330 



VIOLARIEyE. IV. VIOLA. 



Var. a ; stipulas narrow-lanceolate. V. Canadensis, Ell. 

 sket. p. 301. 



Var. ft ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, ciliated ; bracteas ciliated 

 in the middle. V. albiflora, Link, enum. 1. p. 241. Flowers 

 pure white. 



Canadian Violet. Fl. June. Clt. 1783. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



113 V. FUBE'SCENS (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 290.) 

 villous ; stems simple, rather decumbent ; leaves cordate, acu- 

 minated, serrated ; stipulas large, ovate, serrated at the top or 

 entire ; sepals oblong-lanceolate ; spur very short, somewhat sac- 

 cate ; ovary smooth. l/.H. Native of North America in shady 

 woods, among rocks, particularly limestone rocks, from New 

 York to Virginia, abundant about Philadelphia. Flowers yellow. 

 Stigma with two tufts of hairs. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 223. 



Pubescent Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. PI. i foot. 



114 V. ERIOCA'RPA (Schwein, amer. journ. 5. no. l.)roughish; 

 stems assurgent, branched ; leaves cordate, acute, sometimes 

 reniform ; stipulas ovate-serrate ; spur very short, somewhat sac- 

 cate ; fruit densely villous. Tf. . H. Native of North Carolina. 

 Sweet, fl. gard. t. 102. V. pubescens ft. Ker. bot. reg. 390. 

 Flowers yellow. This plant differs from V. Pennsylvania, in 

 the whole plant being villous, not pubescent, as well as in the 

 stem being branched. Stigma with 2 lateral tufts of hairs. 



Woolly-fruited Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. j ft. 



115 V. PENNSYLVA'NICA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 149.) 

 pubescent ; stem simple, erect ; leaves cordate, acuminated, 

 serrated ; stipulas oblong-ovate, serrated at the apex or entire ; 

 spur short ; ovary densely villous. I/ . H. Native of North 

 America, abundant about Philadelphia. Flowers yellow. Stigma 

 ornamented with 2 lateral tufts of hairs. 



Pennsylvanian Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. PI. ft. 



116 V. UNIFLORA (Lin. spec. 1327.) radical leaves reniform, 

 stem ones ovate, acuminated, deeply-toothed, pubescent ; stipulas 

 lanceolate-awl-shaped, furnished with glandular teeth ; sepals 

 ovate: spur broad, short, saccate. %. H. Native of Siberia 

 in boggy places. Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 101. t. 48. f. 5. Flowers 

 yellow. Leaves large, two on the top of each stem. 



One-flowered Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. PI. | foot. 



117 V. MACRO'CERAS (Ledeb. icon. pi. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 219.) 

 stemless, smooth ; leaves cordate, crenate-serrated, acute ; pe- 

 duncles almost equal in length to the leaves ; sepals bluntish, 

 smooth, shorter than the thick, cylindrical spur ; two lateral 

 petals bearded ; stigma bearded. T. H. Native of Siberia in 

 humid places on the banks of rivulets near Buchtorninsk. Root 

 thick, articulated. Flowers violet, sweet-scented. Like V. 

 Kamtschatica of Ging. We have placed this plant in this sec- 

 tion on account of its having a bearded stigma. 



Long-horned Violet. Fl. April, May. PI. i foot. 



SECT. IV. MELA'NIUM (a name given to V. tricolor by some 

 old botanists ; it is derived from /ue\ac ptXavof, melas melanos, 

 black ; because of the dark colour of the flowers of some of the 

 varieties of that plant.) D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 301 Jacea, 

 D. C. fl. fr. Violse tricolores of old authors. Stigma urceolate, 

 ornamented on both sides below, with a fascicle of hairs, and 

 furnished with a large aperture with a lip at the bottom. 

 Style tapering from the top to the bottom. Stamens triangular, 

 connected. Torus concave, and therefore the ovary appears half 

 inferior. Capsules obsoletely 6-sided. Seeds very numerous, 

 40-60. Seminal leaves usually ovate. The 3 lower petals have 

 bearded claws. Stipulas all toothed or bristly-serrated. 



118 V. NUMMULARIFOLIA (All. ped. no. 1640. t. 9. f. 4.) 

 very smooth ; stems branched, decumbent ; leaves roundish, 

 entire ; stipulas lanceolate, 3-cleft or bristly-toothed ; sepals 

 oblong ; spur shortish. I/ . H. Native on rocks in the Alps 



of Piedmont and Dauphiny. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 804. Flowers 

 blue, with darker stripes. 



