AURANTIACE&. XIV. CITRUS. 



593 



a number of dishes. It is used to form various perfumes and 

 pomades, and the flowers distilled produce orange-water, used 

 in cooking, medicine, and as a perfume, but the chief use of the 

 sweet orange is for the dessert. 



There are 1 9 varieties of the orange enumerated by Risso. 



1 Common Orange. Stem erect, branched, spiny ; leaves 

 ovate, oblong, and acute, slightly crenulated on the margins, 

 smooth, and of a dark-green colour, on long petioles. Pedun- 

 cles axillary, solitary, smooth, each bearing from 2-6-flowers. 

 calyx pale-green, 5-cleft. Petals 5, oval-oblong, terminated by 

 a point, of a beautiful white colour, furnished with green glands. 

 Stamens from 20-22, unequal, with the filaments united at their 

 bases by fours. The fruit is round, smooth, of a beautiful 

 golden colour, with a rather thick rind, and the pulp is divided 

 into 9 or 11 cells, full of a sweet yellow juice. Seeds roundish. 

 This tree bears exquisite fruit, which resists the cold, but it is 

 at the same time but little cultivated in the south of Europe, on 

 account of its not bearing well until it is about 25 or 30 years 

 old, as well as because the fruit is apt in windy weather to come 

 against the spines of the branches, which injures them, and there- 

 fore renders them unfit to resist a long voyage. 



2 Majorca Orange (Engl.). Granger de Majorque (Fr ). Aran- 

 cio di Majorca (Ital.). Pourtegalie Majourkin (Nice). Citrus 

 Aurantium Baledricum (Risso). Fruit globose, shining, with a 

 thick rind and sweet pulp. Gall. p. 153. no. 30. The branches 

 are furnished with spines at their base. The leaves are less 

 than in the preceding tree, thicker, and more shining. The pe- 

 duncles are very long, from 3-6-flowered ; they have a pleasant 

 sweet smell. The fruit is globose, smooth, deeply coloured, 

 and arrives very soon at maturity. It will keep a longer time 

 than any of the other varieties ; the pulp is very sweet, and 

 usually without seeds. This tree is not much cultivated, on 

 account of its not being very productive. 



3 China Orange (Engl.). Granger de la Chine (Fr.). Aran- 

 ciojino (Ital). Pourtegalie de Malta (Nice). Citrus Aurantium 

 Sinense (Risso). Ferr. hesp. p. 425. t. 427. Cornel, hesp. no. 

 8. Vole. p. 185 and 186. This is a very majestic tree. The 

 leaves are oval-oblong, sometimes roundish, a little waved at 

 the margins, of a pale-green colour, upon long petioles. The 

 flowers are usually disposed in corymbs, these are situated upon 

 the tops of the branches. The fruit is round, depressed, firm, 

 weighty, of considerable diameter ; the rind is very thin, ad- 

 hering closely to the pulp, which is very sweet. The seeds 

 are oblong, with a curved point. This tree is much cultivated 

 at Nice. The fruit is not so sensible to cold as the other va- 

 rieties. 



4 Nice Orange (Engl.). Granger de Nice, Granger a fruit 

 doux(Fr.). Arancio dolce (Ital.). Pourtegalie noustral (Nice). 

 Citrus Auruntium Nicae'nse (Risso, 1. c. pi. 1. f. 1.). Vole. p. 187 

 and 188. Desf. tab. de 1'ecol. de bot. p. 138. This orange, 

 from the abundance of its fruit, forms a very lucrative produc- 

 tion for the inhabitants of Nice. The leaves are oval-oblong, 

 tapering gradually to a point, of a beautiful shining green, 

 bearing in their axils a great quantity of bunches of sweet- 

 scented flowers towards the months of March and April. The 

 fruit is round, usually depressed at both extremities, firm, of a 

 beautiful yellow colour, with a thin rind ; the pulp is divided 

 into 10 or 12 cells, full of sweet and pleasant juice, and oblong 

 seeds. This tree is generally cultivated. 



5 Genoa Orange (Engl.). Granger de Genes (Fr.). Aran- 

 cio di Genova (Ital.). Pourtegalie de Geneva (Nice). Citrus 

 Aurantium Genuense (Risso). This tree is very large. The 

 leaves are small, oval-oblong, pointed, of a fine dark green. 

