336 



VIOLARIE.E. VIII. PIOEA. IX. IONIDIUM. 



VIII. PI'GEA (meaning unknown). D. C. mss. and prod. 1. 



p. 307. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Sepals unequal, run- 

 ning into the pedicel at the base. Petals unequal, lower one 

 4 or 5 times larger than the rest, gibbous at the base, and 

 unguiculate, with a dilated obovate flat limb, which is convolute 

 in aestivation, the rest a little longer than the calyx. Filaments 

 dilated from the base, bearing the anthers low down ; lobes of 

 anthers usually drawn out into a bristle at the apex. Cap- 

 sules generally trigonal, 3-valved ; seeds usually angular. Herbs 

 or subshrubs. Leaves generally alternate. Flowers erectish. 

 Peduncles bibracteolate, not jointed, solitary, often racemosely- 

 crowded at the top of the branches. 



1 P. FILIFO'RMIS (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 307.) stem 

 erect, undivided ; leaves alternate, linear, quite entire ; lower 

 petal obovate, entire; sepals lanceolate, acute. %. Q. G. 

 Native in New Holland about Port Jackson. Flowers small, blue ? 



Filiform Pigea. PL | foot. 



2 P.? BANKSIANA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 307.) 

 stem erect, puberulous ; leaves alternate, oblong-linear, quite 

 entire, with revolute margins, upper surface roughish, as well as 

 the awl-shaped stipulas ; lower petal much longer than the calyx ; 

 seeds elliptical, white, striated 1 T? . G. Native of New South 

 Wales. Viola angustifolia, Herb. Banks. Flowers small, 

 blue ? Perhaps the same as the preceding. 



Banksian Pigea. Shrub 1 foot. 



3 P.? CALYCI'NA (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 307.) stems 

 branched ; leaves linear, quite entire ; lower petal lanceolate, 

 acute; sepals ovate, acuminated. Q? G. Native in New Hol- 

 land on the western coast. Flower small, blue ? 



Large-calyxed Pigea. PL foot. 



4 P. ? MONOPE'TALA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 307.) 

 stems branched ; leaves linear, quite entire ; lower petal spatu- 

 'ate, emarginate, the rest hardly evident ; sepals ovate. lonidium 

 monopetalum, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 400. 



One-petalled Pigea. PL | foot. 



Cult. The species may be grown in a mixture of loam and 

 peat, and no doubt cuttings, if planted under a hand-glass in 

 sand, will root readily, or they may be increased by seeds.-f 



IX. lONI'DIUM (iov, ion, a violet, and etSoc, eidvs, similar; 

 resemblance). D. C. prod. 1. p. 307. lonidii, spec. Vent, 

 malm. p. 27. Solea, spec. Spreng. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals small, unequal, 

 running into the peduncle at the base, but not appendiculate, 

 with membranous margins. Petals unequal, lower one 2 or 3 

 times longer than the rest, carinately-concave and a little gibbous 

 at the base, unguiculate, gradually dilating into the limb, with the 

 margin usually involute in aestivation. Stamens approximate ; 

 filaments scarcely oblong-dilated from the base, bearing the 

 anthers low down ; the 2 anterior ones are usually furnished each 

 with a nectarial gland at the base. Capsule as in Viola, but not 

 elastic, falling off after maturity by the jointed part of the 

 peduncle, 1-6, rarely 9-seeded. Cotyledons usually reniform ; 

 radicle short. Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves sometimes alter- 

 nate, sometimes opposite, or the lower ones opposite and the 

 upper ones alternate. Peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, furnished 

 with 2 little bracteas above the middle and jointed. Flowers 

 erectish. The roots of all the species are more or less emetic, 

 The roots of several are used in Brazil as emetics under the 

 name of Poaya or Ipecacuanha. 



1. Lip stipitate, twice or thrice longer than the calyx. 



II.? ANO'MALUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 381.) 

 t. 500.) puberulous ; stem branched ; rameal leaves alternate, 



lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, serrated, upper surface glabrous, 

 under surface hoary ; stipulas broad, ovate, acute ; sepals ovate- 

 acute, silky-pubescent ; lip lanceolate, 4 or 5 times longer than 

 the calyx, the rest of the petals ovate, acute. fj . S. Native in 

 woods near Turbaco in New Granada. Viola prunif olia. Willd. 

 rel. in Rim. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391. Flowers white, rising 

 before the leaves. Anthers linear-oblong ; 2 of which are fur- 

 nished with hooked, descending appendages, which are villous at 

 the apex, and these are drawn in within the jointed concave spur. 

