VIOLARIEiE. V. ERPETION. VI. SOLEA. VII. POMBALIA. 



335 



distinct, diverging at the base. Stigma inconspicuous. Small 

 tufted plants, with running rooting stems, and roundish or kid- 

 ney-shaped leaves, 1 -flowered peduncles, and beautiful blue 

 flowers mixed with white. The roots of all are perpendicular. 



1 E. RENIFO'RME (Sweet, fl. gard. 170.) stem creeping, root- 

 ing ; leaves crowded, kidney-shaped, repandly-toothed, punctate ; 

 stipulas linear-awl-shaped, acuminated ; sepals lanceolate, hardly 

 drawn out into auricles ; petals reflexed ; the two lateral ones 

 are furnished with a beard on the upper side. I/ . F. Native 

 of New Holland about Port Jackson. Erpetion cymbalaria, D. 

 C. in herb. Lamb. Viola reniformis, R. Br. ined. Viola hede- 

 racea, Hook. exot. bot. 225. Flowers blue mixed with white. 



Kidney-shaped-leaved Erpetion. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1823. 

 PI. creeping. 



2 E. HEDERA'cEUM(Lab. spec. nov. holl. 1. p. 66. t. 91. under 

 Viola), stem short, stoloniferous ; leaves crowded into fascicles, 

 roundish, somewhat cuneated at the base, crenated, punctate ; 

 stipulas awl-shaped, ending in a bristly acumen ; sepals hardly 

 drawn out at the base into auricles. % . F. Native of Van 

 Diemen's Land. Flowers blue and whitish. This is a much 

 smaller plant than the last. The two lateral petals are arched, 

 with a tuft of hairs on the upper side. Root perpendicular, 

 simple. Peduncles about twice the length of the leaves. 



Ivy-like Erpetion. PI. creeping. 



3 E. PETIOLA'RE; stems stoloniferous ; leaves crowded in fas- 

 cicles, kidney-shaped-truncate at the apex, repandly-toothed ; sti- 

 pulas lanceolate, ending in bristle-like acumen ; sepals hardly 

 drawn out at the base into auricles ; peduncles and petioles very 

 long, even from 6 to 9 inches. I/ . H. Native of New Holland 

 and Van Diemen's Land. Viola gracilis, R. Br. ined. V. he- 

 deracea y, petiolaris, D. C. prod. 1. p. 305. Petals smooth. 



Slender Erpetion. PI. creeping. 



4 E. SPATHULA'TUM ; stoloniferous ; leaves on long footstalks, 

 obovate-roundish, toothed, smooth ; peduncle slender ; flower 

 nodding ; spur very short. "Ij. . H. Native of New Holland. 

 Viola spatulata, Sieb. V. Sieberiana, Spreng. syst. app. p. 96. 

 Perhaps a species of Viola. 



Spatulate-leaved Erpetion. PI. creeping. 



Cult. These are elegant little plants, and deserve to be culti- 

 vated in every garden. They will suit well for rock-work, or 

 to be grown in pots and placed among other alpine plants ; 

 they are all easily increased by separating the runners. All the 

 species require protection in severe weather. 



VI. SO' LEA (in honour of William Sole, an acute English 

 botanist, author of Menthse Brittanicae, 1 vol. fol. Bath, 1798.) 

 Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 306. Solea, spec. Spreng. pug. 

 rar. 1. p. 22. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals hardly equal, 

 keeled ? not drawn out behind into auricles as in Viola, but 

 running into the pedicel at the base (Nutt.), reflexed after flower- 

 ing. Petals rather unequal ; lower one a little larger than the 

 rest and a little gibbous at the base, the rest almost equal, con- 

 volute in aestivation ? Stamens approximate, 2 anterior ones bear- 

 ing each on the outside at the base a nectarial gland ? filaments 

 rather unguiculate at the base, with the claws scarcely equalling 

 the ovary in height, bearing the anthers a little higher up. Stigma 

 hooked. Herb pilose. Stems twiggy. Leaves alternate. 

 Peduncles 1 -flowered, short, axillary in pairs, but often solitary 

 from abortion, each furnished with 2 little bracteas. 



1 S. CO'NCOLOR (Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 806.) Tf.. 

 H. Native of Pennsylvania on limestone rocks. Viola concolor, 

 Forster in Lin. trans. 6. p. 309. t. 28. Perhaps the same as 

 Solea strlcta of Spreng. 1. c. ? Flowers small, green. 



