466 



MALVACE.3L IV. MODIOLA. V. KITAIBELIA. VI. ALTIMJA. 



620. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 210. Malva, sect. 4. Modiola, 

 D. C. prod. 1. p. 435. 



LIN. SV8T. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded 

 by a 3-leaved involucel. Petals entire. Tube of stamens 

 divided into fascicles at the apex. Styles connected at the base. 

 Capsule girded by the permanent calyx. Carpels many, separable, 

 bicuspidate, verticillate, 2-valved, opening internally. Seeds 2 in 

 each cell. Creeping or trailing herbs. Leaves 3-9, but usually 

 5-lobed, deeply serrate. Stipulas petiolar, twin. Peduncles 

 axillary, solitary, rarely twin, 1 -flowered, slender. Corolla vio- 

 laceous or red. This genus has been lately separated by M. 

 Auguste St. Hilaire from the genus Malva , we shall, therefore, 

 retain the authorities for the species under that genus. 



1 M. RE'PTANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 212. t. 43.) stem creep- 

 ing ; leaves 5-angled, profoundly 5-7-parted, cut; peduncles 

 axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves ; ovary very 

 hairy, 14-1 6-celled. 0. H. Native of Brazil in the provinces 

 of Cisplatine and Rio Grande do Sul, on rocks. Flowers red. 



Creeping Modiola. PI. creeping. 



2 M. CAROLINIA'NA (Lin. spec. 969.) leaves many-lobed, 

 deeply toothed ; pedicels solitary, shorter than the petioles ; 

 fruit crested. Q. H. Native of North America in fields 

 from Virginia to Carolina. Cav. diss. 2. t. 15. Dill. elth. t. 

 4. f. 4. Schurhr. handb. 1. Flowers dark red or vermilion. 

 Stem prostrate, rooting. Lower leaves undivided. 



Carolina Modiola. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1723. PI. prostrate. 



3 M. URTICIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 

 276.) leaves roundish-ovate, acute, obsoletely cordate, deeply 

 serrated, somewhat 9-lobed, rather pilose ; pedicel solitary, 

 shorter than the petioles ; flowers decandrous ; capsule of 15- 

 hispid carpels. I/ . G. Native of South America near Santa 

 Fe de Bogota. Flowers violet, very like those of M. Caroli- 

 niana. 



Nettle-leaved Modiola. Fl. July, Sept. PI. prostrate. 



4 M. PROSTRA^TA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 16. f. 3.) leaves palmately 

 5-7-lobed, deeply toothed ; pedicels solitary, rather longer than 

 the leaves ; fruit glabrous; petals entire. Q. H. Native of 

 Brazil at Monte Video by way sides. Sims, bot. mag. 2515. 

 Flowers red. Ovary 14-1 6-celled. 



Prostrate Modiola. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. prostrate. 



5 M. ERIOCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 436.) leaves palmately 

 5-lobed, deeply toothed ; pedicels in pairs, length of petioles ; 

 fruit villous. I/ . G. Native about Buenos Ayres in the fields 

 called the Pampas. Flowers red. 



Woolly-fruited Modiola. PI. prostrate. 



6 M. DECU'MBENS (Willd. enum. 731.) leaves ovate, deeply 

 toothed, somewhat lobed ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; 

 fruit villous ; petals entire, i; . G. Native of South America. 

 Flowers red. 



Decumbent Modiola. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1815. PI. decumbent. 



Cult. These plants will grow in any common garden-soil. 

 They are all increased by seeds, which may be sown in the open 

 border in April. The perennial kinds will require to be shel- 

 tered during severe weather. 



V. KITAIBE'LIA (in honour of Paul Kilaibel, formerly 

 professor of botany at Pest in Hungary, who travelled through 

 that country in search of plants ; author of Plantae Rariores 

 Hungarian, 3 vol. fol. Pest, in conjunction with Waldstein.) Willd. 

 nov. act. soc. n. Scrut. berl. 2. p. 107. t. 4. f. 4. D. C. prod. 

 1. p. 436. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 29. t. 31. 



LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by 

 a 7 or 9-cleft involucel. Carpels capsular, 1-seeded, collected 

 into a 5-lobed head. A large strong herb, with white flowers. 



1 K. VITIFOLIA (Willd. 1. c.) TJ. . H. Native of Hungary. 

 Leaves 5-lobed, acute, toothed. Flowers axillary. 



