334 



VIOLARIEjE. IV. VIOLA. V. ERPETION. 



155 V. PIL&SA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Limuea. 1. p. 645.) 

 stigma proboscis-like ; style clavate ; stamens oblong, connected ; 

 capsules ovate-globose ; 4 superior petals hairy at the base ; 

 leaves cordate, tapering into the petiole a little at the base, cre- 

 nulate, pilose; stipulas oblong, setaceously-toothed, ciliated, 

 erect. Stem stoloniferous. 7/ . S. Native of Java. 



Pilose Violet. PL creeping. 



156 V. TRI'FIDA (Spreng. pug. 1. p. 22.) stem decumbent ; 

 leaves somewhat trifid, tapering to the base, with the segments 

 lanceolate, very entire ; calyxes hardly appendiculated behind ; 

 spur much larger than the calyx. I/ . F. ? Native of? Flowers 

 white. 



TYz/W-leaved Violet. Plant decumbent. 



j- Species not sufficiently known. 



157 V. GIBBO'SA (Rafin. dec. pi. nov. amer. sept, in litt. 1819.) 

 caulescent, glabrous ; leaves on long footstalks, cordate-deltoid, 

 crenated, obtuse, under surface pale ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, 

 obtuse, entire ; petals glabrous ; spur gibbous, very short. If, . H. 

 Native on the Allegheny Mountains in North America. Flowers 

 yellow. 



Gibbous-spurred Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? PI. \ foot. 



158 V. SERPYLLIFOLIA (H. B. ex Willd. herb, in Roem. et 

 Schult. syst. 5. p. 391.) stems procumbent ; leaves linear-spatu- 

 late, quite entire. If. . S. Native of South America. Unknown 

 to Kunth. 



Wild- Thyme-leaved Violet. PI. procumbent. 



159 V. TEUCRIIFOLIA (H. et B. ex Willd. herb, in Rcem. 

 et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391.) leaves alternate, ovate, serrated ; 

 stem shrubby, procumbent ; peduncles longer than the leaves, 

 fj . S. Native of South America. Unknown to Kunth. 



Teucrium-leaved Violet. Shrub procumbent. 



160 V. SCA V BRA (Brown, in flora 1820. p. 469.) almost stem- 

 less ; leaves cordate, acuminated, scabrous ; sepals acute ; root 

 creeping. If. 1 H. Native about Salzburgh. 



Scabrous Violet. PI. j foot. 



161 V. CRASSIU'SCULA (Bory, ami. gen. 1820. vol. 3. p. 16.) 

 stems decumbent, without bracteas? leaves alternate, stalked, 

 ovate, oblong, quite entire, thickish ; flowers naked, on long 

 peduncles. Native on Sierra Nevada in Spain. 



Tkickish-\en\ed Violet. PI. decumbent. 



162 V. SELKI'RKII (Pursh. mss. ex Goldie. edinb. phil. journ. 

 1822. p. 319.) leaves cordate, crenate-serrated, rather pilose; 

 petals beardless ; spur long, thick, very blunt. If.. H. Native 

 on mountains near Montreal in North America. Flowers blue. 



Selkirk's Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. PI. foot. 



163 V. SPATULA' TA (Willd. reliq. ex Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. 

 p. 353.) leaves lanceolate-spatulate, fascicled, almost entire, 

 pubescent. If.. H. Native of the province of Guilan on the 

 Caspian sea. 



Spatulate-\eaved Violet. PI. i foot. 



164 V. ALLEGHANE'NSIS (Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 560.) 

 hairy ; leaves ovate and oblong-cordate rather entire ; footstalks 

 broad, membranaceous ; 2 lateral petals bearded ; spur very 

 short, saccate. If. . H. Native of North America on the Alle- 

 ghany Mountains. Perhaps a variety of V. ovata? Flowers blue. 



Allegheny Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1624. PL ^ foot. 



165 V. LABRADO'RICA (Schrank. denk. I. bot. Gesell. regensb. 

 II. p. 12.) stem erect, branched; leaves orbicularly-cordate, 

 acuminated ; stipulas lanceolate. If.. H. Native of Labrador. 



Labrador Violet. Plant -| foot. 



