VIOLARIEjE. IV. VIOLA. 



325 



short acumen ; violaceous beneath the footstalks. 2 . H. Na- 

 tive in the Alps of Savoy at St. Bernard. There is a variety 

 with the sinus more or less cut, and with the footstalks more or 

 less dilated at the apex. 



Var. /, dlba (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves cordate, very minute ; 

 flowers white ; spur lilac. If. . H. Native on dry meadows. 

 Seeds turgid, brown. Later leaves largest. 



Var. S, scabra (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves acuminated ; sepals 

 acute, ex Braun. 'Jf.H. Native about Salzburg. V. scabra, 

 Braun. in flora, 1820. p. 469. 



Hairy Violet. Fl. April, May. Britain. PI. | to foot. 



50 V. AMBI'GUA (Walds. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 190.) stoloni- 

 ferous leaves smooth, oblong-cordate ; lobes inflexed, cucullate ; 

 sepals obtuse; 2 lateral petals bearded. Tf.. H. Native of 

 Hungary and Germany. Flowers blueish. Petioles winged. 



Ambiguous Violet. Fl. April, June. PI. creeping. 



51 V. CAMPE'STRIS (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 171.) stigma hooked, 

 naked ; leaves cordate, oblong, hairy ; 2 lateral petals bearded 

 in the middle ; stolons none. I/ . H. Native of Tauria and 

 Iberia in meadows and fields. V. hirta, Pall. ined. Perhaps the 

 same as V, Pyreriiaca and V, colllna. Besser, cat. hort. crem. 

 anno. 1816. p. 151. Very like V. hirta, but the leaves are 

 narrower, less hairy, and on shorter petioles. Flowers truly 

 sweet-scented, pale-purple. V. hirta (3, fragrans, D. C. prod. 

 1. p. 295. Sepals obtuse. Root perpendicular. 



Field Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. PI. foot. 



52 V. PYRENI'ACA (Ramond, in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 803.) stigma 

 hooked, naked ; leaves broad, somewhat cordate ; footstalks 

 dilated at the apex ; sepals ovate, obtuse. 7f. H. Native of 

 the Pyrenees on rocks. Flowers blue, sweet-scented. This is 

 not a variety of V. palustris nor of V. canlna, but probably the 

 same as V. hirta, var. alpina ? Seeds unknown. 



Pyrenean Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1817. PI. foot. 



53 V. HU'MILIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 369. 

 t. 492. f. 1.) very smooth ; leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, 

 rounded at the base, truly cordate ;. stipulas dentately ciliated at 

 the apex ; -calyxes acutish ; stigma hooked, acute ; petals all 

 smooth ; ovary smooth ; spur short, rounded, spreading, with 

 the appendages rounded at the apex, one half shorter than 

 the cells of anthers, y. . F. Native of Mexico near Real del 

 Monte, at the height of 3218 feet. Flowers white, with yellow 

 veins. 



Dwarf Violet. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. PL | foot. 



54 V. HOOKERIANA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 

 369. t. 492. f. 2.) very smooth ; leaves kidney-shaped, pro- 

 foundly cordate ; stipulas dentately-ciliated ; calyxes acute ; 

 stigma hooked, truncate at the apex ; petals all smooth ; ovary 

 smooth ; spur short, rounded, with the appendages rounded at 

 the apex, one half shorter than the cells of anthers. If. F. 

 Gathered along with V. humilis. Flowers violaceous. 



Hooker's Violet. PI. foot. 



55 V. ODORA'TA (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma hooked, naked; 

 leaves roundish-cordate, crenate, smoothish ; sepals ovate, ob- 

 tuse ; 2 lateral petals with a hairy line ; spur very blunt ; cap- 

 sules turgid, hairy ; seeds turbinate, whitish ; stolons long, 

 creeping, and rooting. I/ . H. Native in groves and hedges 

 almost throughout the whole of Europe, and in Siberia, China, and 

 Japan? In Britain frequent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 894. Curt, 

 fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 63. Fl. dan. t. 309. Sturn. deutch. fl. icon, 

 good. Flowers sweet-scented, resembling that of orise-root or 

 Mignonette. 



M. Boullay has discovered Fioline, which exists in all parts 

 of the plant. It is an alkaline substance, and forms salts by its 

 union with acids ; it is soluble in alcohol, but hardly so in 

 water. It is procured in the form of yellow powder. This 

 substance is very active and poisonous according to M. Orfila. 