5 elf-colour cd-fiowered. Solea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1788. 

 PI. i to 2 feet. 



Cult. This curious plant may be grown in the open border 

 or on rock-work. A limestone or chalky soil will suit it best. 

 It may be either propagated by dividing the plant at the root, 

 or by seeds. It will require protection in severe weather. 



VII. POMBA V LIA (in honour of Sebastian Joseph de Car- 

 valho Marquis de Pombal, a famous Portuguese statesman). 

 Vand. fasc. 7. t. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 306. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals large, run- 

 ning into the pedicel at the base, with the margins echinated 

 with callose prickles. Petals unequal, 4 upper ones short, 

 scarcely exceeding the calyx in length, the lower one 2 or 3 

 times longer than the rest, somewhat gibbous at the base, stipi- 

 tately-unguiculate, with a broad limb with an involute margin. 

 Filaments unguiculated at the base, with linear claws equal- 

 ling the ovary, oblong, dilated at the top, bearing the anthers 

 very high up, 2 of the filaments bearing each a nectarial gland on 

 the back at the base. Lobes of anthers blunt at the top. Style 

 straight ; stigma funnel-shaped. Capsule as in Viola, usually 

 villous. Cotyledons generally orbicular, length of the terete 

 radicle. Annual herbs, generally very villous. Root thickish, 

 hard. Leaves alternate. Peduncles axillary, solitary, not 

 jointed, bibracteolate. Flowers large, drooping. 



1 P. I'TUBU (Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 307.) O- $ S. 

 Viola I'tubu, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 808. t. 318. bad. lonidium I'tubu, 

 H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. t. 496. I. Ipecacuanha et 

 calceolaria, Vent. Itoubou is the name of the plant in Guiana. 



Var. a ; stems very hairy ; flowers white ; seeds whitish ; 

 capsules villous. Native of Guiana and Brazil. Sims, bot. mag. 

 2453. V. Ipecacuanha et calceolaria, Lin. 



Var. ft ; stems very hairy ; flowers blue. Native in Cayenne. 

 Viola I'tubu, var. flore caeruleo, Aublet. 1. c. 



Var. y ; stems smoothish ; flowers white ; ovary villous ; 

 seeds black. Native in Brazil. Pombalia Ipecacuanha, Vand. 

 fasc. 7. t. 1 . bad. Calceolar. Lcefl. itin. p. 1 84. no. 2. ? Perhf.ps 

 V. Ipecacuanha of Lin. mant. 484. 



Var. S; indecora (St. Hil. mem. mus. 11. p. 481.) corolla 

 shorter than the calyx, smooth ; filaments 3, sterile. Native of 

 Brazil. lonidium indecorum, St. Hil. 



The roots of these plants are emetic, and probably the white 

 ipecacuan of the shops ; beside these the name of ipecacuan is 

 given to various species of Cynanchum,Asclepias t Euphorbia, Dor- 

 stenia, Psychbtria emetica, but the best is the root of the Callicocca 

 Ipecacuanha, which is called in the shops the Brown Ipecacuan. 

 With regard to their comparative strengths, De Candolle says 

 that vomiting is produced by 22 grains of Cyndnchium Ipeca- 

 cuanha, 24 of Psychotria emetica, 60 or 72 of lonidium calceo- 

 larium, and 1 to 3 drachms of Pombalia I'tubu. The root of this 

 plant fills the place of the true Ipecacuan of the shops. M. 

 Fernambouc regards it as the best remedy that can be employed 

 in dysentery. Some of the inhabitants of Rio-Grantle-do- 

 Norte assured M. Aug. St. Hilaire that they can radically cure 

 the gout with a decoction of the roots. The roots are white 

 within and greyish or reddish without ; they are sold by the 

 inhabitants of Brazil for the true Ipecacuan, Callicocca Ipeca- 

 cuanha. The Brazilian name of the plant is Poaya da praia or 

 Poaya branca. Poaya appears to be a name used by the Brazi- 

 lians for all emetic roots. 



Itoubou or White Ipecacuanha. Fl. July. Clt. 1822. PI. 1ft. 



Cult. Although these plants form small shrubs in their native 

 country, they cannot be considered any more than stove annuals 

 in this country, therefore the only mode of preserving them is 

 by seeds, which should be sown in a hot-bed in the spring, where 

 they should remain, or they may be removed into the stove in 

 May. A mixture of peat and sand suits them best. 