166 V. ELONGATA (Poir. diet. 8. p. 644.) glabrous; leaves 

 elliptical, quite entire, stalked; flowers solitary on long pe- 

 duncles ; stem weak ; capsules very smooth ; seeds rufous, glo- 

 bose. I/ ? H. Native of North America. 



Elongated-pedunded Violet. PI. \ foot. 



167 V. PRBNELL^EFO'LIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 

 5. p. 370.) very smooth ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, rounded 

 at the base, obsok'tely cordate, crenate ; stipulas ciliated ; calyxes 

 acute ; petals retuse, smooth ; spur somewhat saccate, short, 

 rounded ; style clavate above, thickened ; stigma lateral, truncate. 

 "0? . G. Native of South America about Santa Fe de Bogota, 

 at the height of 4110 feet. Flowers violaceous. Perhaps allied 

 to V. hirta. Style club-shaped ; stigma truncate. 



Prunella-leaved Violet. PI. \ foot. 



168 V. TJMBRACTI'COLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. 

 p. 370.) caulescent, procumbent ; leaves ovate, bluntish ; 

 running into the footstalk at the base, denticulated, upper sur- 

 face glabrous, under surface as well as footstalks and peduncles 

 beset with a few hairs ; stipulas dentately-ciliated ; calyxes linear, 

 acute ; lower petal rounded, with a saccate, short spur, rounded 

 at the base, with the rest of the petals obovately-spatulate ; 

 dorsal appendages of stamens oblong, obtuse, compressed, one- 

 half shorter than the cells ; ovary ovate, smooth ; ovulse 22, 

 disposed in 2 rows. Style cultriform ? stigma obtuse. If. . G. 

 Native of Mexico in woods near Real del Monte, at the height 

 of 4278 feet. Flowers violaceous. Petals smooth, about the 

 size of those of Viola palustris. 



Shaded-hill Violet. PI. procumbent. 



169 V. CHAM^EDRIFO'LIA (Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb, and 

 D. C. prod. 1. p. 306.) stems ? leaves ovate, toothed ; 2 lateral 

 petals bearded. Native in Peru. Perhaps V, ttucriifblia. 

 Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391. ? or perhaps a variety of V. 

 rubella, Cav. 



Germander-leaved Violet. PI. 1 foot. 



170 V. KAMTSCHA'TICA (Ging. in Schlecht. Linneae. 1. p. 

 406.) stigma triangular, marginated ; leaves cordate ; stipulas 

 lanceolate ; sepals ovate, acuminated ; spur cylindrical, rounded 

 at the top, longer than the sepals. I/ . H. Native of Kamts- 

 chatka. Petals purple. Very like V* hirta. 



Kamtschatka Violet. PI. J foot. 



Cult. Almost every species of Violet deserves to be cultivated 

 in gardens, the greater part for the beauty of their flowers, and 

 others for their scent, such as the varieties of Viola odorata. 

 The hardy perennial species are well adapted for ornamenting 

 rock-work or the front of flower-borders, but the smaller species 

 should be grown in small pots in a mixture of loam, peat, and 

 plenty of sand. The American species do best in vegetable 

 mould or peat ; those species which are natives of woods are 

 well adapted for growing under trees, and those natives-of bogs 

 or marshes should be planted in moist situations. They are all 

 readily increased by seeds or parting the plants at the root. The 

 annual species may be sown in the open borders or on rock-work. 

 The greenhouse and stove species should be grown in a mixture 

 of loam and peat, the herbaceous kinds of them should be in- 

 creased by dividing at the root or by seeds, and the shrubby 

 kinds should be propagated by cuttings, which will root freely 

 if planted under a hand-glass, those of the stove species in heat. 

 The species marked frame should be always preserved in pots, 

 that they may be protected during winter by a frame. The 

 Neapolitan violet, a variety of V. odorata forces well, and where 

 there is a stove or warm pit may be had in flower throughout 

 the winter and early part of spring. 



V. ERPE'TION (from epTrnrof, erpetos, creeping, and lov, 

 ion, the Greek for violet, in allusion to the creeping rooting stems). 

 D. C. in herb. Lamb. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 170. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Character in almost 

 every respect the same as Viola, but the lower petal is not 

 drawn out into a spur at the base, and the anthers are des- 

 titute of dorsal appendages. The sepals are scarcely produced 

 at the base. Filaments united at the apex ; lobes of anthers 