 Anomalous lonidium. Tree 20 feet. 



2 I. RACEMO'SUM (Nees et Mart. act. bon. 12. p. 49.) 

 herbaceous ; stem erect ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; racemes 

 axillary, furcately divided, leafy at the base and naked at the 

 top : flowers very minute. T(. . S. Native of Brazil. Stem 

 smooth at the base. Leaves rather pubescent. Flowers white. 

 Sepals ciliated. 



Racemose lonidium. PL 1 foot. 



3 I. PARIETARLEFO'LIUM (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 308.) stem 

 branched, pubescent ; leaves alternate, elliptical, or ovate-lan- 

 ceolate, acuminated, toothed, somewhat pubescent, two-coloured ; 

 stipulas awl-shaped, ciliated ; sepals acuminated, ciliated ; limb 

 of lower petal somewhat rhomboid. Q1 S. Native of South 

 America. Flowers white or blue. 



Var. a, Houstbni (D. C. prod. 1. p. 308.) leaves sharply ser- 

 rated ; stem hairy. Native about Vera Cruz and in Peru. Viola 

 frutescens, Ruiz et Pav. ined. 



Var, /}, Berterii (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves rather serrated ; 

 stem pubescent. Native in St. Martha. Viola melanosperma, 

 Bertero ined. Seeds lenticular, ovate, dark, shining. Cotyle- 

 dons reniform. 



Pcllitory-leaved lonidium. Fl. July. PL 1 foot. 



4 I. LEPTORHI'ZUM (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 308.) stem 

 simple or sparingly branched, smoothish ; leaves alternate, gla- 

 brous, ovate, acute, toothed, tapering into the footstalk ; stipulas 

 linear-awl-shaped; sepals very acute. .? S. Native of 

 Malabar and Tranquebar in sand. Rheed. mal. 9. p. 119. t. 

 61. Pluk. aim. t. 120. f. 8. Hardly differing from the pre- 

 ceding species. Two of the petals are rose-purple, the third 

 blue. 



Slender-rooted lonidium. FL July. PL -| foot. 



5 I. CAPE'NSE (Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 393.) stem suffru- 

 ticose, erect ; leaves alternate, obovate, obsoletely-toothed, pu- 

 bescent ; stipulas awl-shaped, ciliated ; sepals acute, ciliated. 

 Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Viola Capensis, 

 Thunb. prod. 40. Viola Massoni, herb. Banks. Flowers 

 white. 



Var. (3, Owariense (D. C. prod. 1. p. 308.) upper leaves lan- 

 ceolate, somewhat crowded, under surface smoothish ; sepals 

 pubescent ; lip very gibbous at the base. Native of Guinea in 

 the kingdom of Waree. Flowers pale-blue. 



Var. y? Burrndnni (D. C. prod. 1. c.) upper leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate, smoothish beneath ; lip obovate, gibbous at the base, 

 pubescent on the outside. Native of the East Indies. Differing 

 from I. heterophyllum, in the sepals being ciliated, not smooth. 

 Flowers pale-blue. 



Cape lonidium. FL May, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub J to 1 ft. 



6 I. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Vent. malm. no. 27. in adn.) stem 

 suffruticose, branched at the base ; lower leaves obovate, upper 

 ones linear-lanceolate, obsoletely toothed, pubescent ; stipulas 

 awl- shaped, rigid ; sepals acuminated, glabrous. Tj . G. Na- 

 tive of China and Ceylon. Poly'gala frutescens, Burm. fl. zeyl. 

 195. t. 85 ? Flowers pale-blue. 



Variable-leaved lonidium. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 



7 I. BUXIFOUUM (Vent. malm. p. 27. in adn.) stem herba- 

 ceous, diffuse ; leaves alternate, obovate, entire, with revolute 

 margins ; stipulas awl-shaped, rigid ; sepals acuminated, gla- 



