VIOLARIEVE. IV. VIOLA. 



329 



pulas awl-shaped, entire ; spur obtiue, very short. Tj . G. 

 Native of the north of Africa in fissures of rocks. V. arho- 

 rescens y serratifolia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299. Flowers small, 

 pale-blue, sometimes white. 



Var. fi, latifolia ; leaves rhomboidal-spatulate, remotely- 

 toothed. fj . G. V. arborescens S, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299. 



Corky Violet. Fl. April, May. Shrub decumbent. 



101 V. AKBOREA (Forsk. fl. yem. CXX.) stigma? stem round 

 at the base, angular at the top, erect, simple ; leaves oblong, 

 pointed at both ends, remotely toothed ; stipulas awl-shaped, 

 entire ; spur very blunt, small. fj . F. Native of Arabia in 

 Yemen. Perhaps the same as V. suberosa. Flowers probably 

 pale-blue. 



Tree Violet. Fl. April, June. Shrub 1| foot. 



SECT. II. DISCHI'DIUM (from Sis, dis, twice, a-^t^ia, schizo, to 

 cut ; in allusion to the 2-lobed stigma.) Ging. mss. D. C. prod. 

 1. p. 300. Stigmas without a beak, more or less 2-lobed at 

 the apex, with a little hole situated between the lobes. Style 

 tapering from the top to the bottom. Seeds oblong, approximate. 

 Torus flattish. Capsules usually trigonal, few-seeded. Seminal 

 leaves usually roundish. Small stemless plants, or with very 

 short stems. Petals of all probably smooth. 



102 V. PYGM^'A (Poir. diet. 8. p. 630.) stigma 2-lobed ? lobes 

 diverging ; trunk of root thick, perpendicular ; leaves much 

 crowded, linear, acute, sessile, with scabrous margins ; sepals 

 linear; spur shortish; petals apiculate, smooth. %. H. Native 

 on the Andes of Peru in the coldest places. V. alpina, Ruiz, 

 et Pavon, in herb. Deless. ined. Flowers apparently purple. 



Pygmy Violet. PI. 1 inch. 



103 V. COTY'LEDON (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. l.p. 300.) 

 stigma bifid ; lobes reflexed ; trunk of root thick, twisted ; 

 leaves much crowded, rhomb-spatulate, tapering at the base 

 into the footstalk a long way, smooth, with cartilaginous entire 

 margins ; sepals linear ; spur very short. 1 . G. Native on 

 high mountains in Chili. Capsule trigonal, oblong, with the 

 peduncles spirally twisted at the top ; seeds ovate, 9-10, dark. 

 Flowers probably purple. 



Cotyledon Violet. PI. | foot. 



104 V. TRIDENTA'TA (Menzies, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 

 300.) stigma ? stems much branched, procumbent ; leaves 

 crowded, obovate- wedge-shaped, 3 -toothed at the apex, coria- 

 ceous, smooth ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; spur very short. T; . F. 

 Native of Statenland on the peaks of mountains among snow. 

 A tufted plant, more resembling A. saxifraga than A. viola. 



Three-toothed-\ea.\e&. Violet. Shrub J foot. 



105 V. WALLICHIA'NA (Ging. mss. andD. C. prod. 1. p. 300.) 

 stigma bifid ? lobes lamellated, divaricating ; leaves reniform or 

 cordate, hairy on the nerves ; stipulas lanceolate, denticulated ; 

 sepals awl-shaped ; spur awl-shaped, length of petals. 7. H. 

 Native of Nipaul towards the summit of Sheopore. Habit of 

 V, biflora. Flowers like those of V, rostrata. V. reniformis, 

 Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 451. Stem beset with a few shining hairs. 

 Spur jointed, descending ; nectary elongated, capillary ; lower 

 petal obovate-wedge-shapecl, apiculated. Flowers small, yellow, 

 sweet-scented. 



Wallich's Violet. PI. 2 inches. 



106 V. BIFLORA (Lin. spec. 1326.) stem erect, about 2- 

 flowered ; stigma bifid ; lobes thick, diverging ; leaves reniform, 

 serrated, smooth ; stipulas ovate ; sepals linear ; petals smooth ; 

 spur very short ; seeds round-ovoid, brownish, obscurely dotted. 

 y.. H. Native on humid mountains almost throughout the 

 whole of Europe, Siberia, and the western coast of North Ame- 

 rica. Sims, bot. mag. 2089. Fl. dan. t. 46. Pluk. aim. t. 

