VIOLARIE^E. IV. VIOLA. 



327 



ones, which are furnished each with a white beard ; spur 

 shortish. T(.. H. Native of North America, on rocks in the 

 Saura mountains. V. repens, Schwein. 1. c. Flowers cream- 

 coloured. 



Lewis's Violet. PI. decumbent. 



75 V. RIVINIANA (Rchb. icon. t. 75. 94, 95.) stem erect, 

 branched ; leaves profoundly cordate, ovate, crenated, pubes- 

 cent above ; stipulas linear, fringed ; peduncles elongated ; supe- 

 rior appendages of calyx angular, permanent ; capsule acute. 

 %. H. Native of Europe in groves. This species differs from 

 V. canina in the stipulas being finely fringed and the leaves 

 being profoundly cordate, as well as in the capsule being acute. 

 Perhaps V. sylveslris of Kit. and V. cordata of Willd. are iden- 

 tical with this species. Spur curved ? 



Rivinus's Violet. Fl. April, Aug. PL \ foot. 



76 V. CANINA (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma papillose, somewhat 

 reflexed ; adult stems ascending, branched, glabrous ; leaves ob- 

 long, heart-shaped ; stipulas acuminated, serrated, or finely jag- 

 ged ; bracteas awl-shaped, entire ; sepals awl-shaped ; peduncles 

 glabrous ; capsules elongated, with acuminated valves ; seeds 

 pear-shaped, brown. Tj. . H. Native in woods, hedges, thickets, 

 and heathy grounds nearly throughout the whole of Europe, Ja- 

 pan, Persia, and the North-west coast of North America ; also in 

 the Canary Islands ; common in Britain. Smith, eng. bot. t. 

 620. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 61. fl. dan. t. 1453. V. sylvestris, 

 Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. C80. V. neglecta, Schm. fl. boh. no. 1. p. 51. 

 t. 313. but not of Bieb. There are many varieties of this plant 

 differing in height and form of leaves. Flowers blue, with 

 purple lines in the mouth, and a greenish, white, abrupt spur. 



Var. /3, minor (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 617.) stem very short ; 

 leaves kidney-heart-shaped, smoothish. "if. . H. Native of the 

 Pyrenees and Swiss Alps. 



Var. y, dlba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) flowers white, y.. H. 

 Native of Britain. V. canina flore albo, Dill, in Ray's synops. 364? 



Var. S, macrdntha (D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) flowers twice or 

 thrice larger than in the other varieties. 



Var, E ? Japbmca (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves scarcely cordate 

 at the base. Tf.. H. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. 



Dog Violet. Fl. Apr. Aug. Britain. PL | to | foot. 



77 V. FLAVICORNIS (Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 304.) stigma ? 

 stems ascending, woody, somewhat angular, much branched ; 

 leaves cordate, coriaceous, smooth and even ; stipulas and brac- 

 teas fringed ; sepals lanceolate ; peduncles erect; capsules shorter 

 and rounder than in V. canina. If. . H. Native of England in 

 pastures, and on banks in a gravelly soil, about Mitcham, 

 Surrey, and Norwich. Dill, in Ray's synops. 3C4. t. 24. f. 1. 

 Flowers half the size of V. canina, of a rather deeper blue, with 

 a short, blunt, yellowish spur. 



Yellow-spurred Violet. Fl. May, Jun. England. PL -| foot. 



78 V. NEGLE'CTA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 172.) stigma ? stem 

 erect, angular ; leaves cordate, smooth, with rather scabrous 

 margins ; flowers all corollate ; stipulas toothed on one side only ; 

 peduncles furnished with bracteas in the middle. If. . H. Native 

 ofTauria on the high mountains of Tschaturdag and Agudag, in 

 woods. Larger than V. canina, and the flowers are constantly 

 white. 



Neglected Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. PL i foot. 



79 V. EPI'PSILA (Ledeb. in Link, enum. 1. p. 241.) stigma 

 flat, with an incurved beak ; stem trailing ; leaves cordate-round- 

 ish, scarcely acuminated, glabrous ; segments of calyx obtuse, 

 drawn out at the base into bearded auricles ; spur short, blunt. 

 If. . H. Native of Siberia. Corolla pale blue, with the 2 lateral 

 petals slightly bearded. The name is probably derived from nri, 

 upon, and ^tXt/coj, naked, lightly armed, in allusion to the sepals 

 being bearded. 



//airy-sepalled Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1822. PL foot. 



