332 



ovate, but the lower ones are somewhat cordate, crenate, fringed ; 

 stipulas pinnatifid, rather lyrate ; spur tubular, obtuse, shorter 

 than the sepals ; nectaries shorter than the stamens ; seeds ob- 

 long-obovate. I/. H. Native on cretaceous rocks, and in 

 fields from Rouen to Melda. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 809. Pio. diss. 

 t. 2. Sims, bot. mag. 1498. V. hispida, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 679. 

 V. pilSsa, Donn, cant. ed. 3. p. 40. Scarcely differing from V. 

 tricolor. Flowers bright blue, the side petals and lip striped 

 with black. Bracteas near the flower, large, lanceolate, with a 

 tooth on each side. 



Rouen Violet, or Pansy. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1781. Pl.^ft. 



137 V. DECLINA'TA (Walds. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 248. t. 223.) 

 root rather fusiform ; stem branched, declinate ; leaves lanceo- 

 late, oblong, smooth, crenate ; stipulas pinnatifid, ciliated ; spur 

 thick, blunt ; sepals elongated, y . H. Native of Hungary, 

 Transylvania, and Italy, among broken rocks. V. tricolor, S, 

 declinata, Ging. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 303. Flowers pale 

 blue, larger than the calyx. 



Declinate Violet, or Pansy. Fl. May, August. Clt. 1817. 

 PI. i foot. 



138 V. TRI'COLOK (Lin. spec. 1326.) root somewhat fusi- 

 form ; steins branched, diffuse ; lower leaves ovate-cordate, 

 deeply crenate ; stipulas runcinately-pinnatifid, with the middle 

 lobe crenated ; petals incumbent, with short claws ; spur thick, 

 obtuse, not stretched out ; nectaries short ; seeds oblong-ovate. 

 O- H. Native in cultivated fields and gardens throughout Eu- 

 rope, Siberia, and North America ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, 

 eng. bot. t. 1287. Woodv. suppl. t. 252. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. 

 t. 65. Bracteas very small, scarcely evident. Petals very vari- 

 able in colour and size. This fs a very variable species, or more 

 probably a heterogeneous mass of species collected. 



Heart's-ease has ever been a favourite flower with the people, 

 and has many provincial names, all bearing some allusion to love. 

 In days of superstition it was called Herb Trinity ; probably 

 from the three-coloured flowers. Hearts-ease is the general 

 name by which it is now known ; its more elegant name, Pan- 

 sies, is from the French pensee. The meaning is alluded to by 

 Shakspeare, in Hamlet, " There's pansies, that's for thoughts." 

 Heart's-ease was represented by old writers on the Materia 

 Medica, as a powerful medicine in epilepsy, ulcers, scabies and 

 cutaneous complaints. Haase, who administered it in various 

 and in large doses, extended its use to many chronic disorders ; 

 and from the great number of cases in which it proved successful, 

 it seems to deserve farther trial. Heart's-ease, when strongly 

 bruised, exhales a smell resembling peach-kernels. Distilled 

 with water, whether it be fresh or dried, it gives a little volatile 

 oil, of a very acrid taste, having the above-mentioned smell. 

 The corolla yields to water a highly colouring principle. 



Var. a, hortensis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 303.) petals intensely 

 velvety, much larger than the calyx. Fl. dan. 603. 



Var. ft, degener, (D. C. 1. c.) somewhat branched ; flowers 

 3-coloured, rather velvety ; petals a little larger than the calyx ; 

 stipulas large. In cultivated fields. 



Var. y, alpestris (D. C. 1. c.) stem elongated ; leaves remote ; 

 flowers sulphur-coloured, spotted with purple, larger than the 

 calyx. In meadows on the Alps. V. lutea, Tratt. tab. 43. V. 

 lutea and saxatilis, Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 257 and 259 ? 



Var. S, crassijblia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves large, thickish ; flowers 

 yellow, scarcely larger than the calyx. In Neustria, by the 

 sea-side. 



Var. c, calycina (D. C. 1. c.) leaves large, ovate, rather 

 crowded : calyx large. In the mountains of Teneriffe. 



Var. '(,, appendiculata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves tapering to both 

 ends ; calyx drawn out much at the base, larger than the corolla. 

 Between Bagdad and Kermancha. Perhaps the same as e, caly- 



. IV. VIOLA. 



