552 



XI. VINCENTIA. XII. COLUMBIA. XIII. TILIA. 



advocate in the Mauritius, a great cultivator and patron of natu- 

 ral history, particularly botany). Bojer. mss. Hook. hot. misc. 

 pt. 3. p. 293. t. 62. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 reflexed, 

 deciduous sepals. Corolla of 5 bifid petals, each furnished with 

 a scale at the base. Torus pentagonal. Stamens numerous, 

 free, inserted in the stipe-formed torus. Style permanent, 

 crowned by a 4-lobed stigma. Capsule globose, indehiscent, 

 containing 4, 5-celled, 5-seeded nuts, or only 1-celled, 1-seeded 

 from abortion. Seeds horizontal, pear-shaped, compressed. 

 Albumen wanting. A tree with the appearance of U'lmus cam- 

 pestris, having alternate, stalked, oval, oblong, deeply serrated, 

 acuminated leaves, adult ones more cordate, waved, smooth, and 

 shining, 3-nerved at the base, pale beneath. Peduncles short, 

 axillary, solitary or twin, 3-flowered, the 3 flowers are inclosed 

 within a bractea before expansion, hairy. Petals yellow. 



1 V. TRIFLORA (Bojer. mss. Hook. 1. c.). Tj S. Native of 

 Madagascar. 



Three-flowered Vincentia. Tree 30 feet. 



Cult. To be propagated and cultivated in the same manner 

 as that recommended for Grervia, which see. 



XII. COLU'MBIA (in honour of the celebrated Christopher 

 Columbus, discoverer of America in 1493 ; his descendants are 

 called Colon in Spain at this day ; hence the genus was originally 

 called Colona by Cavanilles, but afterwards altered by Persoon 

 to Columbia.) Pers. ench. 2. p. 66. D. C. prod. 1. p. 512. 

 Colona, Cav. icon. 4. p. 47. t. 370. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 deciduous 

 sepals, which are coloured on the inside. Petals 5, furnished 

 each with a scale at the base. Torus pentagonal, stipe-formed. 

 Stamens numerous, free. Style twice as long as the stamens. 

 Fruit globose, 4-celled, with 4 double wings, each carpel having 

 2 wings and 2 seeds. Trees resembling the elm, with serrated, 

 alternate leaves, and terminal and axillary racemes of red flowers, 

 forming a panicle, the partial peduncles are furnished with 3 trifid 

 bracteas and 3-flowers each. 



1 C. SERRATIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 512.) leaves ovate-lan- 

 ceolate, serrate, 3-nerved and oblique at the base, glaucous be- 

 neath ; flowers in terminal and axillary bracteate racemes. 



*2 S. Native of the Philippine islands. C. Americana, Pers. 

 ench. 2. p. 66. Colona serratifolia, Cav. icon. 4. p. 47. t. 370. 

 Serrate -leaved Columbia. Tree 20 feet. 



2 C. JAVA NICA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 658.) 

 leaves cordate, acuminate, somewhat serrulated, 5-nerved at the 

 base, scabrous above, but clothed with starry tomentum beneath, 

 as well as the terminal divaricating panicle ; capsule villous, 

 with the wings dilated on the outside. Tj . S. Native of Java. 

 Flowers red ? An elegant tree, with the habit of Theobroma, 

 with the younger leaves sometimes lobed. 



Java Columbia. Tree 50 feet. 



3 C. CELE'BICA (Blum, ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 205.) leaves 

 oblique at the base, oblong, acuminated, serrate, 3-nerved, sca- 

 brous above, but covered with starry down beneath, as well as 

 the panicled, terminal racemes ; wings of capsule rounded. Jj . 

 S. Native of the Island of Celebes. 



Celebes Columbia. Tree 36 feet. 



Cult. The species of Columbia will thrive well in a mixture 

 of sand and loam, and half-ripened cuttings will root freely in 

 sand under a hand-glass, in heat. 



