VIOLARIE^E. LX. IONIDIUM. X. HYBANTHUS. 



339 



with a long claw, roundish-ovate, obtuse, 5 times longer than the 

 calyx ; lateral petals 3 times shorter than the lower one, ob- 

 long, falcate, narrowed in the middle, hence they appear as if 

 furnished with an obtuse lobule on each side below ; filaments 

 short, 2 inferior ones furnished each with a gland at the base ; 

 terminal membranes emarginate ; capsules glabrous, roundish- 

 ovate, trigonal, 3 times longer than the calyx, 6 -seeded, with 

 oblong valves ; immature seeds globosely-ovate, flattish, carun- 

 culate. O- S. Native near Guayaquil in shady places on the 

 shore of the Pacific ocean. Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schult. 

 syst. 5. p. 401. Flowers violaceous. 



Circcea-like lonidium. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. 



35 1. GLUTIN0 1 SUM (Vent. malm. no. 27. in adn.) stems erect- 

 ish, pubescent, clammy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering a 

 great way into the footstalk, sharply-toothed ; stipulas awl- 

 shaped, shorter than the footstalks of the leaves ; lip obcordate. 

 I/. . G. Native of Buenos Ay res. Viola glutinosa, Poir. diet. 

 8. p. 647. Calyx, when dry, greenish, not violaceous, as in the 

 following, to which it is very much akin. 



Clammy lonidium. Fl. PI. foot. 



36 I. PARVIFLO'RUM (Vent. malm. p. 27. in adn.) shrubby, 

 branched, diffuse ; branches elongated, puberulous ; leaves alter- 

 nate, ovate, serrated, tapering a little way into the footstalk ; 

 stipulas lanceolate, awl-shaped, scarcely the length of the foot- 

 stalks of the leaves ; peduncles glabrous, rising above the leaves ; 

 sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute ; lip 3 times longer than the calyx, 

 ovate, 2-lobed, with the lobes roundish and spreading ; nectarial 

 scales somewhat clavate ; capsules roundish, trigonal, 3 times 

 longer than the calyx, 3-5-seeded. Tj . S. Native in the warmer 

 regions of South America near Santa-Fe-de-Bogota. H. B. et 

 Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 375. Viola parviflora, Lin. fil. 

 suppl. 396. Flowers purplish. The roots are yellow, and 

 are used instead of Ipecacuanha in the southern parts of the 

 province of St. Paul in Brazil as well as in Peru. 



Var. fl ? branches very long. Viola filiformis, Ruiz, et Pav. 

 ined. Native of Peru. 



Small-lowered lonidium. Fl. June, July. Shrub procumbent. 



37 I. MICROPHY'LLUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 

 374. t. 495.) shrubby, branched, diffuse ; branches pubescent ; 

 leaves opposite, elliptical-oblong, acute, serrated, rather pilose, 

 ciliated ; peduncles 3 times longer than the leaves, marked with 

 a puberulous line ; stipulas lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated, 3 times 

 longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong, 

 acute ; lip somewhat fiddle-shaped ; double the length of the calyx ; 

 nectarial scales somewhat ovate, capsules roundish-elliptical, 

 trigonal, 3-6-seeded. Jj . S. Native among stones near Lac- 

 tacunga in Quito, at the height of 4440 feet. Viola microce- 

 phala, Bonpl. ined. Viola microphylla, Willd. herb. Viola par- 

 viflora, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391. Flowers purplish. 



Small-leaved lonidium. Shrub procumbent. 



f- Species not sufficiently known. 



38 I. ? CLAYTONIOI'DES (Roam, et Schult. syst. 5. p. 402.) 

 stem furnished with one perfoliate leaf. Native ? 



Claytonic-like lonidium. PI. ^ foot. 



39 I.? ERE'CTUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) 

 stem straight, filiform, roughish ; leaves linear, mucronate, re- 

 motely denticulated, straight ; stipulas lanceolate, ciliated, ad- 

 pressed ; flowers solitary, axillary, nodding. Native of the 

 East Indies. Viola erecta, Roth. nov. spec. 165. Flowers 

 very small. 



Erect lonidium. PI. J foot. 