Far. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.) flowers deep-pur- 

 plish-blue, pale and streaked in the mouth. The flowers of this 

 plant impart their colour and flavour to aqueous liquors ; a 

 syrup made from the infusion has long had a place in the shops, 

 and is said to be an agreeable and useful laxative for children, 

 but it is chiefly valued as a delicate test of the presence of un- 

 combined acids or alkalies, the former changing its blue to a 

 red, and the latter to a green. There can be no doubt but this 

 is the lov iropijtvpeov of Dioscorides, who speaks of the ivy-like 

 leaves and very sweet-scented purple flowers, which he recom- 

 mends for sore throats and for children in the falling sickness. 



Far. ft, ceerulea (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 37.) flowers blue. 



Far. y,purpureo-plena (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, purple. 



Far. S, cceruleo-plena (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, blue. 



Far. t, p&llido-plena (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, pale-blue. 

 This variety is commonly called Neapolitan Violet in gardens. 



Var. , alba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.) flowers white. Plentiful 

 about Dorking in Surrey, in hedges. V. alba, Bess. fl. gall. 1. 

 p. 171. This is probably a distinct species. 



Var. T), albo-plena (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, white. 



Far. i, variegata (D. C. prod. 1. c.) flowers variegated, Tourn. 

 inst. 419. 



Far. \, cornuta; all the petals horned, like that of Linaria pi- 

 loria. 



Sweet-scented Violet. Fl. Mar. May. Brit. PI. J ft. trailing. 



56 V. SUA'VIS (Bieb. suppl. p. 162.) stigma hooked, naked; 

 leaves reniform-cordate, crenate, pubescent ; sepals obtuse ; 4 

 upper petals narrowest, lower one emarginate, 2 lateral ones 

 with a hairy line ; stolons long, creeping, and rooting. 1 . H. 

 Native of Tauria. Flowers pale-blue, white at the base, sweet- 

 scented. 



Sweet Violet. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1820. PL foot. 



* * Capsules oblong, trigonal. Perhaps the 2 lateral petals of 



all are bearded. 

 f Stems herbaceous. 



57 V. KROKE V RI (Gmel. syst. 412.) stigma hooked; stem 

 procumbent ; leaves cordately kidney-shaped, bluntish ; sepals 

 lanceolate, acute ; capsule trigonal, pubescent. % . H. Native 

 of Bohemia. V. purpurascens, Schm. fl. boh. 1. centlS. p. 49. 

 t. 3 1 1 . Flowers purplish. 



Kroker's Violet. FL May, June. Clt. 1 820. PL procumbent. 



58 V. ULIGINO'SA (Bess. prim. fl. gall. 169.) stigma somewhat 

 reflexed, naked ; stems stoloniferous, and are as well as the foot- 

 stalks glabrous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the 

 base; spur short, conical; sepals obtuse. If. H. Native of 

 Parma, also of Carniolia, Carinthia, Lusatia in bogs. V. uligi- 

 nosa, Schrad. in Rcem. et Schult. syst. p. 357. ; but this plant 

 is said by Link to be without runners. Perhaps F. scaturiginbsa, 

 Wallr. sched. 1. p. 97.? Flower purplish. Petals naked. 



Swamp Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. PI. | foot. 



59 V. LANGSDO'RFFII (Fisch. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.) 

 stigma marginate ? somewhat reflexed, obtuse ; stems at length 

 elongated, with the base oblique ; leaves roundish-cordate, 

 smoothish ; stipulas ovate, setaceously acuminated, and with bristly 

 teeth at the base ; sepals ovate, rather acute ; limb of lower petal 

 somewhat rhomboidal ; spur broadly saccate, very blunt. If. 

 H. Native of the island of Unalaschka. Flowers blue. 



Far. a , almost stemless ; capsules oblong-trigonal, obtuse ; 

 seeds large, somewhat pear-shaped, brown. V. odorata, var. in 

 herb. Banks. 



Far. ft ; caulescent? V. peduncularis, Langsdorff ex Fisch. 

 in litt. 



Langsdorff's Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. | foot 



60 V. MIRA'BILIS (Lin. spec. 1326.) stigma somewhat re- 

 flexed, naked ; stems rigid and are as well as footstalks villous ; 