XIII. TI'LIA (an obscure name, the etymology of which is 

 entirely unknown ; in Dutch and Swedish it is called Linden, in 

 Anglo-Saxon Lind., in English Lime-tree). Lin. gen. no. 660 

 D.C. prod. 512. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, deci- 

 duous. Petals 5, each furnished with a scale at the base on the 

 inside, or wanting the scale. Stamens numerous ; filaments 

 free or somewhat disposed into many bundles. Ovary globose, 

 villous, crowned by the deciduous style, 5-celled; cells 1-2- 

 seeded, but many of the cells often prove abortive. Cotyle- 

 dons sinuately toothed. Handsome trees, with spreading alter- 

 nate branches ; alternate, stalked, heart-shaped, acute, serrated, 

 deciduous leaves, hairy at the origin of their veins ; panicled, 

 yellowish, fragrant flowers, which are continually haunted by 

 bees, with an oblong, entire bractea, united to the common stalk. 

 Capsules with or without angles. Qualities mucilaginous. Inner 

 bark tough and fibrous. Wood smooth, light, delicately white. 

 The sap instipated affords a quantity of sugar. 



1. Petals without scales. All European species. T. Euro- 

 pcda, Lin. spec. 733. 



1 T. MICROPHY'LLA (Vent. diss. p. 4. t. 1. f. 1.) leaves cor- 

 date, roundish, acuminated, sharply serrated, smooth above, 

 glaucous and bearded beneath in the axils of the veins, as well 

 as with hairy blotches ; fruit rather globose, hardly ribbed, very 

 thin and brittle. J? . H. Native of Europe in sub-mountainous 

 woods. In England frequent in Essex and Sussex. T. Euro- 

 pae x a var. y, Lin. spec. 733. T. uhnifolia, Scop. earn. no. 642. 

 T. sylvestris, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 152. T. parvifolia, Ehrh. 

 ex fl. helv. 1. p. 317. Engl. bot. t. 1705. T. cordata, Mill. diet. 

 Flowers small, fragrant, of a greenish-yellow colour in compound 

 umbels. 



Small-leaved Lime-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. Tree 50 ft. 



2 T. EUROP^A (Lin. spec. 733.) leaves cordate, acuminated, 

 serrated, smooth, except a tuft of hair at the origin of the 

 veins beneath, twice the length of the petioles ; cymes many- 

 flowered ; fruit coriaceous, downy. Tj . H. Native of the 

 north of Europe. In- Britain in woods and hedges, or upon 

 grassy declivities. Smith, engl. bot. t. 610. T. intermedia, 

 Hayne and Svenk. bot. t. 40. T. Europaeaborealis, Wahl. ups. 

 181. Oed. fl. dan. t. 553. Flowers delightfully fragrant. Pe- 

 tals obovate, of a pale-lemon colour. This tree is cultivated 

 all over England, as well as in some parts of Scotland. The 

 French, growing tired of the horse-chesnut, as Du Hamel 

 reports, adopted this tree for ornamental plantations in the 

 time of Louis XIV. It generally composes the avenues about 

 the residences of the French as well as the English gentry 

 of that date, and Fenelon, in conformity to this, decorates with 

 flowering lime-trees his enchanted isle of Calypso. The inner 

 bark of this, and perhaps some other species, macerated in water, 

 makes the Russia garden-mats, called Bass or Bast-mats. Mr. 

 P. Lindegaard obtained excellent bass for tying plants, by placing 

 the smooth lateral branches of the tree in water in April and 

 towards midsummer ; the branches were taken up when the bark 

 loosened perfectly from the alburnum. It was then peeled off, 

 and washed in water to make the glutinous matter separate, and 

 hung up to dry. This method of making bass will be found of 

 great importance to gardeners resident in the country at a dis- 

 tance from a town, where the lime-tree abounds. Bees collect much 

 honey from the flowers. The smooth, light, delicately white, 

 and uniform wood is used for some domestic purposes, and by 

 the carver, turner, and musical-instrument maker ; it served 

 Gibbons for his inimitable carvings of flowers, dead game, &c. 

 so often seen in old English houses, the duke of Devonshire's at 

 Chatsworth, choir of St. Paul's, &c. It forms an excellent char- 

 coal for gunpowder. An ancient lime-tree of great magnitude; 

 which grew where the ancestors of Linnaeus had long resided, 

 is said to have given them their family name, Linn being the 

 Swedish for a lime-tree (Smith.) The famous konino honey is 

 made exclusively from the blossoms of this tree. Near Kowno in 