Var. n, purpurea (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate ; sepals shortish, 

 broad, drawn out much at the base ; flowers purple, larger than 

 calyx. In Armoracea. 



Var. i, ovatifolia (D. C. 1. c.) stems diffuse, branched ; leaves 

 ovate ; flowers 3-coloured, scarcely longer than the lanceolate 

 sepals. 



Var. K, arvensis, (D. C. 1. c.) stems branched, assurgent ; 

 petals yellowish, blue, or purple spotted. Frequent in sandy 

 cultivated fields. V. arvensis, Sibth. 84. Riv. pentap. Jorr. t. 

 122. Math, valgr. 2. p. 525. f. Pet. h. brit. t. 37. f. 9. This 

 is most likely a distinct species. 



Var. \, sabuldsa (D. C. 1. c.) stems many, diffuse ; leaves 

 remote, ovate, elongated ; sepals narrow-lanceolate, hardly shorter 

 than the corolla. In sand by the sea-side in Belgium and 

 France. Perhaps V. Bannatica, Kit. 



Var. fi, graciiescens (D. C. 1. c.) stems almost simple, elon- 

 gated, erect; sepals narrow, usually longer than the two-coloured 

 corolla. In fields near Bern. 



Var. v, trimestris (D. C. 1. c.) stem erect, very slender ; sti- 

 pulas very small ; sepals linear. About Lisbon. V. tricolor 

 trimestris flore variorum colorum elegans, Grisl. vir. lus. 



Var. , hirta (Ging. mss. et D. C. 1. c.) velvety-hairy ; flow- 

 ering earlier than April. Stipulas pinnatifid at the base. In 

 Vallais. Perhaps V. Kitaibeli&na, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 

 383. 



Var. o, bellwdes (D. C. 1. c.) rather hispid ; stems very 

 short; leaves roundish, crowded; petals shorter than the calyx. 

 In sandy places about Montpelier, and in the Nebrodes of Sicily. 

 V. parvula, Tineo. pug. sic. 5. no. 3. 



Three-coloured Violet, Heart's-ease, or Pansy, &c. Fl. April, 

 October. Britain. PI. ^ to -| foot. 



139 V. TENE'LLA (Poir. in. Lam. diet. no. 53.) lower leaves 

 roundish, minute, upper ones somewhat alternate, oblong, obtuse, 

 all smooth and entire ; peduncles rather longer than the leaves. 

 Q. H. Native of Syria. V. tricolor, var. IT. nana, D. C. prod. 

 1. p. 303. This plant is rather remarkable in having the lower 

 leaves opposite. The cotyledons remain even to the time of 

 flowering. 



Tender violet. Fl. May, July. PI. 2 inches. 



140 V. BI'COLOR (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) mostly 

 smooth ; stem triquetrous, erect, simple, leafy ; leaves toothed, 

 radical ones roundish, or spatulate, upper ones ovate, or lanceo- 

 late ; petioles short ; stipulas large, pinnatifid or palmate, mid- 

 dle lobe longer and broader, the rest linear-oblong, all obtuse, 

 and ciliated ; peduncles tetragonal, much longer than the leaves ; 

 sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated, emarginate behind ; 

 two lateral petals bearded ; stigma rather pubescent, hardly 

 beaked. Q. H. Native of North America, in fields in New 

 Jersey, New York, and of Pennsylvania and Virginia. V. te- 

 nella, Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 152. V. arvensis, 

 Elliot. Flowers white, tinged or veined with blue or purple, 

 yellow at the base. According to Pursh. there are specimens in 

 Mr. Lambert's Herbarium, gathered by Pallas in Siberia, which 

 correspond with the North American plant. 



Two-coloured Violet. Fl. May, July. PI. f foot. 



SECT. V. LEPTI'DIUM (from Xevros, leptos, slender ; form of 

 style.) Ging. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 304. Stigma proboscis- 

 like, truncate, with a minute hole at the tip. Style awl-shaped, 

 flexuous. Stamens oblong, approximate, 2 of which are usually 

 furnished with longer terminal appendages than the others. 

 Torus flattish. Capsule 3-lobed or triangular, few-seeded. The 

 petals of all are perhaps smooth. 



141 V. RUBE'LLA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 20. t. 531. f. ].) stems 

 erect ; leaves ovate or oblong, acute, crenate-serrate, shorter 

 than the peduncle ; stipulas lanceolate, setaceously-toothcd ; 



