398 



CARYOPHYLLEjE. IV. SAPONARIA. V. CUCUBALUS. VI. SILENE. 



sterile places on the higher Pyrenees. S. caespitosa, D. C. rap. 

 voy. 2. p. 78. 1808. fl. fr. 5. p. 601. icon. Gall. rar. fasc. 2. 

 ined. Habit of S. lutea, but the flowers are larger and rose- 

 coloured. 



Elegant Soapwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. \ to -1 ft. 



16 S. HJ'TEA (Lin. spec. 585. exclusive of the synonyme of 

 Bocc.) tufted ; stems 2-leaved ; flowers capitate, involucrated ; 

 calyx cylindrical, woolly, with obtuse, short lobes ; petals obo- 

 vate, entire, naked ; leaves linear, ciliated at the base, almost 

 all radical. I/ . F. Native of the Alps of Vallais and Pied- 

 mont on Mount Cenis. All. fl. ped. no. 1560. t. 23. f. 1. Co- 

 rolla yellow. Stamens violaceous. Habit of Fiscaria alplna. 



Yellow-fiowered Soapwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. 

 J to | foot. 



17 S. BELLIDIFOLIA (Smith, spic. bot. 5.) tufted; stems 4- 

 leaved ; flowers capitate, dense ; calyx terete, hairy ; petals 

 linear, crenate ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, with waved margins. 

 3 . F. Native of the highest mountains in Italy and Calabria, 

 &c. Portenschlag. pi. dalm. t. 7. f. 2. Bocc. mus. p. 75. t. 

 62. f. 1. Radical leaves, very like those of Globularia. Petals 

 red. Stamens yellow. 



Daisy-leaved Soapwort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. \ to | ft. 



Cult. All the species of Sapondria are very ornamental. 

 The S. ocymoides is one of the most beautiful plants we have in 

 our gardens, and is well adapted for ornamenting rock-work. 

 Those species belonging to section Bolanthus require to be kept 

 in pots, that they may be protected during winter by a frame. 

 A mixture of sand, loam, and peat suits them best, and the pots 

 should be well drained with potsherds. They are all easily 

 increased by parting the plants at the root or by seed ; young 

 cuttings of the branching species, planted under a hand-glass, 

 will root freely. The annual and biennial kinds only require to 

 be sown in the open border in spring. 



V. CUCU'BALUS (altered from Cacobohis, which is derived 

 from KctKos, kakos, bad, and fto\ri, bole, a shoot or sprig, that is 

 to say, a plant destructive of the soil, a bad plant, a weed. The 

 English name of this plant, campion, is derived from campus, a 

 field; in allusion to its being a pest in fields). Gaert. fruct. 1. 

 p. 376. t. 77. f. 7. D. C. prod. 1. p. 367. 



LIN. SYST. Decandria, Trigynia. Calyx campanulate, 

 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculate, with a bifid limb. 

 Capsules fleshy, 1-celled. Habit of plant very near to some 

 species of Silene, but differs from all in the fruit being a black 

 berry. 



1 C. BA'CCIFER (Lin. spec. 591.) branches divaricating; leaves 

 ovate ; calyx campanulate ; petals distant. "U. . H. Native of 

 Europe in shady places, particularly in Tartary, Germany, 

 France, Switzerland, and Italy. Mill. icon. t. 112. Smith, 

 engl. bot. t. 1577. Lychnanthus volubilis, Gmel. act. petrop. 

 1759. vol. 14. p. 525. t. 17. f. 1. Silene baccifera, Willd. 

 spec. 2. p. 700. Petals white, serrated. Notwithstanding Sir 

 J. E. Smith has rejected this plant as not being of British origin, 

 see engl. fl. vol. 2. p. 290. we have seen it growing plentifully 

 along with Silene infldta, by hedge sides, not far from Roslin 

 Castle near Edinburgh, in the year 1817. 



Berry-bearing Campion. Fl. May, Jul. Scotl. PL 1 to 2 ft. 

 Cult. This plant is not worth cultivating, except in botanical 

 gardens. Any common soil will suit it, and it may be either 

 increased by seeds or by dividing the plants at the root. 



