CARYOPHYLLE.E. IV. SAPONARIA. 



397 



p. 464.) flowers panicled ; calyxes pyramidal, 5-angled, gla- 

 brous ; bracteas leafy, acute ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, connate 

 at the base. O- H. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red. 

 Perhaps only a variety of S. vaccaria. Petals naked. 



Perfoliate Soapwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1 800. PL 1 to 2 ft. 



3 S. DIOI'CA (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 1. p. 38.) flowers 

 dioecious, panicled ; calyx egg-shaped, 5-angled at the base, 

 smooth ; bracteas leafy, acute ; leaves lanceolate, sessile. O- H. 

 Native of Buenos Ay res. Gypsophila dioica, Spreng. syst. 

 append, p. 178. Like S. vaccaria. Flowers reddish, on long 

 peduncles. Petals naked. 



Dioecious Soapwort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. I to 2 feet. 



SECT. II. BOO'TIA (evidently from the name of some bo- 

 tanist). Neck, delic. gallo-belg. 1. p. 193. Flowers disposed 

 in panicled bundles. Calyx terete, usually hairy. Petals crowned. 



4 S. OFFICINA'LIS (Lin. spec. 584.) flowers disposed in 

 dense panicled bundles ; calyx cylindrical, villous, yellowish ; 

 appendages of petals cloven ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute or 

 obtuse. Tf. . H. Native of many parts of Europe by road 

 sides. In Britain in meadows by river sides and under hedges. 

 Smith, engl. bot. 1060. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 2. t. 29. Fl. dan. 

 t. 543. Wood, suppl. t. 251. Ludw. ect. t. 170. Bootia vul- 

 garis, Neck, delic. gallo-belg. 1. p. 193. Flowers either single 

 or double, of a rose or pink colour, seldom white. The 

 double variety of this plant is considered a very ornamental 

 border-flower, but is inconvenient unless kept in pots, from its 

 spreading very much by the roots, which creep underground 

 like those of couch. The leaves form a lather like soap, and 

 take out spots of grease in the same manner. The whole plant 

 is bitter, and a decoction of it was formerly used to cure the 

 itch, syphilis, and jaundice. 



Var. fi, glaberrima (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 365.) 

 leaves and calyxes very smooth. 



Var. y, hybrida (Lin. spec. 584.) some of the upper leaves 

 combined and sheathing, with a monopetalous corolla. I/ . H. 

 Native of England. Found by Gerarde in Northamptonshire 

 and on sandy hills 7 miles north of Liverpool. Mor. hist. 2. p. 

 548. sect. 5. t. 22. f. 52. 



Officinal Soapwort. Fl. Jul. Oct. Engl. PI. 1 to l|foot. 



5 S. OCYMOI DBS (Lin. spec. 585.) stems procumbent, dichoto- 

 mous ; flowers in panicled bundles ; calyx cylindrical, villous, 

 purple, beset with glandular hairs ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 

 generally 1-nerved. I/.. H. Native of many parts of Europe, 

 particularly Switzerland, Italy, south of France and Austria on 

 calcareous rocks. Jacq. fl. aust. 5. t. 23. Curt. bot. mag. 

 154. Cav. icon. 2. p. 29. t. 134. An elegant trailing plant with 

 red or pink flowers, well adapted for ornamenting rock-work. 



Basil-like Soapwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1768. PI. prostrate. 



6 S. CALA'BRICA (Guss. pi. rar. p. 164. t. 31.) root fibrous ; 

 stem erect, dichotomously-branched ; leaves obovate-spatulate, 

 usually 1 -nerved ; flowers axillary, solitary ; calyx cylindrical, 

 beset with glandular villi ; petals orbicular, narrowed at the 

 base; seeds tubercular, rather globose. O- H. Native of Ca- 

 labria on arid hills. Flowers beautiful rose-coloured. This 

 plant differs from S. ocymoides, which it is very much like, in 

 the root being annual and the stem being erect. Leaves smooth, 

 or slightly pubescent, ciliated on the margins. 



Calabrian Soapwort. Fl. May. PI. % to 1 foot. 



7 S. GLUTINOSA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 322. cent. 2. t. 66.) stem 

 erect branched ; flowers panicled, in corymbose bundles ; calyx 

 long, terete, beset with glandular hairs ; leaves ovate, 3-nerved. 



$ . H. Native of Tauria on the mountains. Hook. bot. mag. 

 t. 2855. Silene armeria, Pali. ind. taur. Flowers about the 

 size of those of Silene conoidea. Petals minute, blood-co- 

 loured, bidentate at the top, crowned with settles in the throat. 



Clammy Soapwort. Fl. Jn. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 foot. 



