AURANTIACE^:. XI. GLYCOSMIS. XII. FERONIA. XIII. 



. XIV. CITRUS. 



587 



small, white, very fragrant. Fruit red, about the size of a small 

 cherry, and which are eaten by birds. 



Five-leaved Glycosmis. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1790. Sh. 6 ft. 



Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of turfy 

 loam and peat, with the addition of a little rotten dung. Ri- 

 pened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. 



XII. FERO'NI A (Feronia, the goddess of the forests). Cor. 

 in Lin. soc. trans. 5. p. 224. D. C. prod. 1. p. 538. 



LIN. SYST. Dccandria, Monogynia. Flowers usually poly- 

 gamous. Calyx flat, 5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong, spreading. 

 Stamens 10, rarely 11, with filaments which are villous, dilated, 

 and connected at their bases, and oblong, erect, tetragonal 

 anthers. Ovary seated on an elevated disk, crowned by an 

 elliptic-globose sessile stigma. Berry baccate, 5-celled ; cells 

 many-seeded ; seeds imbedded in spongy pulp. Trees and 

 shrubs with impari-pinnate leaves and racemose flowers. 



1 F. ELEFHA'NTUM (Corr. 1. c. Roxb. cor. 2. t. 141.) leaflets 

 5-7, obovate, sessile, crenulated, shining ; common petiole with 

 a narrow, smooth margin. 17 . S. Native of Coromandel, in 

 woods on the mountains. Spines simple. Leaves smooth. 

 Panicle small, axillary, or terminal. Flowers white with reddish 

 anthers. Fruit large, about the size of an apple with a greyish 

 rind ; the pulpy part is universally eaten on the coast of Coro- 

 mandel. The wood is white, hard, and durable. There is a 

 transparent liquor which exudes from the stem when cut or 

 broken, which is useful for mixing with painters' colours. 



Elephant Apple. Clt. 1804. Tree 30 feet. 



2 F. PELLU'CIDA (Roth. nov. spec. p. 384.) leaves full of pellu- 

 cid dots ; common petiole round, pubescent. fj . S. Native of 

 the East Indies. Flowers white. Fruit eatable. 



PeMucid-dotted-leaved Elephant Apple. Tree 20 feet. 



Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of turfy 

 loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a 

 hand-glass, in heat. 



XIII. jE'GLE (AtyXT/, Mgle, one of the Hesperides. The 

 fable of the golden apple in the garden of the Hesperides is well 

 known. The fruit of this tree is analogous to an orange). Corr. 

 in Lin. soc. trans. 5. p. 222. B.C. prod. 1. p. 358. Belou. 

 Adans. fam. 2. p. 408. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-5-lobed (f. 

 101. a.). Petals 3-5 (f. 101. 6.), spreading. Stamens 30-36, 

 unconnected, with long, linear, mucronate anthers (f. 101. c.) 

 Stigma almost sessile. Fruit baccate, at length woody, turbi- 

 nately globose, many-celled (f. 101. rf.) ; cells many-seeded. 

 Seeds imbedded in fleshy mucous pulp. Auricles of cotyledons 

 very short (Mirb.). Shrubs with simple and double spines and 

 trifoliate leaves ; leaflets toothletted. 



1 IE. MA'RMELOS (Corr. 1. c. 

 Roxb. corom. 2. t. 143.) middle 

 leaflet stalked ; fruit 1 5-celled. 

 fj . S. Native of the mountainous 

 parts of Coromandel and elsewhere 

 in the East Indies. Cratae'va Mar- 

 melos, Lin. spec. 637. The fruit 

 is much larger than that of Feronia 

 elephdnlum, and is very delicious 

 to the taste ; and exquisitely fra- 

 grant. It is not only nutritious, 

 but possesses an aperient quality 

 which is particularly serviceable in 

 habitual costiveness ; it contains a 

 large quantity of exceedingly te- 

 nacious transparent gluten, which 

 may be drawn out, when fresh, 

 into fine threads 2 or 3 yards in length. From the rind the 



FIG. 101. 