VI. SILE'NE (said to be derived from <ria\ov, sialon, in 

 allusion to the viscid frothy moisture on the stalks of many of 

 the species, by which flies of the smaller kinds are entrapped, 

 hence the English name of the genus, Catchfly. Du Theis 

 deduces the name from the drunken god Silenus, whose name 



he supposes to have a similar origin). Lin. gen. no. 772. 

 Gart. fr. 1. p. 376. t. 77. f. 7. D. C. prod. 1. p. 367. 



LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Trigynia. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, 

 naked. Petals 5, bifid, unguiculate, usually crowned in the 

 throat with as many bifid scales. Stamens 10. Styles 3. Cap- 

 sules 3-celled at the base, ending in 6 teeth at the apex. 



SECT. I. NANOSILE'NE (from nanus, dwarf, and Silene). 

 Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 367. Plants tufted. Stems 

 almost wanting. Calyx somewhat inflated. Scapes or pedun- 

 cles 1 -flowered. 



1 S. ACAU'LIS (Lin. spec. 603.) glabrous ; stems dense, hum- 

 ble ; leaves linear -lanceolate ; flowers dioecious from abortion ; 

 peduncles solitary, short, 1 -flowered ; calyx campanulate ; 

 petals obovate or obcordate. I/ . H . Native of many parts of 

 Europe on the Alps. In Britain on the summits of the loftiest 

 mountains ; upon the steep and higher rocks of Snowden ; almost 

 every where on all the elevated mountains of Scotland, and 

 when in flower constitutes one of the most charming ornaments 

 of the Scottish Alps. The plant has lately been found by 

 Chamisso in the islands of Unalaschka, St. George, and St. Law- 

 rence, on the west coast of America. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1081. 

 Lightf. 227. t. 12. f. 1. Fl. dan. t. 21. Sims, bot. mag. 1881. 

 All. ped. t. 79. f. 1. Flowers small, of an elegant rose-colour. 



Var. a, mas (D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers larger, on longer 

 stalks ; stamens protruding ; ovary and styles abortive. S. 

 acaulis, Lin. spec. 603. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 749. 



Var. p, fce'mina (D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers smaller, 

 almost sessile ; stamens abortive ; styles protruding a long way. 

 S. exscapa, All. ped. no. 1584. t. 79. f. 2. S. acaulis /3, exscapa, 

 D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 749. 



Far. y, elongata(D.C. fl.fr. 4. p. 749.) peduncles elongated ; 

 flowers male. 



Far. Sfparviflora (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) pe- 

 duncles wanting ; flowers small, female. 



Far. t, alba (Otth. mss. and B.C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers 

 white, growing along with var. a on the Scottish Alps. 



Far. I,, plena (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers 

 large, of many petals. Native on mount Joms in the alps of 

 Rhaetia. 



Stemless Catchfly or Moss Campion. Fl. June, July. Bri- 

 tain. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 



2 S. DINA'RICA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 405.) stem tufted ; leaves 

 linear, elongated, smooth ; peduncles erect, pubescent ; calyx 

 hairy, blackish; petals bifid. If.. H. Native of Transylva- 

 nia. Flowers white or red. S. depressa, Baumg. 



Dinarian Catchfly. PI. -| foot. 



3 S. PUMI'LIO (Sturn. deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 22. t. 11.) stems 

 less dense than in S. acatilis ; leaves linear-spatulate, rather 

 pubescent ; peduncles or scapes short, 1-flowered ; calyx in- 

 flated, hairy. l/.H. Native of the alps of Germany. Cucu- 

 balus pumilio, Lin. mant. 71. Wulf in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 126. 

 t. 10. Jacq. aust. 5. app. t. 2. Flowers large; petals obcor- 

 date, crowned. 



Far. ft, dlba (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers 

 white. Sturm. 1. c. 



Dwarf Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. PL 2 to 3 inches. 



SECT. II. BEHENA'NTHA (from Behen, the Bladder Cam- 

 pion, avOos, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the calyx of all 

 the species contained in this section being bladdery). Otth. mss. 

 D. C. prod. 1. p. 367. Caulescent. Flowers solitary or pani- 

 cled. Calyx inflated, bladdery. 



* Petals jagged or fringed. 



4 S. FIMBRIA'TA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 980.) pubescent ; leaves 

 large, ovate-lanceolate, on long footstalks, undulated ; flowers 