SECT. III. PROTEI'NIA (from Trporcivui, proteino, to stretch out ; 

 in allusion to the flowers standing on long peduncles). Ser. 

 mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 366. Flowers solitary, axillary, 

 or terminal. Petals 2-parted, usually naked. Calyx hairy, rarely 

 smooth. 



8 S. PO'RRIGENS (Lin. mant. 239.) stem erect ; branches di- 

 varicating, hairy, viscid ; flowers axillary, on long stalks ; pedun- 

 cles filiform ; calyx terete ; fruit egg-shaped, drooping ; leaves 

 lanceolate, connate. O-H. Native of the Levant. Jacq. hort. 

 vind. 2. p. 49. t. 109. Silene porrigens, Gouan. ill. 29. Petals 

 flesh-coloured. Stamens white. 



Stretching-feduncled Soapwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1680. 

 PL 1 to 2 feet. 



9 S. ORIENTA'LIS (Lin. spec. 585.) stem dichotomous ; branches 

 divaricating ; flowers axillary and terminal ; peduncles stiff, 

 equal in length with the flower, and are rather hispid, as well 

 as terete, ovate calyx ; segments of calyx acute ; leaves linear- 

 spatulate. 0. H. Native of the Levant and Carniola. Dill, 

 elth. 20,5. t. 167. f. 204. Stems much branched at the top. 

 Flowers small, purplish. 



Var. ft, glaberrima ; very smooth ; branches divaricating much. 

 Oriental Soapwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1732. PL \ foot. 



10 S. C/ESPITOSA (Smith, fl. graec. t. 339.) plant tufted ; stems 

 simple, 1 -flowered, few-leaved; calyx contracted at the base, 

 glabrous ; petals crowned ; leaves spatulate, tufted. I/ . F. Na- 

 tive of Negropont on Mount Delphi. S. Smithii, Ser. in D. C. 

 prod. 1 . p. 367. Flowers small, white ; anthers purple. 



Tufted Soapwort. PI. 5 foot. 



US. SAXA'TILIS (Bory. ann. gen. 3. 1820. p. 13.) stems di- 

 varicating, dichotomous ; leaves ovate-oblong, opposite, sessile ; 

 peduncles very long ; petals emarginate. If. . H. Native of 

 Spain on rocks in Sierra Nevada. 



Rock Soapwort. PL 1 to 2 feet. 



SECT. IV. BOLA'NTHUS (from fioi\os, bolos, a ball, and c 

 anthos, a flower ; because the flowers are collected in heads). 

 Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 366. Stems and leaves tufted. 

 Flowers aggregate. Calyx terete, villous. 



12 S. pROSTRATA(Willd. enum. 465.) stem trailing ; branches 

 ascending, short ; flowers corymbose, much crowded ; calyx 

 cylindrical, hairy ; leaves oblong-spatulate. Tf. . H. Native of 

 Galatia. Corolla like that of S. ocymoides, but a little smaller. 



Prostrate Soapwort. Fl. May, Aug. PL prostrate, long. 



13 S. HIRSU'TA (Labill. icon. pi. syr. dec. 4. t. 4. f. 2.) stems 

 ascending, few-flowered ; flowers terminal, somewhat capitate, 

 sessile ; calyxes 5-angled, and are hairy, as well as lanceolate 

 leaves ; petals very entire. I/ . F. Native of the Levant. 

 Flowers pink. 



Hairy Soapwort. Fl. June, July. PL ^ to ^ foot. 



14 S. DEPRE'SSA (Biv. stirp. rar. manip. 2.) plant tufted; 

 flowers somewhat umbellate, stalked ; calyx very long, 5-angled, 

 covered with clammy pubescence ; petals bifid, crowned with 

 acute scales ; radical leaves tufted, elliptical-obovate, depressed. 

 If. . F. Native of gravelly or sandy hills in the open regions of 

 Mount Etna. S. csespitosa, Biv. in Rafin. stat. gen. di. sicil. 

 p. 27. Bon. t. 163. f. 1. S. Sicula, Rafin. speech. 2. p. 7. 

 Cupan. panphyt. t. 167. f. 1. Flowers terminal, large, rose- 

 coloured. 



Depressed-leaved Soapwort. PL ^ foot. 



15 S. E'LEGANS (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 238.) tufted ; stems almost 

 naked, bearing flowers at the top ; flowers somewhat umbellate ; 

 calyxes cylindrical, villous, profoundly lobed ; lobes acute ; 

 petals emarginate at the apex, with bifid appendages in the 

 throat, the lobes of which are very narrow ; leaves linear, gla- 

 brous, almost all radical, hardly toothed. If. . H. Native of 



