AURANTIACE^E. XIV. CITRUS. 



595 



The seeds are oblong, of a yellow colour. Seville or Bitter 

 Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier sauvage (Fr.). Citrone, Sour sylvatico 

 (Ital.). Citroun sauvage (Nice). Ferr. 377. Vole. 186. Gal. 121. 

 The juice of the Seville orange is used in medicine in febrile 

 and inflammatory disorders, but that of the other sorts possesses 

 the same qualities in a lesser degree. It is chiefly used for 

 making marmalade, and a variety of other agreeable confections. 

 The acid of oranges, Dr. Cullen observes, unites with the bile, 

 takes off its bitterness, and may be useful in obviating disorders 

 arising from its acidity. The qualities of the Seville orange are 

 exactly the same as that of the lemon and lime. Orange-water is 

 obtained from the flowers by distillation. 



1 Common Seville Orange (Engl.). Granger bigarade (Fr.). 

 4ranciocitrone(Ita.\.). LimounSan Vincent (Nice). Citrus vulgaris 

 (Risso). A tall tree with greyish bark, with the branchlets furnished 

 with deciduous points at the base of the petioles. The leaves are 

 oval-oblong, finely denticulated. The flowers are always disposed 

 in terminal corymbs. The calyx is whitish and deeply 5-lobed. 

 Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 30. The fruit is roundish-oblong, 

 terminated by a large obtuse point, of a dark-yellow colour, 

 with a few little protuberances. The rind is thick, adhering to 

 the pulp, which is divided into 8 cells, full of an acid bitter 

 juice, and does not contain any seeds. This tree bears flowers 

 and fruit all the year round. 



2 Horned Seville Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier cornu (Fr.). 

 Citrone cornuto (Ital.). Sitroun daude (Nice). Citrus vulgaris 

 corniculata (Risso). Fruit roundish, with a thick, wrinkled rind, 

 mucronate. Ferr. p. 407. t. 409. This is a tall tree. The 

 leaves are large, elliptical, of a dark-green colour. The flowers 

 are usually disposed in pairs. The fruit is large, of a reddish- 

 yellow colour, full of small tubercles, the pulp is divided into 

 10 or 14 cells, full of an acid bitter pulp, containing angular 

 seeds. This variety is very generally cultivated in the south of 

 Europe for its flowers, which are used in the composition called 

 eau-de-Bigura.de, as well as for its fruit, which is used to season 

 meat. 



3 Banquette Bigarade or Bouquette Seville Orange (Engl.). 

 Bigaradier bouquctier (Fr.). Citrone a foglia rizza (Ital). 

 Bouquetie (Nice). Citrus vulgaris folio crispo (Risso). Leaves 

 curled; fruit small, roundish, scabrous, containing an acid, rather 

 bitter pulp. Ferr. p. 387. t. 389. Vole. p. 178 and 179. 

 Gal. p. 131. no. 20. This is a small tree. It is thickly covered 

 with leaves, which are oval-roundish, curled, and denticulated, 

 on round almost wingless petioles. The flowers are axillary, 

 5 or 7 together, usually of 6 petals. The fruit is of a reddish- 

 yellow colour, with a tubercled or wrinkled thick rind, scented 

 like the lily of the valley, containing a very bitter acid pulp. 



4 Many-flowered Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Biga- 

 radier riche depouille (Fr.). Citrone a moltifiori (Ital.). Grand 

 bouquetie (Nice). Citrus vulgaris multiflora (Risso). Many- 

 flowered ; fruit globose, very smooth, containing an acid and 

 bitter pulp. Desf. tab. de 1'ecol. de bot. p. IBS. This differs 

 much from the preceding, not only in its larger size; but also 

 in the disposition of the leaves, as well as in the great number 

 of flowers which cover the plant all the year round. The tree 

 emits short branches. The leaves are elliptic and denticulated, 

 of a fine green colour ; the wings of the petioles are broad and 

 heart-shaped. The flowers are in tufts at the extremity of the 

 branches ; the corolla is white, usually of 5 petals, which are 

 oval-oblong and recurved. The stamens are about 36 in 

 number. The fruit is round, very large, of a dark reddish- 

 yellow colour, with a very smooth rind ; the pulp does not 

 adhere to the rind, and is divided into 10 cells. 



5 Double-flowering Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bi- 

 garadier a fleur double (Fr.). Citrone flore doppio (Ital.). Bi- 

 garado flou doublo (Nice). Citrus vulgaris florifer (Risso). 

