326 



VIOLARIE^E. IV. VIOLA. 



leaves smooth, cordately kidney-shaped, acuminated, crenate; sti- 

 pulas awl-shaped, entire ; 3 large sepals, oblong-acuminate ; spur 

 cylindrical, obtuse, long ; valves of capsule very much pointed ; 

 seeds pear-shaped, brown. Tf.. H. Native of woods and bushy 

 places of mountains nearly throughout the whole of the tempe- 

 rate and colder parts of Europe, particularly Germany and Sweden, 

 also of Siberia. Flowers pale blue ; the lower petal streaked 

 with violaceous veins. The specific name alludes to the fruit 

 being produced by apparently imperfect flowers, but this occurs 

 in several other species of Violet. 



Var. a, caulescens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 297.) radical flowers 

 corollate, usually abortive, cauline ones petalless, bearing seeds. 

 Jacq. fl. aust. 1. p. 19. Dill. elth. 408. t. 303. f. 390. 



Far. ft, acaulis (D. C. prod. 1. c.) peduncles all radical, Gmel. 

 fl. bad. 3. p. 519. in obs. 



Wonderful Violet. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1732. PI. 1 to 

 1| foot. 



61 V. MAGELLA'NICA (Forst. in comm. Goett. 9. p. 41. t. 8.) 

 stigma ? stem very short ; leaves kidney-shaped, hairy ; stipulas 

 lanceolate, acute, entire ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; 

 spur saccate. I/ . F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. 

 Flowers large, yellow, streaked with brown veins. Petals smooth 

 on the inside, or the 2 lateral ones are bearded. Spur short, blunt. 



Magellan Violet. PI. foot. 



62 V. MACULA' TA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 20. t. 539.) stigma rather 

 flat at the apex; stem short; leaves ovate, crenate, smooth, 

 spotted beneath ; stipulas ovate, fringed ; sepals lanceolate, 

 acuminated ; stamens emarginate at the apex ; spur short, ob- 

 tuse. 1^. F. Native of Chili as well as of the Straits of Ma- 

 gellan. Petals much bearded on the inside with clubbed pili, 

 the large petal obcordate, streaked with red lines. Flowers 

 yellow. In the specimens we have seen the leaves are cordate 

 and the 2 lateral petals bearded. 



Var. /3, megaphylla (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 297.) trunk 

 of root long, terete ; leaves elliptical or roundish-ovate. If. . F. 

 Native in woods at Duclos Bay, in the Straits of Magellan. V. 

 pyrolaefolia, var. a, Poir. diet. 8.p 636, exclusive of the country. 

 V. glandulosa, Dombey. herb. V. lutea megaphyllos, Commers. 



Spotied-\ea\ed Violet. PI. | foot. 



63 V. MICROPHY'LLA (Poir. diet. 8. p. 636.) stigma rather 

 flat at the apex ; stem none ; trunk of root very short ; leaves 

 ovate-lanceolate, crenulated, thickish, pubescent ; petioles stipu- 

 late at the base ; scape filiform, exceeding the leaves ; sepals 

 acute ; lateral petals bearded ; spur obtuse. If. . F. Native of 

 Patagonia on hills about Boucault Bay. V. pyrolaefolia, Poir. 

 diet. 1. c. V. lutea microphyllos, Commers. herb. Flowers 

 yellow. 



Small-leaved Violet. PI. \ foot. 



64 V. COMMERSO'NII (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 297.) stig- 

 ma ? stem very short ; stipulas broad-ovate, entire ? sepals 

 oblong-lanceolate, bluntish. If. . F. Native on the higher 

 mountains in the Straits of Magellan, above Fort Gallant. Flowers 

 white. Lateral petals bearded ? 



Commerson's Violet. PI. ^ foot. 



65 V. RA'DICANS (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 297.) trunk of 

 root horizontal, fibry ; stigma marginate, short- beaked ; leaves 

 ovate-lanceolate, tapering abruptly at the base or somewhat 

 cordate, serrated ; stipulas linear, awl-shaped, with bristly ser- 

 ratures ; sepals linear, acute ; flowers minute ; petals beardless ? 

 lower one smaller ; spur almost none, i; . H. Native of South 

 Carolina. Flowers yellowish ? or blue. 



Rooting Violet. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. PL -| foot. 



66 V. GLANDULIFERA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 452.) stigma ? 



stems erect, very slender ; leaves broad, kidney-shaped, toothed, 

 hairy, dotted with glands underneath, the lower ones shorter 

 than the petioles, the uppermost much longer ; peduncles axil- 



lary, as long or longer than the footstalks ; stipulas ovate, entire, 

 glandular ; spur very short. If. . H. Native of the frigid re- 

 gions of Gosaingsthan. Perhaps belonging to this section. 