 233. f. 7. and t. 234. f. 1. Flowers small, yellow, with the lip 

 streaked with black. Roots creeping. There is a variety of 



VOL. i. PART iv. 



this plant bearing only one flower on each stem. See J. Bauli. 

 hist. 3. p. 545. f. 1. 



Two-famered Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1752. PL 3 inches. 



107 V. CALEYA'NA ; caulescent; stems slender, spotted; 

 leaves reniform-cordate, or cordate, mucronulate, crenated ; sti- 

 pulas lanceolate, acute, with one tooth on each side at the base ; 

 peduncles longer than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, entire, acute ; 

 petals smooth ; spur a hollow pouch. If . F. Native of New 

 Holland. Habit of V. biflvra and the flowers are about the 

 same size. Stigma unknown. 



Caley's Violet. PL to foot. 



SECT. III. CHAHLEMELA'NIUM (from xap.ai, chamai, dwarf, 

 and jutXae ^eXavoe, melas melanos, black, in opposition to the 

 next section.) Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 300. Stigma 

 round, capitate, ornamented on both sides below with a fascicle 

 of hairs, and with a minute sublateral hole at the tip. Style 

 compressed, clavate. Stamens oblong, approximate. Torus flat- 

 tish. Capsules usually trigonal. Seminal leaves usually roundish. 

 Two lateral petals bearded at the base. 



108 V. TRIPARTITA (Ell. sket. 1. p. 302.) leaves 3-5, lobed, 

 pubescent ; lobes lanceolate-toothed ; stipulas ovate, entire or 

 serrulated ; sepals acute. If. H. Native of Georgia near 

 Athens. Flowers yellow, on long slender peduncles. Perhaps 

 V. hastata var. /3 villosa of Le Conte. 



Three-parted-leaved Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PL 

 i foot. 



109 V. NUTTA'LLII (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) smooth ; 

 stem simple, erectish ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, entire or obscurely 

 toothed, tapering down the footstalk, with the nerves and mar- 

 gins pubescent ; stipulas long, linear-lanceolate, entire ; sepals 

 lanceolate, acute, entire behind ; lateral petals bearded. If . H. 

 Native on the banks of the Missouri near the confluence of Rock 

 River. Flowers small, yellow, but purplish on the under side. 

 This is the only species of Violet on the plains of the Missouri 

 from the confluence of the river Platte to Fort Mandan. 



Nuttall's Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. PL J foot. 



110 V. PR^MO'KSA (Doug. mss. in bot. reg. 1254.) stemless; 

 peduncles longer than the leaves ; leaves ovate-oblong, hairy, 

 entire ; stipulas lanceolate, quite entire ; sepals linear, pilose. 

 If . H. Native of North America on the banks of the river 

 Columbia, and the plains of the river Aguilar in California. 

 Flowers yellow ; petals beardless ? the lower one streaked at the 

 base. Root thick, fleshy, praemorse. Like V. Nuttdllii. 



Preemorse- rooted Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1828. PL J ft. 



111 V. HASTA V TA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 149.) smooth; 

 stem simple, erect ; leaves cordate-ovate, rarely halbert-shaped, 

 serrated, smooth ; stipulas small, awl-shaped, toothed ; sepals 

 lanceolate, acute, sub-dentate ; spur very short. If . H. Native 

 of North America in Georgia near Athens, but according to 

 Pursh. on high mountains from Pennsylvania to Carolina. 

 Elliot, sket. p. 151. Flowers yellow, purplish on the under 

 side. Leaves usually marked with discoloured dots. 



Var. ft, glaberrima (D. C. prod. 1. p. 300.) leaves rhom- 

 boidal-lanceolate. 3f . H. Native of North Carolina in woods 

 and on hills. 



Halbert-leaveA Violet. Fl. May, Ju, Clt. 1S23. PL 4 to f ft. 



112 V. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 1326.) smooth; leaves ovate, 

 cordate, crenated, acuminated, with downy nerves ; stipulas lan- 

 ceolate, entire, membranous; sepals lanceolate, awl-shaped, 

 entire ; petals entire ; spur very short, somewhat saccate ; cap- 

 sules oblong, trigonal, very blunt ; seeds roundish-ovate, ches- 

 nut-coloured. If. . H. Native of North America on mountains 

 in shady woods, in rich moist situations from Canada to Carolina. 

 Flowers outside purplish-blue, inside white and elegantly veined, 

 sweet-scented. Stigma a little pubescent. 



U u 