80 V. PALMA'HIS (Hamilt. mss. ined. and D. C. prod. 1 

 p. 298. D. Don, prod. p. 205.) stigma ? stems branched ; 

 branches weak, sarmentose ; leaves cordate, acuminated, cre- 

 nated, rather pilose, on long petioles ; stipulas linear-lanceolate, 

 somewhat serrated ; sepals lanceolate, acute, glabrous, bidentate 

 at the base; petals elliptical, puberulous above; spur saccate. 

 %. F. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty, and near Bheempedi. 

 Flowers yellow. 



Hand- high Violet. Fl. Apr. Dec. Clt. 1824. PL | foot. 



81 V. ADU'NCA (Smith, in Rees' cycl.) stigma ? stem sim- 

 ple, ascending ; leaves somewhat heart-shaped, obtuse, crenate, 

 downy, dotted ; stipulas fringed ; peduncles longer than the 

 leaves ; nectaries hooked ; sepals much drawn out at the base ; 

 spur long, recurved ; two lateral petals downy at the base. Tf. . 

 H. Native of North America on the west coast. Habit of V. 

 canina, and the whole herb is minutely speckled like it, but 

 is easily distinguished by the strongly recurved spur, as well 

 as in the whole plant being more or less downy. Flowers blue ? 



Hooked- spurred Violet. PL ^ foot. 



82 V. DIFFU SA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) 

 stigma somewhat capitate, with a very short, blunt, naked, beak ; 

 stems simple, decumbent ; leaves ovate, crenate, tapering into 

 the footstalks, with the nerves and margins pilose ; stipulas 

 lanceolate, toothed, ciliated ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; nectaries 

 broad at the base, emarginate above on the outside. "if. . F. 

 Native of Nipaul. Very like V. Nuttallii of Pursh. Flowers 

 yellow. 



Diffuse Violet. PI. foot. 



83 V. PURPURA'SCENS (Schmidt, fl. boh. ex Spreng. syst. 1. 

 p. 799.) stem procumbent ; leaves reniform, cordate, bluntish ; 

 calyx acute; capsule pubescent; spur short, blunt. I/. H. 

 Native of Bohemia. Flowers purplish. Stigma unknown. 



Purplish Violet. PL procumbent. 



84 V. FRA GRANS (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 799.) stem 

 simple, 1 -flowered ; leaves spatulate-oblong, stalked, nerveless, 

 rather villous ; sepals acute ; spur short. T(. . H. Native of 

 Crete. Flowers blue ? sweet-scented. Stigma unknown. 



Fragrant Violet. PL J foot. 



85 V. ROSTRA'TA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) stigma 

 beaked ; beak somewhat erect, acute, naked ; stems simple, de- 

 cumbent ; leaves cordate, glabrous, serrated ; stipulas lanceolate, 

 awl-shaped, serrately- ciliated, glabrous ; spur straight, obtuse, 

 longer than the corolla. If. . H. Native on shady rocks near 

 Easttown, Pennsylvania, and on the Alleghany mountains. 

 Flowers pale-blue, externally purple ; petals all beardless ; 

 stigma clavate, without a beak. (Nutt.) Peduncles long. 



Beaked-spurred Violet. FL May, June. PL J foot. 



86 V. DE'BILIS (Pursh, fl. amer. sept 1. p. 174. not of 

 Michx.) stigma papillose, recurved, beaked ; stems almost sim- 

 ple, decumbent ; leaves reniform-cordate, acutish, smoothish, 

 serrulate or crenate ; stipulas lanceolate, serrate-ciliated ; sepals 

 lanceolate, glabrous ; petals oblong, 2 lateral ones bearded ; spur 

 long. 3. H. Native in low grounds from Pennsylvania to Ca- 

 rolina. V. canina, Walt. fl. carol. 219. Flower small, pale-blue. 



Weak-stemmed Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PL i foot. 



87 V. ARENA' RIA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 806.) glaucous, pubes- 

 cent ; stigma papillose, somewhat recurved ; stems simple, 

 rather erect ; leaves cordate-roundish ; stipulas erect, ciliately- 

 serrated ; sepals lanceolate- oblong, acute ; capsules turbinately- 

 elliptical, obtuse, pubescent ; seeds ovate, chesnut-coloured. 

 3. H. Native of sandy places in Vallais, Alps of Piedmont, 

 Provence, about Moscow, and in the Caucasus. V. Allioni, Pio. 

 diss. p. 20. t. 1. f. 2. V. glauca, Bieb. suppl. p. 165 ? V. ru- 

 pestris, Schm. fl. boh. cent. 3. t. 1. p. 50. t. 312. ? V. pusilla, 

 Schleich. in litt. V. livida, Kit. V. nummularifolia, Schleich, 

 Plant glaucous. Flowers blue. Spur obtuse. 



