370 



POLYGALE^E. XL SECURIDACA. XII. CARPOLOBIA. XIII. KRAMERIA. 



and St. Thomas, among stones. Jacq. amer. p. 197. 1. 183. 

 f. 39. Swartz. obs. 294. Flowers purple. 

 Erect Securidaca. Shrub 12 feet. 



14 S. PANICULATA (Lam. ill. t. 599. f. %. Poir. diet. 7. p. 

 52.) stem erect ; leaves oval-oblong, rather acute ; branches 

 smoothish ; racemes terminal, somewhat compound. Tj S. 

 Native of Cayenne. Wing of fruit appendiculate on the back 

 from the base. Flowers purple. 



Panicled-fiowered Securidaca. Shrub 6 feet. 



15 S. BRAZILIE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 175.) leaves obo- 

 vate, obtuse, pubescent beneath as well as the branches ; flowers 

 panicled. >j . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers purplish ? 



Brazilian Securidaca. Shrub 6 feet. 



Cult. The species of Securidaca grow well in a mixture of 

 loam, peat, and sand, and if cuttings are planted in a pot of 

 sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, they will root readily. 



XII. CARPOLOBIA (from wtpTroe, karpos, a fruit, and 

 Xo/3oe, lobos, a pod ; in allusion to the berry containing a silky 

 pod or seed.) 



LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Octdndria. Sepals 5, somewhat 

 bilabiate. Petals 3-5, with a large keel ; the rest nearly equal, 

 all unguiculate. Stamens 8, monadelphous ? Drupe contain- 

 ing 1 villous, silky seed, or a silky 1-seeded legume. Smooth- 

 branched shrubs, with alternate, entire leaves. Flowers dis- 

 posed in axillary few-flowered racemes. 



1 C. VERSI'COLOR ; leaves oval, acuminated, mucronate, entire ; 

 peduncles 3-5-flowered. T? . S. Native of Sierra Leone on 

 the mountains. Flowers cream-coloured, striated. 



Party-coloured-Rowered Carpolobia. Shrub 4 feet. 



2 C. DU^BIA; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, cordate at the 

 base, on long footstalks ; racemes in panicles, many-flowered ; 

 stamens distinct ? Jj . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers 

 white. 



Doubtful Carpolobia. Shrub 4 feet. 



3 C. LU V TEA ; leaves ovate, acuminated, mucronate ; on short 

 footstalks ; peduncles 2-5-flowered. ^ . S. Native of Sierra 

 Leone. Flowers yellow. 



Yellow-Rowered Carpolobia. Shrub 4 feet. 



4 C. A'LBA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, on short 

 footstalks ; peduncles usually 2-flowered. Jj . S. Native of 

 Sierra Leone. Flowers white, streaked with red. 



White-fiov/ered. Carpolobia. Shrub 6 feet. 



Cult. These shrubs will grow freely in a mixture of loam 

 and sand, and young cuttings will strike root in sand under a 

 hand-glass, in heat. 



XIII. KR AME'RI A (in honour of John George Henry and 

 William Henry Kramer, M.D., father and son, German bota- 

 nists ; the former published Tentamen Botanicum in 1728 and 

 1744, the latter Flora Austria in|1756; it must also dis- 

 tinguish John Rudolf Kramer, who wrote a dissertation on 

 Myrtus in 1731). Lcefl. itin. 195. Ruiz et Pav. prod. fl. 

 per. t. 3. Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 390. D. C. prod. 1. p. 341. 



LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Tetra-Hexandria. Sepals 4 (f. 

 71. a.), rarely 5, irregular, spreading, silky on the outside and 

 coloured on the inside. Petals 4-5, in 2 series, 3 inner ones 

 unguiculate, with the claws united at the base. Stamens 3 or 

 4, somewhat monadelphous at their base or free ; anthers open- 

 ing by 2 pores at the apex (f. 71. d.). Fruit globose, indehiscent, 

 covered with bristly prickles (f. 71. e. 6.), 1-celled, 1-seeded 

 (f. 71. e.), or incompletely 2-celled, 2-seeded. Embryo straight. 