 Flowers double ; fruit globose or oblong, usually fetiferous, 



1 



containing bitter pulp. Ferr. p. 187. t. 391. Vole. 201 and 

 202. Gal. p. 129. no. 18. This tree resembles the horned 

 Seville orange. The leaves are very smooth, and the wings of 

 the petiole are rather narrow. The calyx is 8-cleft. The petals 

 are 8-14, oblong. The fruit is middle-sized, varying in form, 

 usually double, that is to say, containing one within the other. 

 The {lowers are used as a perfume. 



6 Spanish Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bigaradier 

 d'Espagne (Fr.). Citrone di Spagna (Ital.). Sitroun d'Espagna 

 (Nice). Citrus vulgaris Hispanica (Risso). Leaves ovate- 

 oblong, revolute, sinuated ; fruit large, round, wrinkled, with a 

 sweet pulp. This tree is distinguished alone by its aspect. 

 The branches and branchlets are very short. The leaves are 

 oval, curled, and sinuated, of a clear green colour ; the wings 

 of the petioles are broad and l:cart-shaped. The flowers are 

 large, and have a scent resembling that of jasmine, of 5 elliptic 

 petals. The fruit is large, round, and wrinkled or tubercled, 

 of a pale reddish-yellow colour, with a thick rind which does not 

 adhere firmly to the pulp, which is divided into 1 cells, full of 

 a sweet bitterish pulp, and oblong seeds. 



7 Wrinkled Seville Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier rugueux(Fr.). 

 Citrone scabroso (Ital.). Serioutou dous (Nice). Citrus vulgaris 

 rugbsa (Risso). Fruit small, mucronate, wrinkled, containing 

 a sweet and bitter pulp. The branches are straight and the 

 leaves are elliptic and undulated, of a dark shining-green, on 

 long, winged, heart-shaped petioles. The flowers are in twos or 

 threes, white, usually of 5 oblong petals. The fruit is round, 

 of a pale-orange colour, with a thick wrinkled rind, furnished 

 with protuberances at the summit, containing a sweet pulp, but 

 it is rather bitterish. The seeds are pale-yellow. 



8 Sweet-fruited Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bigara- 

 dier a fruit doux(Fr.'). Citrone fruttodolce(lta\.). Sitroun dous 

 (Nice). Citrus vulgaris pidpd dulci (Risso). Fruit globose, 

 smooth, with a thick rind, containing a sweet pulp. The leaves 

 of this tree are pale-green, oval-oblong, standing upon long, 

 winged petioles, and often furnished with spines at the base. 

 The flowers are large, disposed in corymbs, of 5 petals and 

 very sweet-scented. The seeds are round on this and the pre- 

 ceding variety. 



9 Smooth-fruited Bigarade (Engl.). Bigarade a fruit lisse 

 (Fr.). Citrone liscio (Ital.). Serioutou unit (Nice). Citrus 

 vulgaris glaberrimus (Risso). Fruit round, smooth, with a 

 thin rind and bitter sweet pulp. This tree is not so much 

 branched as the other varieties ; the leaves are oval-lanceolate, 

 of a pale-green colour, standing on long, winged, heart-shaped 

 petioles. The flowers are disposed singly, but sometimes in 

 pairs on the summits of the branches. The calyx is 4-5-cleft, 

 and the corolla is of 5 reflexed petals. The fruit is always 

 solitary, of a pale-yellow colour, and the pulp is divided into 9 

 cells. The seeds are striated. 



10 Chinese Bitter Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bigaradier 

 Chinois (Fr.). Chinotto (Ital.). Chinet (Nice). Citrus vulgaris 

 Chintnsis (Risso). Fruit small, spherical, containing a somewhat 

 acrid, bitter pnlp. Ferr. t. 430. 433. Tourn. p. 620. Desf. 

 tab. de 1'ecol. de bot. p. 138. Gal. p. 132. no. 21. The 

 branches of this shrub are small and scabrous, covered with 

 small lanceolate leaves, standing on short wingless petioles. 

 The flowers are disposed in a kind of thyrse along the pedun- 

 cles. The fruit is concave at the summit, of a reddish-yellow 

 colour ; the rind is rather thick, and the pulp adheres but slightly 

 to the rind. 



1 1 Myrtle-leaved Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier Chinois a 

 feuille de myrte or Chinois nain (Fr.). Nanino da China (Ital.). 



Chinet picoun (Nice). Citrus vulgaris myrtifolia (Risso). 

 Fruit small, with an acid and bitter pulp. Ferr. p. 430. Gal. 

 p. 134. no. 22. This variety never grows to a tree, but always 

 remains a small shrub. The leaves are small, lanceolate, and 

 4 o 2 



