596 



AURANTIACE^E. XIV. CITRUS. 



pointed, of a fine green colour, resembling those of the broad- 

 leaved myrtle. The flowers are small and white, disposed in 

 racemes along the branches, there are usually a great number on 

 the same peduncle. The fruit is of the colour and form of the 

 preceding, but rather smaller. 



\t Large-fruited Bigarade or Seville Orange (Engl.).^ Bi- 

 garadier a gros fruit (Fr.). Citrone frulto grosso (Ital.). Gros 

 sitroun dous (Nice). Citrus vulgaris fructu maxima (Risso). 

 Fruit large, round, wrinkled, depressed, with a spongy rind, and 

 rather sweet pulp. The leaves are very long, reclined, shining, 

 undulated, of a dark-green, on long, winged petioles. The 

 flowers are large and white, sweet-scented, disposed along the 

 branches. The calyx is green, of 5 lobes. The corolla is com- 

 posed of 4-6 petals. The stamens about 26 in number. The 

 stigma is trigonal. The fruit is very large, of a reddish-yellow 

 colour, with a very thick spongy rind, and the pulp is divided 

 into 9 cells. 



Common Seville or Bitter Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1595. 

 Tree 20 to 30 feet. 



8 C. DECUMA'NA (Lin. spec. 1100.) branches prickly; leaves 

 oval, obtuse or emarginate, pubescent beneath : petioles with 

 broad, cordate wings ; fruit large, with a thick rind, and red or 

 white pulp ; stamens 30. Tj . S. Native of China and Japan, 

 but now cultivated in South America. Pampel-moes, Rumph. 

 amb. 2. t. 24. f. 2. The shaddock is called drancio Massmo by 

 the Italians, and Granger Pampelmouse by the French. The fruit 

 is very large and round, about the size of a large cannon-ball, 

 about 10 or 14 pounds weight; rind even, of a greenish-yellow 

 colour ; thick, fungous, and bitter ; pulp white or red : juice sweet 

 or acid. It was first brought from China to the West Indies 

 by Captain Shaddock, from whom it has derived its name. The 

 shaddock is certainly the least useful of the species, and is cul- 

 tivated chiefly for show. Where several sorts of oranges are pre- 

 sented at the dessert it makes a striking addition to the variety. 

 The fruit is of a subacid sweetness, excellent for quenching 

 thirst, and from the thickness of its rind, will keep longer at 

 sea than the fruit of any other species of Citrus. The Italians, 

 according to Dr. Sickler, have one variety, the French, accord- 

 ing to the Nouveau Cours, &c. have four kinds. In the En- 

 glish nurseries the names of four occur, viz. 1 The Common 

 Shaddock. 2 The Rough-fruited. 3 The Largest-fruited. 4 The 

 West Indian. In Jamaica there are 2 varieties, 1 maliformis ; 

 fruit globose, with white pulp ; 2 pyriformis, fruit pear-shaped, 

 with red pulp. 



Zarg-e-fruited Orange or Shaddock. Fl. May, July. Clt. 

 1722. Tree 18 feet. 



t Species not sufficiently known. 



9 C. HY'STBIX (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 97.) petioles with 

 broad wings ; leaves ovate, hardly larger than the petioles ; 

 branches very spiny. J? . S. Native of the East Indies. Lemo- 

 ferus, Rumph. amb. 2. t. 28 ? Flowers and fruit unknown. 



Porcupine Orange. Clt.? Tree 10 feet. 



10 C. SPINOSI'SSIMA (Meyer, esseq. 247.) petioles winged; 

 leaves oval, crenated, bluntish at both extremities. ^ . S. 

 Native of Guiana and Brazil in sandy woods. Flowers white, 

 twin. Fruit yellow, about the size of a walnut. This appears 

 to be the common wild lime of America, and perhaps only a 

 variety of Citrus Limelta. 



Very-spinose Lime. Fl. May, Jul. Clt.? Tree 15 feet. 



11 C. JAPO'NICA (Thunb. fl. jap. 292.) petioles winged; 

 leaves acute ; stem angular ; flowers axillary, solitary, or twin; 

 fruit 9-celled. ^ . G. Native of Japan. Thunb. icon. jap. 

 t. 15. Fruit the colour and form of an orange, but small, about 

 the size of a cherry, containing a sweet eatable pulp. 



