Flowers cream-coloured or almost white. A dwarf 

 tufted herb. 



Rough Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. PI. | foot. 



46 V. SE'RPENS (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 449.) smoothish ; stigma 

 marginate ? stems slender ; leaves profoundly-cordate ; sepals 

 lanceolate, acute ; stipulas lanceolate, toothed ; flowers minute ; 

 2 lateral petals bearded in the middle ; spur short, very blunt. 

 I/. F. Native of Nipaul. Perhaps the same as F. repent. 

 Buchan in herb. Lamb. ? Flowers white, with a feeble blue 

 tinge, scentless. 



Creeping Violet. Fl. April, June ? PI. ^- foot. 



2. Stigmas convex, immarginate below. 

 * Capsules turgid-roundish. Stems almost wanting. 



47 V. JAPO'NICA (Langsdorff, ex Fisch. in litt.) glabrous ; 

 leaves cordate ; stipulas linear-lanceolate, jagged ; sepals lan- 

 ceolate, acute ; spur thick, obtuse, straight, one half shorter 

 than the petals. I^.H. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. V. 

 odorata, Thunb. fl. jap. 326 ? Flowers blue. 



Japan Violet. Fl. Ap. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. ^ to | foot. 



48 V. CANE'SCENS (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 450.) plant stemless, 

 clothed with glaucous pubescence ; leaves cordately-reniform, 

 obtuse, stipulas fringed with long ciliae ; peduncles erect, longer 

 than the leaves ; sepals linear, acute ; petals thrice as long as 

 the calyx, the upper two wedge-shaped and puberulous at the 

 base, two lateral ones rather narrower and bearded at the base. 

 If. . F. Native in Nipaul on Mount Nag-Urjoon. Flowers 

 small, scentless, pale violet. Style flattish. 



Canescent Violet. Fl. March, April. PI. foot. 



49 V. HI'RTA (Lin. spec. 1324.) plant villous or pubescent ; 

 stigma hooked, acute, naked ; leaves cordate ; sepals ovate, 

 obtuse, with ciliated margins ; stipulas with glandular teeth ; 

 2 lateral petals bearded along the middle ; spur somewhat coni- 

 cal ; nectaries glabrous ; capsules turgid, hairy ; seeds turgid, 

 brown. I/ . H. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe 

 in groves and thickets. In England in Oxfordshire, Cambridge- 

 shire, Essex, and Kent ; at Marham, Norfolk ; near Bury, Suf- 

 folk ; on St. Vincent's Rocks, Bristol, on a chalky or limestone 

 soil. Smith, engl. bot. t. 894. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 64. 

 Fl. dan. t. 618. Flowers light greyish-blue, streaked with 

 black, scentless. Scapes taller than the leaves, furnished with 

 2 narrow opposite bracteas below the middle. Stolons short, not 

 rooting. This plant varies much in habit as well as in the 

 shape of the leaves according to soil and situation. 



Far. ft, alpma (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves broad-cordate, with a 



