AURANTIACE.E. XIV. CITRUS. 



589 



juice is truly specific in the prevention and cure of scurvy ; that 

 is, its effects are certain, and cannot be explained, for the crys- 

 talized acid, and even the rob or inspissated syrup, do not pro- 

 duce the same salutary effects. It is given freely mixed with 

 water and sugar, and in a short time the symptoms disappear. 

 The juice is also a powerful and agreeable antiseptic. Its powers 

 are much increased, according to Dr. Wright, by saturating it 

 with muriate of soda. This mixture he recommends as possess- 

 ing very great efficacy in dissentery, remittent fevers, the belly- 

 ache, putrid sore-throat, and as being perfectly specific in dia- 

 betes and lienteria. Citric-acid is often used with great success 

 for allaying vomiting ; with this intention it is mixed with car- 

 bonate of potass, from which it expels the carbonic acid with 

 effervescence. This mixture should be drank as soon as it is 

 made, or the carbonic acid gas, on which its anti-emetic power 

 chiefly depends, may be extricated in the stomach itself, by first 

 swallowing the carbonate of potass dissolved in water, and 

 drinking immediately afterwards the acid properly sweetened. 

 The doses are about a scruple of the carbonate dissolved in 8 or 

 10 drachms of water, and an ounce of Lemon-juice, or an equi- 

 valent quantity of Citric-acid. Lemon-juice, as well as Lime- 

 juice, is also an ingredient in many pleasant refrigerent drinks, 

 which are of very great use in allaying febrile heat and thirst. 

 Of these the most generally useful is Lemonade, or diluted 

 Lemon, or Lime-juice sweetened. (Duncan, edinb. disp. p. 309.) 



Median Apple or Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1 648. Tree 

 8 to 15 feet. 



2 C. LIME'TTA (Risso, ann. mus. 20. p. 195. t. 2. f. 1.) pe- 

 tioles subalate ; leaves ovate-roundish, serrated ; flowers with 30 

 stamens; fruit 'globose, with a blunt nipple-like protuberance at 

 the apex, a firm rind, and sweet pulp. Tj . G. Native of Asia, 

 but cultivated in Italy. C. Medica Limon, Gal. citr. no. 10, 

 25-38. Ferr. hesp. t. 230. 395. 233. 321. Corolla white on 

 both sides. This is commonly called Sweet Lime or Lemon, 

 Bergamotte, Limeta, Peretta, Lima dolce, Lime douce, Limo dulcis, 

 Limetta Bergamotta. A rather tall tree, with diverging branches. 

 The corolla is of a fine white colour, and composed of 5 oblong 

 petals, which are rounded at the apex, covered with small pores 

 full of essential aromatic oil. 



There are also 7 varieties of this enumerated by Risso, which 

 are as follows : 



1 Small-fruited Sweet Lime (Engl.). Lemettier petit fruit. Petit 

 Lime douce(Fr.\ Lima dolce piccolo (Ital.), Limeta picouna(Nice), 

 Citrus Limetta fructu pumilo (Risso). Fruit small, somewhat 

 depressed, crowned, of a yellow-greenish colour, with a very 

 smooth rind and sweet pulp. This variety is cultivated in the 

 gardens. It differs from the species to which it is analogous, in 

 the tree being lower in stature, and in the leaves being more 

 toothletted on the edge*. 



2 Lemon-formed Sweet Lime (Engl.) Limettier limoniforme 

 (Fr.), Limoun douce (Nice), Lima dolce (Ital.), Citrus Limetta 

 limoniforme (Risso). Fruit roundish-oblong, copper-coloured, with 

 a very sweet pulp. Ferr. 1. 3. ex. p. 227. t. 230. Vole. p. 159 

 and 160. This fine and rare variety has been confounded with 

 the common Sweet Lime. From which it differs not only in the 

 flowers and leaves, but in the form of the fruit, as well as in its 

 juice and seeds. It is a much larger tree than the preceding 

 variety. The calyx is reddish, and the corolla is of a beautiful 

 white, bearing from 30 to 45 unequal stamens. The fruit is 

 oblong-roundish, terminated by 2 protuberances, with a long 

 navel-like protuberance, and the rind is of a dark yellowish- 

 saffron colour. The rind is insipid. The pulp has a taste as 

 sweet as sugar, and is very agreeable. The seeds are oblong, 

 pointed at one end, but blunt at the other. The tree is very rare 

 in the gardens. 