 The flowers are disposed in bunches, and are composed some- 

 times of only 3 petals. The fruit is round, but sometimes 

 oblong, commonly marked with a little ridge, which extends even 

 to the middle of the rind, which is rather thick, and of a beautiful 



vot. i. PART. vii. 



yellow colour ; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of a sweet 

 juice. The seeds are yellowish. 



6 Thick-rinded Grange (Engl.). Granger a fruit de la grosse 

 ecorce, Granger a ecorce du fruit epaisse (Fr.). Arancio a 



frutto di corteccia spessa (Ital.). Pourtegalie bouffat (Nice). 

 Citrus Aurantium cortecrasso (Risso). Fruit large, round, with a 

 thick rind and sweetish pulp. The leaves of this variety are 

 always of a beautiful green, usually collected in tufts at the tops 

 of the branches. The flowers are very large. The fruit is very 

 large, round, of a deep-yellow colour, with a very thick granu- 

 lated spongy rind, adhering closely to the pulp, which is divided 

 into 10 cells, some of these contain a few small seeds ; the juice 

 is sweet and more watery than in the preceding varieties, which 

 is the cause of the fruit not being easily preserved any length of 

 time. This tree bears fruit well as an espalier, but is very little 

 cultivated about Nice. 



7 Teat-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit mamelone 

 (Fr.). Arancio scabroso (Ital.). Pourtegalie gibous (Nice). 

 Citrus Aurantium gibbosum (Risso). Fruit round, with a sweetish 

 insipid pulp. The tree is large, and very branchy. The leaves 

 are usually curled. The fruit is round, of a reddish-yellow 

 colour, covered with large protuberances, and its juice is never 

 so sweet as the other varieties. 



8 Small-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a petit fruit (Fr.). 

 Arancio picciol frutto (Ital.). Pourtegalie gallo (Nice). Citrus 

 Aurdntium microcdrpon (Risso). Many gardeners are of opinion 

 that this variety was the first that was introduced to the south 

 of Europe, but particularly about Nice. It differs from all the 

 other varieties in the leaves being smaller, situated upon petioles, 

 which are a little winged at the base. The flowers are collected 

 into bundles at the tops of the branches, each containing about 

 26 stamens. The fruit is always very small, and of a pale-yellow 

 colour, full of a sweetish juice. 



9 Doubled/lowered Orange (Engl.). Granger a jleur double 

 (Fr.). Arancio a fior doppio (Ital.). Pourtegalie ajlou doublo 

 (Nice). Citrus Aurantium duplex (Risso). Frviit somewhat 

 globose, usually fetiferous, with a sweet pulp. Vole. p. 201 

 and 202. Calv. no. 9. Gal. p. 159. no. 35. The leaves are 

 large. The flowers are composed of from 6-10 petals. The 

 pistil is usually divided into two parts at the top, each bearing 

 a yellow stigma. The fruit is very different from the other 

 varieties, as the pulp is formed of a double unequal range of 

 cells, all of which are full of sweet juice. This tree is very 

 little cultivated. 



10 Malta Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit rouge (Fr.) 

 Arancio sanguigno (Ital.). Pourtegalie rouge (Nice). Citrus 

 Aurantium Hierochunticum (Risso). Fruit globose with a thin 

 rind and blood-coloured pulp. Till. 21. t. 16. Calv. no. 7. 

 Ferr. hesp. p. 429. Gal. p. 156. no. 32. The fruit is of a 

 golden colour, but becoming as red as blood at maturity ; the 

 pulp is divided into 9 cells, full of very sweet juice and small 

 seeds. 



1 1 Compressed-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit 

 deprime (Fr.). Arancio a frutto compresso (Ital.). Pourtegalie 

 galleto (Nice). Citrus Aurdntium fructu depresso (Risso). Fruit 

 round, depressed, with a sweet pulp. The fruit of this variety 

 is not much esteemed in commerce, on account of the depres- 

 sion at the extremities. The trees are very large. The leaves 

 are long oval. The flowers are collected into corymbs. The 

 fruit is large and round, of a lively colour, with a smooth thick 

 rind ; the pulp is divided into 10 or 12 cells, which contain but 

 a small quantity of sweet juice but a great number of seeds. 

 This tree is not much cultivated. 



12 Ribbed-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit a cote 

 (Fr.). Arancio a frutto coslato (Ital.). Pourtegalie regat (Nice). 

 Citrus Aurantium, fructu costato (Risso). Fruit ribbed, crowned 

 by a point, with a sweetish pulp. The fruit is of a middle size, 



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