338 



VIOLARIEjE. IX. IONIDIUM. 



linear-awl-shaped, quite entire, scariose ; lip large, broad, ob- 

 cordate ; filaments longer than the lobes of the anthers. %. S. 

 Native of Brazil in grassy fields near the village called Conten- 

 das, in the desert of the river St. Francisco. Petals pale-blue. 



Var. /j, dentatum (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 484.) lower leaves obso- 

 letely-toothed. 



Woolly lonidium. Fl. Sept. PI. to f foot. 



22 I. NA'NUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 484. t. 23. f. b.) 

 stem dwarf; leaves alternate, upper ones sometimes opposite, 

 acutish, toothed, but quite entire at the base, pubescent or 

 pilose ; footstalks hairy ; stipulas small, linear, acute ; sepals 

 lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, hairy ; lip of flower large, 

 transversely-elliptical, truncate and toothed at the apex, fj . S. 

 Native of Brazil in dry pastures, near the Fort called Belem, in 

 the province Rio Grande do Sul. Petals white, but yellow at 

 their base. 



Dwarf lonidium. Fl. Jan. Shrub 2 or 3 inches. 



23 I. BIGIBBOSUM (St, Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 418. t. 23. 

 f. d.) stem shrubby ; leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, acumi- 

 nated, obsoletely toothed, glabrous, with the middle nerve pu- 

 bescent ; flowers all axillary ; sepals finely ciliated ; lip of flower 

 ovate-oblong, obtuse, bigibbose at the base of the claw, fj . S. 

 Native of Brazil in old woods near the town of St. Carlos, in the 

 province of St. Paul. Petals greenish. 



Bigibbous-lipped lonidium. Fl. Oct. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



24 I. OPPOSITIFOLIUM (Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 395. St. 

 Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 487.) stem suffruticose, branched; 

 leaves opposite, almost sessile, lanceolate-linear, remotely ser- 

 rated, but very entire at the apex, with scabrous margins ; 

 stipulas awl-shaped ; flowers in racemes ; calyx glabrous ; lip of 

 flower transversely-elliptical, with rounded sides. ^ . S. Na- 

 tive of Brazil in the sand on the banks of the river Jiquitinhonha, 

 on the confines of the provinces of Bahia and Minas Geraes. 

 Viola oppositifolia, Lin. spec. 1327. Petals violaceous. 



Opposite-leaved lonidium. Fl. July. PI. \ to 1 foot. 



2. Lip almost sessile, hardly twice the length of the calyx, 



25 I. ATROPURPU'REUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 490.) 

 stem suffruticose ; lower leaves ovate, upper ones lanceolate, all 

 acuminated and acute, obsoletely serrated, glabrous ; stipulas 

 caducous ; flowers all racemose, small ; sepals finely ciliated ; 

 lip of flower orbicular, scarcely larger than the lateral petals. 



i? . S. Native of Brazil on the margins of woods on the moun- 

 tain called Serra-da-Estrada-Nova, a little distance from Rio 

 Janeiro ; also in cultivated places, and in the cut down woods 

 called Capueiras, .near a farm called Uba. Lip of flower dark- 

 purple. 



Dark-purple-\ipiped lonidium. Fl. Nov. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 



26 I. THESIIFOLIUM (D. C. mss. et prod. 1. p. 309.) stem erect, 

 simple, glabrous ; leaves alternate, narrow, very long, glabrous, 

 quite entire ; stipulas and sepals awl-shaped ; petals scarcely 

 longer than the calyx. !(.. S. Native of Senegal and other 

 parts of Guinea. Viola thesiifolia, Poir. diet. 8. p. 649. 

 Flowers very small, pale-blue. 



Thesium-leaved lonidium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl.-|ft. 



27 I. LINIFOLIUM (D. C. mss. et prod. 1. p. 309.) stem erect, 

 puberulous ; leaves alternate, linear, narrow, smooth ; stipulas 

 awl-shaped. ? S. Native of Madagascar. Viola linifolia, 

 Poir. diet. 8. p. 647. Flowers pale-blue. 



Flax-leaved lonidium. Fl. June, July. PL \ foot. 