3 Starry Sour Orange (Engl.), Limettier a fruit eloile. 



Mella Rose (Fr.), Melarosa (Ital.), Metarosa (Nice), Citrus 

 Limetta fructu, stellato (Risso). Fruit subrotund, depressed, 

 striated, crowned, containing acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 393. t. 

 395. Volc.p. 190, 191. Gal. p. 141. no. 38. This tree is of ordi- 

 nary size. The calyx is short. The corolla is small and white, 

 with 30 unequal stamens, which sometimes change into lanceo- 

 late petals. The fruit is round, of a yellow colour, crowned by 

 a small, blunt, nipple-like protuberance ; the rind is thin, adher- 

 ing closely to the pulp. The seeds are oval and striped. 



4 Bergamote Lime (Engl.), Lemettier Bergamote, Ber- 

 gamote (Fr.), Bergamota (Nice), Bergamoto (Ital.), Citrus 

 Limetta Bergdmium (Risso). Leaves ovate, acute, toothed ; 

 fruit golden, quite smooth, with an acid and bitter pulp. Vole, 

 p. 155 and 156. Desf.p. 138. Gal. p. 118. no. 25. The branches 

 are spiny. The leaves are large, on long petioles. The flowers 

 are white, and have a particular scent, composed of 4 or 5 

 petals, with about 26 stamens. The fruit is large and spherical, 

 of the form of a pear, terminated by a small nipple-like protu- 

 berance ; the rind is thin, of a golden-yellow colour, enclosing 

 an acid and equally bitter pulp. The seeds are oblong. 



5 Pear Lemon (Engl.), Limettier Perette (Fr.), Peret- 

 ta (Ital.), Pereta (Nice), Citrus Limetta Peretta (Risso). 

 Fruit ovate, ribbed lengthwise, very sweet-scented, with an 

 acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 231. t. 233. This variety is easily 

 distinguished by the fruit being in the form of a pear. The 

 branches are straight, and furnished with spines. The leaves 

 are oval and rounded, and finely toothletted, on long stalks. 

 The flowers are purplish on the outside, containing about 35 

 stamens. The fruit is of a fine yellow colour, and is traversed 

 longitudinally with stripes, which are not very apparent, and ter- 

 minated by a small, sharp, nipple-like protuberance, of an agree- 

 able odour ; the rind is thick, and the pulp is acid. 



6 Adam Apple (Engl.), Limettier pomme d'Adam, Pomme 

 d'Adam (Fr.), Porno d'Adamo (Ital.), Citrus Limetta pomum 

 Adami (Risso, 1. c.) Leaves ovate-oblong, curled ; petioles 

 winged ; fruit very large, round, of a greenish-colour, with a 

 sweet pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 317. t. 321. Vole. p. 181, 182. 

 Desf. p. 138. Gal. p. 138. This variety will form a distinct s'pe- 

 cies at some future day. The branches are furnished witli 

 very small spines, and are traversed longitudinally with white 

 stripes. The leaves are oval-oblong, waved at the margins, of a 

 dark-green colour, with broad winged petioles. The flowers 

 are white, and contain about 40 stamens. Fruit with a thick 

 rind and sweet but equally bitter and acid pulp. The varieties 

 of this kind are called Lumies. 



7 Rose Sweet Lime (Engl.), Limettier Pomme rose (Fr.), Mello 

 rosa (Ital.), Poum roso (Nice), Citrus Limetta pomum rosce 

 (Risso). Fruit roundish-oblong, usually pear-shaped, rough, of a 

 pale-copper colour, very sweet-scented, with an acid pulp. Ferr. 

 hesp. 231. t. 233. The branches of this variety are brittle and 

 spiny. The" leaves are oval, toothletted, on long petioles, of a 

 dark-green colour. The flowers are few in number, white, of 5 

 oblong petals, and about 30 stamens. The fruit is roundish- 

 oblong, but often pear-shaped, of a saffron-yellow colour ; the 

 rind is thick, hard, and of a very agreeable smell ; the pulp is 

 divided into 10 cells, which contain acid juice. The seeds are 

 less numerous than in the other varieties. 



8 Limeira embiguda of Brazil. The fruit is large and glo- 

 bular, and terminated by a large protuberance. The rind is thin 

 and the flesh very sweet. They cultivate at Bahia a second 

 variety of this orange under the name of Limeira de Persia ; 

 it has a very large fruit, and is also terminated by a point ; the 

 inside of the rind is bitter, and outside smooth. The pulp is 

 very sweet. 



Sweet Lime and Lumy Fl. May, July. Clt. 1648. Tree 8 to 

 15 feet. 