40 I. ? SUFFRUTICO V SUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 

 311.) stems procumbent, roughish; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 

 serrated, somewhat pubescent ; stipulas lanceolate, pilose, at 

 length spreading, form of prickles ; flowers axillary, equal be- 



hind, nodding. Tj . ? S. Native of the East Indies. Viola 

 suffruticosa, Roth. nov. spec. 165. 



Snffraticose lonidium. Shrub procumbent. 



41 I. ? FRUTE'SCENS (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) 

 stems ascending, roughish, shrubby at the base ; leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous, somewhat ciliated, serrated ; 

 stipulas setaceous, erect, pilose ; flowers axillary, solitary, equal 

 behind, nodding. Tj . ? S. Native of the East Indies. Viola 

 frutescens, Roth. nov. spec. 167. 



Frutescent lonidium. Shrub |- foot. 



42 I. ? BREVICAU LE (Mart, in litt. and D. C. prod. 1 . p. 3 1 1 .) 

 stem short, ascending ; leaves crowded, almost sessile, alternate, 

 ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, pubescent. Native of Brazil. 



Short-stemmed lonidium. PI. -J- foot. 



43 I. LINEA'TUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) 

 branches procumbent ; leaves opposite, ovate, lined, stalked, 

 under surface pubescent ; stipulas awl-shaped. fj . ? S. Native 

 of Cuba. Viola lineata, Orteg. dec. 4. p. 49. Lower petal or 

 lip violaceous, with a white claw ; lateral ones violaceous, upper 

 one white. 



Var. ft ? lower leaves obovate, smoothish. Native of Cuba. 

 Viola lineata, herb. hort. monsp. 



Lined-leaved. lonidium. Shrub procumbent. 



44 I.? CALCEOI.A'RIUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 

 311.) stem branched, pilose; leaves opposite, elliptic-lanceolate, 

 tapering into the footstalk, somewhat stem-clasping; stipulas 

 awl-shaped; sepals awnedly-acuminated, glabrous. Q. S. 

 Native of Mexico. Calceolaria, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. 

 not of Poir. Perhaps the Viola calcaria labello obovato retuso 

 of Loefl. itin. p. 183. no. 1. 



<S7i/>^er-flowered lonidium. PI. 1 foot. 



45 I. ? LONGIFO'LIUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and 

 D. C, prod. 1. p. 311. but not of Roem. et Schult.) stems sim- 

 plish ; leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear, rarely serrated, very 

 acute ; stipulas lanceolate, somewhat longer than the footstalks ; 

 peduncles 3 times longer than the leaves. I/ . S. Native of 

 Mexico. 



Long-leaved lonidium. PI. 1 foot. 



Cult. These plants grow best in a mixture of loam, sand, and 

 peat, and young cuttings of the stove and green-house perennials 

 and shrubs will root freely if planted in sand under a bell-glass. 

 The annual species may be sown in pots and plunged in a gentle 

 hot-bed, and when the plants have attained two or three inches 

 in height, they should be planted separately into small pots, and 

 shifted from time to time as they grow, and about the end of 

 June they may be removed into the green-house, where they will 

 ripen their seed : or they may be planted out in the open border 

 about the end of May, in front of a south wall. 



X. HYBA'NTHUS (from vftoe, hybos, a tuber, and avSoc, 

 anthos ; in allusion to the form of the spur.) Jacq. amer. 77. 

 H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 385. D. C. prod. 1. p. 311. 



LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogynia. Sepals unequal, run- 

 ning into the pedicel at the base, but not appendiculated. Pe- 

 tals unequal ; lower one saccate at the base, longer than the 

 rest, channelled in the middle and dilated at the apex into a 2- 

 lobed limb, the rest shorter and 3-nerved. Stamens oblong, 

 connate between themselves into a disk at the base ; anthers 

 inserted low down, two lower ones with contiguous obliterated 

 cells, and furnished each with a nectarial shell-formed gland at 

 the base ; these glands are drawn in within the swelling of the 

 lower petal. Capsules obovate, few-seeded. Inelegant, usually 

 spiny shrubs, with the appearance of Jtiindia. Leaves scat- 

 tered, those on the branches alternate, and somewhat fasciculate 

 on the stems. Peduncles on the sides, or lateral, solitary, or 

 many crowded together, bifid at the apex. Flowers pedicellate, 

 Xx 2 