28 I. POLYGAUEFOLIUM (Vent. malm. t. 27.) stems branched, 

 diffuse, procumbent ; branches puberulous ; leaves opposite, 

 lanceolate, rather entire ; stipulas lanceolate, one-half shorter 

 than the leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong, acute, pubescent ; lip 

 spatulate, rounded at the apex, exceeding the calyx ; nectarial 

 scales fleshy; capsules roundish, trigonal, l-5-seeded ; seeds 



somewhat globose, shining, black, with the sides flattened ; 

 cotyledons reniform. \ . S. Native of New Spain, and near 

 Mexico. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 376. t. 496. 

 Solea verticillata, Spreng. in Schrad. journ. bot. 1800. vol. 2. p. 

 190. t. 6. Viola verticillata, Orteg. dec. 4. p. 50. Flowers 

 greenish-yellow or white. 



Milkwort-leaved lonidium. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub 



1 foot. 



29 I. URTIC.SF6LIUM (Mart. mat. med. bras, ex Spreng. syst. 

 append, p. 98.) branches covered with clammy pubescence ; 

 leaves almost sessile, somewhat cordate, ovate, acute, serrated, 

 smooth ; peduncles few-flowered ; sepals entire ; lower petals 

 square. If.. S. Native of Brazil. Solea urticaefolia, Spreng. 

 1. c. Flowers white or bluish. Root emetic. 



Nettle-leaved lonidium. PI. 1 foot. 



30 I. GRA'CILE (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon, and D. C. 

 prod. 1. p. 309.) stems erectish, almost simple ; leaves alternate, 

 oblong, entire ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, one-half shorter than 

 the leaves ; petals scarcely longer than the calyx, lower one 

 hardly larger than the rest ; seeds ovate, black. 1 . S. Native 

 of Mexico. Perhaps a variety of /. polygalcefblium. 



Slender lonidium. PI. \ foot. 



31 I. VISCI'DULUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 377.) 

 stem woody, erect, branched, clammy ; leaves opposite, lanceo- 

 late, glabrous, remotely serrulate ; stipulas awl-shaped, minute ; 

 sepals ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; lip with a long claw, very 

 broad, ovate, acute, dilated and concave at the base ; the lateral 

 petals length of the claw of the superior petal ; 2 anterior sta- 

 mens, each furnished at the base with a gland ; terminal mem- 

 branes acute. Jj . S. Native in humid sandy places near An- 

 gustura on the banks of the Orinoco. Flowers sweet-scented, 

 white ; but with the lip spotted with yellow at the base. 



Fzsczrf-branched lonidium. Shrub \ to 1 foot. 



32 I. RIPA RIUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 378.) 

 stem herbaceous, erect, somewhat branched, pubescent ; lower 

 leaves opposite, lanceolate, crenate-serrated ; glabrous, some- 

 what ciliated ; stipulas awl-shaped, minute ; sepals lanceolate, 

 acuminated or awl-shaped, ciliated ; lip unguiculate, ovate-round- 

 ish, saccate and concave at the base ; lateral petals one-half 

 shorter than the rest, all ciliated towards the base ; filaments 

 almost wanting, 2 anterior ones furnished each with a scale- 

 formed gland ; terminal membranes acute ; capsules ovate- 

 globose, somewhat compressed, shining, brown. 0. S. Native 

 of the kingdom of New Granada near Angostura de Carare, on 

 the banks of the river Magdalena, at the height of 360 feet. I. 

 attenuatum, Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 402. 

 Flowers blue. 



River-side lonidium. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 



33 I. VERBENA'CEUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 

 379. t, 497.) stem herbaceous, erect, somewhat branched, pu- 

 bescent ; leaves alternate, ovate-elliptical, acute, running into 

 the footstalk at the base, crenate-serrated, hairy on both sur- 

 faces ; stipulas linear-awl-shaped, puberulous, somewhat longer 

 than the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, 

 ciliated ; lip with a long claw, roundish-elliptic, furnished with 



2 gibbosities at the base, twice or thrice longer than the calyx ; 

 lateral petals a little longer than the calyx ; filaments short, 2 

 inferior, gibbous at the base, in consequence of each being fur- 

 nished with a gland ; terminal membranes emarginate. O- S. 

 Gathered in the gardens of Mexico. Flowers pale-blue. 



Vervain-like lonidium. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. | ft. 



34 I. CIRC^EOI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 379. 

 t. 498.) stem herbaceous, erect, simple, puberulous ; leaves op- 

 posite, ovate, acuminated, serrate, glabrous, rounded at the base; 

 stipulas glabrous, linear, falcate, almost equalling the footstalks 

 in length ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; lip 