 Albumen none. Diffuse, many-stemmed shrubs. Leaves alter- 

 nate, entire, simple or trifoliate. Flowers axillary, or on the top 

 of the branchlets, generally solitary or disposed in spike-formed 

 racemes. Pedicels usually furnished with 2 or 3 bracteas. 



1 



* Leaves simple. 



1 K. IXINA (Lin. spec. 177.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, with 

 spiny points, villously-pubescent ; pedicels axillary, bibracteate, 

 disposed in terminal racemes. I? . S. Native of Cumana, 

 where it is called cordilla breva, also near Angustura on the 

 Orinoco, and St. Domingo. Flowers purple, tetrandrous. Whe- 

 ther there be any thing viscid in this plant which might induce 

 its discoverer to adopt the Greek word ixine does not appear. 



Ixina Krameria, Shrub procumbent. 



2 K. SECUNDIFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and 

 D. C. prod. 1. p. 341.) leaves linear, acute, villous ; pedicels 

 longer than the leaves, furnished with two bracteas, disposed in 

 a secund raceme. If. . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers pro- 

 bably red. 



Secund-Jloniered Krameria. PI. 1 foot. 



3 K. PAUCIFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and 

 D. C. prod. 1. p. 341.) leaves oblong-linear, villous; pedicels 

 few, longer than the leaves, bearing 2 bracteas on the middle of 

 each ; lower lobe of calyx gibbous. If. . G. Native of Mexico. 

 Flowers probably red. 



Few-flowered Krameria. PI. 1 foot. 



4 K. TRIA'NDRA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. FIG. 71. 

 per. 1. t. 93.) leaves oblong, acut- 



ish, silky-villous ; pedicels rather 

 longer than leaves, furnished with 

 two bracteas, disposed in a short 

 raceme. Tj . G. Native of Peru 

 on declivities of sandy mountains, 

 where the root is called Rattany, 

 or Ratanhia. It possesses powerful 

 tonic and astringent qualities. Ac- 

 cording to the analysis of a French 

 chemist it contains gallic acid, but 

 neither tannin nor resin. 



This plant is gathered in large 

 quantities, from which a beautiful 

 extract is prepared, which, as well 

 as the root, is imported into Portu- 

 gal for improving the colour and richness of red wine. From 

 this use in manufacturing of wine, the Portuguese and Spanish 

 merchants have kept its properties so concealed, that in this 

 country the root was unknown till very lately : the deep 

 colour it communicates to port wine renders it an article of great 

 and deserved value to the manufacturer of wine. The sensible 

 properties chiefly reside in the cortical part of the root ; the lig- 

 neous part is tough and somewhat mucilaginous. On being 

 slightly masticated the root discovers a grateful astringency, 

 and is slightly aromatic and bitter. These qualities are imparted, 

 as well as its colouring matter, to cold and boiling water and to 

 proof spirit. The tincture made with brandy approaches very 

 near to the flavour of port wine. The foreign extract, which is 

 a gum-resin, is a very beautiful transparent article. The extract 

 made from a decoction or infusion of the root is powdery, and 

 not so astringent as the powdered root. Dr. Duncan asserts 

 that the foreign extract of this root cannot be discovered from 

 kino, but this melts and swells on exposure to the heat, and 

 thus it does when as dry as kino, which becomes charred on ex- 

 posure to heat. Rhatany is a very valuable tonic medicine for 

 indigestion arising from direct debility. The solution of the 

 foreign extract, dissolved in a camphoretic mixture, is a remedy 

 in advanced stages of typhus fever ; and it possesses all the good 

 qualities of port wine and is exempt from its pernicious ingre- 

 dient alcohol. It is an excellent tonic to accompany the use 

 of diuretics, cathartics and absorbent stimulants in cases of dropsy. 

 It may be substituted for Lark or kino. 