Japan Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub 2 feet. 



12 C. FU'SCA (Lour. coch. 467.) petioles with heart-shaped 



wings ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; branches spinose ; fruit 9-cell- 

 ed, globose, rough. Jj . G. Native of China, Cochin-china, 

 and the Moluccas Rumph. amb. 2. t. 33. Fruit of a green- 

 ish-brown colour, containing an acid ungrateful pulp. 



.Brown-fruited Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Tree 15 feet. 



13 C. NOBJLIS (Lour. coch. 466.) petioles rather linear, 

 straight ; branches ascending, unarmed ; fruit depressed, 9-cell- 

 ed, with a thick rind. fy . G. Native of Cochin-china and 

 China. Ker, bot. reg. 211. Andr. bot. rep. 608. Fruit reddish, 

 both without and within, containing sweet juice, and eatable sweet 

 rind. This is distinguished from the common orange by its 

 curious form, and by the pulp adhering so loosely to the rind, as 

 to be separable from it by the slightest effort, and leaving in 

 many places a considerable opening between them. It is the 

 most delicate of its tribe, whence its name by the Chinese, Man- 

 darine or Noble Orange. 



Noble or Mandarine Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1805. 

 Tree 15 feet. 



14 C. MARGARI'TA (Lour. coch. 467.) petioles linear; leaves 

 lanceolate ; branches ascending, spiny ; fruit oblong, 5-celled, 

 covered with a thin smooth rind. Jj . G. Native of China 

 about Canton. Fruit reddish-yellow, 8 lines long, containing a 

 sweet pulp. 



Pearl Lemon. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Tree 1 2 feet. 



15 C. MADURE'NSIS (Lour. coch. 570.) petioles linear; 

 leaves broad-lanceolate ; branches diffuse, unarmed, angular ; 

 fruit globose, smooth, 8-celled. Jj . G. Native of China, 

 Cochin-china, and Madura. Rumph. amb. 2. t. 31. Fruit 

 greenish-yellow, containing a bitter pulp, which is eaten when 

 prepared with sugar, but never raw. 



Madura Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub 8 feet. 



16 C. ANGULA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1426.) petioles naked ; 

 leaves ovate, acute ; fruit angular. Tj . G. Native of Amboyna. 

 Rumph. amb. 2. t. 32. 



^ngw/ar-fruited Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Tree. 



17 C. BUXIFOLIA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 681.) petioles linear, very 

 short ; leaves ovate, retuse ; flowers racemose. Tj . G. Native 

 of China. Perhaps this plant is allied to Citrus vulgdris var. 

 myrlifdlia of Risso, and therefore ought perhaps to be placed 

 under that head. 



Box-leaved Orange. Fl. May, July. Shrub 3 feet. 



18 C. ARTICULA'TA (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. S34.) 

 petioles leafy, obovate, large, articulated ; leaves oblong ; pe- 

 duncles many-flowered. t? . S. Native of Guinea. 



Jointed-petioled Orange. Tree 20 feet. 



19 C. CHILE'NSIS (Molin. chili, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 335.) 

 leaves ovate-lanceolate, nearly sessile, shining ; fruit nearly glo- 

 bose. Tj . G. Native of Chili. 



Chili Orange. Tree 15 feet. 



Cult. All the species of Citrus may be propagated by seeds, 

 cuttings, layers, by grafting, and budding. The object of rais- 

 ing plants from seed is stock for grafting or budding, or for new 

 varieties. To attempt raising new varieties from seed in Britain 

 would be too tedious, as the plants raised from seed in Italy do 

 not shew for fruit for 7 or 8 years. Citrons or Seville Oranges 

 Miller considers the best to raise for stocks, as they are of more 

 robust and quicker growth. These should be raised on a hot-bed, 

 and in the course of 6 weeks they will be fit to plant separately 

 into pots, and placed again into the hot-bed, shading them for 

 some time, but afterwards allowing plenty of air in order to har- 

 den them. In August of next year they will be sufficiently strong 

 for budding ; after the operation has been performed, they should 

 be placed under a hand-glass. In the course of a month it will 

 be observable whether the buds have taken, then untie them, 

 and let them remain in the green-house all winter. In spring 

 cut off the heads of the stocks 3 inches above the buds, again 

 place them in a moderate hot-bed, and by the end of July they 