Vine-leaved Kitaibelia. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1801. PI. 5 to 8 ft. 

 Cult. This plant only requires to be planted in the open 

 border, and is increased by dividing at the root. 



VI. ALTH^E'A (from a\0ia, altho, to cure ; in allusion to the 

 well known salutary effects of Althaea, officinalis.) Cav. diss. 2. 

 p. 91. D. C. prod. l.p. 436. 



LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded 

 by a 6 or 9-cleft involucel. Carpels capsular, 1-seeded, disposed 

 into an orbicular head. Strong coarse plants, with the appear- 

 ance of Mallow. 



SECT. I. ALTH^A'STRUM (an alteration from Althce^a.} D. C. 

 prod. 1. p. 436. Althae'a, Lin. gen. no. 839. Lam. ill. t. 581. 

 Carpels emarginate, destitute of membranaceous margins. In- 

 volucel usually 8 or 9-cleft. 



1 A. OFFICINA' LIS (Lin. spec. 966.) leaves clothed with soft 

 white tomentum on both surfaces, cordate or ovate, toothed, 

 undivided or somewhat 5-lobed ; peduncles axillary, many- 

 flowered, much shorter than the leaves. l/[ . H. Native of 

 marshes, especially towards the sea-coast, in many parts of 

 Europe. In Britain abundantly. Smith, engl. bot. t. 147. 

 Woodv. t. 53. Fl. dan. 530. Cav. diss. 2. p. 93. t. 30. f. 2. 

 Flowers of a delicate uniform blush-colour. 



The whole plant, but especially the roots, abounds with muci- 

 lage. The roots are about the thickness of a finger, long and 

 fibrous. When peeled and dried, they are perfectly white ; and 

 certain districts of France are celebrated for producing them in 

 fine quality. They contain much mucilage, with saccharine 

 principle. Dr. .Duncan found that the decoction of the root 

 reddens turnsole, and gelatinizes silicized potass. It is used as 

 an emollient and demulcent in diseases attended with irritation 

 and pain, as in various pulmonary complaints, and in affections 

 of the alimentary canal and urinary organs ; and it is applied 

 externally in emollient fomentations, gargles, and clysters ; and 

 a favourite lozenge is named from it, Pate de Guimauve. In 

 France the plant is called Guimauve, mauve-qui, that is to say, 

 Clammy Mallow. It was anciently called Malva-visca, on ac- 

 count of the abundant mucilage in the roots. 



Officinal Marsh-Mallow. Fl. July, Sep. Britain. PI. 3 to 

 4 feet. 



2 A. TAURINE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 436.) leaves clothed on 

 both surfaces with soft white starry tomentum, trifid or rather 3- 

 parted ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered, rather longer than 

 the leaves, straight. If.. H. Native on hills about Turin. 

 A. officinalis ft, Willd. spec. 3. p. 771. Flowers blush-colour- 

 ed. An intermediate species between A. officinalis and A. Nar- 

 bonensis. 



Taurin Marsh-Mallow. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1817. P1.3to4ft. 



3 A. NARBONE'NSIS (Pourr. in Cav. diss. 2. p. 94. t. 29. f. 2.) 

 leaves pubescent, somewhat tomentose, lower ones 5 or 7- 

 lobed, upper ones 3-lobed ; peduncles many-flowered, lax, longer 

 than the leaves. 7. H. Native of France about Narbonne, 

 and of Spain. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 138. Asso, introd. in Oryct. 

 arrag. 175. t. 5. f. 1. Flowers of a pale red colour. 



Narbonne Marsh-Mallow. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1780. PI. 

 3 to 6 feet. 



4 A. CANNA'BINA (Lin. spec. 966.) leaves pubescent, and 

 somewhat hoary on the under surface, lower ones palmately- 

 parted, upper ones 3-parted ; lobes narrow, and grossly toothed ; 

 peduncles axillary, many-flowered, lax, longer than the leaves. 

 1 . H. Native of the south of France, Italy, and Hungary, on 

 the margins of woods. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 124. aust. t. 101. 

 Cav. diss. 2. p. 94. t. 30. f. 1 . Flowers rose-coloured. 



Hemp-like Marsh-Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1597. PI. 

 5 or 6 feet. 