 Gland-bearing Violet. Fl. July. PL | foot. 



67 V. HAMILTONIA'NA (D. Don. fl. nep. p. 206.) plant 

 smooth ; stems creeping ; leaves kidney-shaped, crenulated ; sti- 

 pulas lanceolate, acute, toothed ; peduncles hardly longer than 

 the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; spur short ; throat bearded. 

 If. . F. Native in Nipaul. Perhaps belonging to this section. 



Hamilton's Violet. PI. i foot. 



68 V. ARCUA'TA (Blum, bijdr. ex. Schlecht. Liniuea. 1. p. 

 645.) stems decumbent, smooth ; leaves kidney-shaped-orbicular, 

 acutish, serrated, with the veins pubescent ; stipulas ovate-ob- 

 long, ciliated, 3-nerved, somewhat serrated at the base. 1 . S. 

 Native of Java. Flowers blue ? Stigma unknown. 



Arched Violet. PI. decumbent. 



69 V. INCOKSPI'CUA (Blum. 1. c.) style incurved ; capsules el- 

 liptically-trigonal ; radical leaves hastately-cordate, crenulated, 

 tapering a little into the petiole. If. . S. Native of Java. Per- 

 haps this and the preceding belong to section Leptidium. 



Inconspicuous Violet. PI. ^ foot. 



70 V. STRIA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 290.) stig- 

 ma papillose, rather reflexed, with a bluntish beak ; stems 

 branched, flexuous ; leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated, smoothish ; 

 stipulas ovate-lanceolate, dentately-jagged ; sepals ovate-lanceo- 

 late, ciliated, emarginate behind ; capsules shortish, with rather 

 obtuse valves, 3-7-seeded. Seeds roundish, rufous. %. H. 

 Native in woods from Pennsylvania to Carolina. V. debilis, 

 Mich, not of Pursh, many species are confused under V. striata. 

 See Schwein. amer. journ. Flowers whitish streaked with pur- 

 ple veins. Two lateral petals bearded. 



Streaked-fiowered Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. PI. -| ft. 



71 V. DICHO'TOMA (Moc. et Sesse, mex. ined. and D. C. 

 prod. 1. p. 297.) stigma? stem dichotomous ; branches spread- 

 ing ; leaves cordate ; stipulas oblong, setosely-jagged at the top ; 

 sepals lanceolate, acute. Tj.. G. Native of Mexico. Very 

 nearly allied to V. striata. Flower violaceous. V. peduncu- 

 lata, Lamb. herb. 



Dichotcmous-branched Violet. PI. 1 foot. 



72 V. OCHROLEU'CA (Schwein. amer. journ. 1. c.) stigma tubu- 

 lar, curved a little, pubescent on the summit, stems assurgent ; 

 leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated, with the nerves rather 

 pubescent on the under side ; stipulas oblong, large, remotely 

 toothed ; sepals very narrow-lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers 

 large ; lateral petals densely bearded ; spur long. If . H. Na- 

 tive of North America, along the river called Dam-river, and in 

 the Saura mountains, but according to Pursh, from Pennsylvania 

 to Virginia in shady woods. Flowers cream-coloured, with pur- 

 ple veins. V. striata, Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 174. Nutt. 

 gen. 1. p. 150. Perhaps only a variety of V. striata. 



Cream-coloured-flowered Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1772, 

 PI. | foot. 



73 V. MUHLEXBERGIA'NA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 

 297.) stems flexuous, assurgent, simple ; leaves cordate-orbicu- 

 lar, acuminated, crenated, smooth ; spur very short, obtuse, sti- 

 pulas oblong, toothed ; sepals subulate ; lateral petals bearded ; 

 root fascicular. If. . H. Native of Pennsylvania and New Jer- 

 sey. V. uliginosaex Muhl. cat. no. 18, not of Schrad. nor Bess. 

 See Schwein. 1. c. Perhaps a variety of V. dichotoma. V. con- 

 spersa, Reichb. Flowers blueish. Spur long, obtuse. Stigma 

 beaked, ciliated below. 



Muhlenberg's Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? Pit. f foot. 



74 V. LEWISIA'NA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) 

 stems decumbent, stoloniferous ; leaves kidney-shaped and cor- 

 date ; stipulas large, ovate, very long and densely ciliated ; 

 flowers small, lower petal very minute, equal with the lateral 