Dutch in Ceylon prepare a perfume. The flowers are disposed in 

 axillary and terminal panicles ; they are white, and very fragrant. 



Marmelos Bengal Quince. Clt. 1759. Shrub 10 ft. 



2 JE. SEPIA'RIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 538.) leaflets obovate- 

 oblong, obtuse, sessile ; lateral ones smallest ; fruct 7-celled. 

 Tj . S. Native of Japan. Citrus trifoliata, Lin. spec. 1101. 

 Ssi. Ksempf. amcen. 801. t. 802. Flowers axillary, solitary, 

 white. Pulp of fruit glutinous, ungrateful to the taste, but 

 possessing a laxative aperient quality. This shrub forms strong 

 hedges in Japan, from its long, stiff, sharp thorns. 



Hedge Bengal Quince. Shrub 8 feet. 



Cult. These shrubs thrive best in a rich loamy soil ; ripe 

 cuttings, not deprived of any of their leaves, will root in sand 

 under a hand-glass, in heat. 



XIV. "CITRUS (it is supposed that this genus has derived 

 its name from the town of Citron in Judea, but it is very doubtful.) 

 Lin. gen. no. 1218. D. C. prod. 1. p. 539. 



LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polyandria, or Polyandria. Mono- 

 gynia. Calyx urceolate, 3-5-cleft. Petals 5-8. Stamens 20- 

 60, with compressed filaments, which are more or less connected 

 together at the base into many bundles, or free. .Anthers 

 oblong. Style cylindrical, crowned by a hemispherical stigma. 

 Fruit baccate, 7-12-celled ; cells many-seeded, full of pulp, 

 spermaderm, membranous. Auricles of cotyledons very short. 

 Evergreens, trees, or shrubs, with axillary spines and simple 

 leaves, with their petioles usually winged. Flowers white and 

 exquisitely fragrant but heavy. Fruit with a yellow rind, and 

 soft, usually delicious pulp. This genus contains the orange, 

 lemon, lime, and shaddock. Citrus is the most striking of 

 fruit-bearing trees, and must have attracted the notice of abo- 

 riginal man long before other fruits of less beauty but of more 

 nutriment or flavour. The golden apples of the heathens and 

 the forbidden fruit of the Jews are supposed to allude to this 

 genus, though it is remarkable that we have no authentic records 

 of any species of Citrus having been known ; certainly none 

 were cultivated by the Romans. 



Dr. Sickler, who spent 6 years in Italy, and paid great atten- 

 tion to the kinds and culture of the Citrus tribe, published at 

 Weimer in 1815, a quarto volume called Vollkommene Orangerie- 

 Gartner, in which he describes 74 sorts. He arranges the whole 

 into 2 classes, and these classes into divisions and subdivisions, 

 without regard to their botanical distinctions or species, as fol- 

 lows : 



,-Cedrates or Citrons 4 sorts. 



^-Round Lemons 6 do. 



I Pear-shaped do. 1 1 do. 

 T } Cylindrical do. 4 do. 



Lemons. < ' nS> ) Gourd-shaped do. 2 do. 



/ Wax do. 5 do. 



vLumies 8 do. 



Cedrate Lemons or Citronates ... 6 do. 



'Limes 4 do. 



f Bitter Oranges 6 do. 



Oranges. % Sour Oranges 6 do. 



t-Sweet Oranges 12 do. 



A short delineation of Dr. Sickler's treatise by Dr. Noehden 

 will be found in Hort. trans, vol. 3. append., which is perhaps 

 of more use for the Italian names of the varieties than for any 

 other information it contains. 



In the districts towards the sea-coast in the south and south- 

 west of Italy, especially about Sorento and Amalfii, you meet 

 not only with groves of Orange and Lemon trees, but almost with 

 forests. 



1 C. ME'DICA (Risso, arm. mus. 20. p. 199. t. 2. f. 2.) branches 

 spiny; petioles naked ; leaves oblong, obtuse ; flowers with 35-40 

 4 i 2 



I 