Var. ft, minima (D. C. prod. 1. p. 301.) I/. H. Native of 

 the Alps of Corsica. Bocc. mus. 2. p. 163. t. 127. 



Money-wort-leaved Violet or Pansy. Fl. May, June. Clt. 

 1820. PI. | foot. 



119 V. ALPI NA (Jacq. obs. 1. p. 21. t. 1 1 .) stem very short ; 

 leaves tufted, ovate-roundish, somewhat cordate, crenated, on 

 long footstalks ; stipulas lanceolate, scarcely toothed, adhering ; 

 sepals oblong, bluntish ; spur tubular, blunt, shorter than the 

 sepals. 11 . H. Native on the summits of the loftiest moun- 

 tains of Austria, and the Carpathian mountains. Flowers dark- 

 blue, with darker stripes. . 



Alpine Violet or Pansy. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. i ft. 



120 V. CORNU'TA (Lin. spec. 1325.) root fibrous, stems as- 

 cending, diffuse ; leaves cordate-ovate, crenated, ciliated ; sti- 

 pulas obliquely-cordate, toothed, ciliated ; sepals awl-shaped ; 

 spur awl-shaped, elongated and abrupt at the base. I/. H. 

 Native of Switzerland and the Pyrenees, and on mount Atlas. 

 D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 810. Curt. bot. mag. t. 791. A tufted plant, 

 with pale-blue flowers. 



Horned Violet or Pansy. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1776. PI. | ft. 



121 V. CENISIA (All. ped. no. 1641.) trunk of root some- 

 what fusiform, woody ; stems diffuse, procumbent, undivided ; 

 leaves spatulate-ovate, entire ; stipulas obovate, stalked, un- 

 divided ; calyxes pubescent ; spur tubular, awl-shaped, acute, 

 thrice as long as the hind lobes of the calyx. If. . H. Native 

 on rocks in the Alps of Switzerland, Piedmont, and Provence. 

 Flowers blue. 



Var. a, ovatifblia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 301.) leaves all oval, 

 hardly pubescent. V. Cenisia, All. fl. ped. t. 22. f. 6. D. C. 

 fl. fr. 4. p. 805. 



Var. ft, diversifblia (D. C. prod. 1. c.) lower leaves ovate, 

 upper ones oblong, tomentosely-pubescent. "if. . H. Native of 

 the Pyrenees. V. Cenisia, Lapeyr. abr. Like V. Cheiranthi- 

 folia. 



Mount-Cents Violet or Pansy. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. 

 PI. foot. 



122 V. VALDE'RIA (All. ped. 2. p. 98. t. 24. f. 3.) trunk of 

 root fusiform ; stems diffuse, procumbent, undivided; leaves 

 all oblong and rather hispid and sinuated ; stipulas palmate ; 

 spur tubular, slender, longer than the calyx. Tf. . H. Native of 

 Piedmont. Flowers purple. Perhaps only a variety of the last. 



Valderian Violet or Pansy. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1759. PI. ft. 



123 V. MINU'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 173.) stems simple, one- 

 flowered, flaccid ; leaves roundish, crenated ; stipulas ovate, 

 entire, ciliated ; spur scarcely the length of sepals. If. . H. 

 Native of Iberia. Perhaps a variety of V. alpina. Flowers 

 blue, about the size of those of V. odorata. 



Minute-flowered Violet, or Pansy. PL 1 inch. 



124 V. GRA'CILIS (Smith, fl. graec. t. 222.) root creeping, stem 

 branched, angular, diffuse ; leaves lanceolate, somewhat crenate, 

 the upper ones crowded, opposite, either smooth or downy; stipu- 

 las deeply 3-cleft ; spur slender, much longer than the auricles of 

 the calyx, which are toothed. If . H. Native on mount Etna. 

 V. calcarata, var. E. Jithnensis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 302. Cup. 

 pamph. ed. bonon. t. 138. Bracteas toothed at the base in a 

 hastate manner. Flowers about the size of V. lutea, of a dull 

 purplish blue, occasionally yellow. 



Slender Violet, or Pansy. Fl. June, July. PI. | foot. 



125 V. CHEIRANTHIFO'LIA (H. B. pi. aequ. 1. p. 111. t. 32.) 

 velvety ; root thick, woody ; stems ascending ; leaves lanceo- 

 late, quite entire, tapering into the footstalk ; stipulas linear ; 

 spur tubular, rather acute, scarcely the length of the sepals. 

 If. . G. Native of the Canary Islands, at the top of the moun- 

 tain called Pico-Teyde. Flowers violaceous. 



