614 



HYPERICINEjE. XI. CRATOXYLUM. XII. HARONGA. GUTTIFERJE. 



parted, permanent. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, collected into 

 3 bundles at the base. Styles and stigmas 3. Capsule rather 

 membranous. 3-celled, 3-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle 

 of each valve. Seeds numerous, compressed, ending above in 

 a leafy wing. Embryo straight, exalbuminous, with an inferior 

 radicle. 



1 C. HORNSCHU'CHH (Blum. 1. c.) 17 . S. Native of Java. 

 A tall tree, with opposite, oblong-lanceolate leaves, which stand 

 on short petioles, and terminal panicles of yellow ? flowers. 



Hornsclntch's Cratoxylum. Tree 40 feet. 



Cult. Loam and peat will be a good mixture for this tree, 

 and young cuttings will readily root if planted in sand under a 

 hand-glass, in heat. 



XII. HARO'NGA (Ronga is the name of H. Madagasca- 

 riensis in Madagascar). Pet. Th. gen. nov. madag. no. 49. 

 Chois. prod. hyp. 33. D. C. prod. 1. p. 541. Harongana, Lam. 

 ill. t; 645. Arongana, Pers. ench. 2. p. 91. Haemocarpus, 

 Noronh. Spreng. 



LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polyandria. Berry drupaceous, 2- 

 3-5-celled. Styles and stigmas 5. Stamens 15, connected in 5 

 equal bundles at the base ; these bundles alternate with the scales 

 on the ovary. Sepals and petals 5. Shrubs with branching 

 stems, and the flowers are disposed in branching, many or few- 

 flowered panicles, which are yellow. 



1 . Leaves entire. 



1 H. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 34.) stem 

 round ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, large, on long stalks ; corymbs 

 terminal, very large, and very branchy. Tj . S. Native of 

 Madagascar and Bourbon. Arong&ria panicula.ta, Pers. ench. 2. 

 p. 91. Haemocarpus paniculata, Spreng. 



Var. ft, pubeseens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 542.) leaves smaller and 

 more pubescent. Jj . S. H. pubeseens', Poir. encycl. 4. p. 721. 

 Madagascar Haronga. Clt. 1822. Shrub 10 feet. 



2 H. LANCEOLA'TA (Chois. mss.) stem angular ; leaves ovate- 

 lanceolate, 1-2 inches long, very smooth, on short petioles; 

 corymb terminal, few-flowered. ^ . S. Native of Madagascar. 

 Hasmocarpus corymbosa, Spreng. 



Lanceolate-leaved Haronga. Shrub 8 feet. 



3 H. REVOLT/ TA (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 542.) leaves 

 ovate-oblong, obtuse, with revolute margins, very large, with 

 brownish nerves ; corymbs straight, few-flowered, t; S. Na- 

 tive of Madagascar. Haemocarpus, Spreng. 



Revolute-\eaved Haronga. Shrub 4 feet. 



2. Leaves crenate. 



'4 H. MOLLU'SCA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 91.) leaves lanceolate, acu- 

 minated, obsoletely crenated ; peduncles axillary, 3-4-flowered. 

 T? . S. Native of Madagascar. Pluk. aim. t. 241. f. 5. 



Molluscous Haronga. Shrub 4 feet. 



5 H. CRENA'TA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 91.) leaves ovate, blunt, 

 large, broadly crenated; peduncles axillary, many-flowered. 

 ^ . S. Native of Madagascar. Pluk. aim. t. 242. f. 1. 



Crenated-leaveA Haronga. Shrub 12 feet. 



6 H. AXILLA'RIS ; leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, 

 smooth, and opaque above, discoloured beneath ; peduncles axil- 

 lary, aggregate, shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of Ma- 

 dagascar. Haronga, no. 49. Willd. herb. 



Axillary-fiov/ered Haronga. Shrub. 



Cult. These shrubs will thrive in a mixture of loam and 

 peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, 

 in heat. 



ORDER XLI. GUTTI'FER^ (from gutta, a drop, and fero, 



to bear ; the trees when broke yield a quantity of yellow gluten). 

 Juss. gen. p. 243. D. C. prod. 1. p. 557. 



Calyx of 2-4-sepals, rarely many-sepalled or 5 (f. 104. a.) -6- 

 parted. Sepals imbricate, usually cruciately disposed, outer 

 ones shortest. Petals hypogynous, 4 (f. 104. 6.) -6, rarely 

 8-10, usually yellow, free, alternate with or opposite the caly- 

 cine leaflets. Stamens indefinite (f. 104. c.), rarely definite, hy- 

 pogynous ; filaments sometimes free, sometimes connected at the 

 base, or in bundles (f. 104. c.). Anthers adnate, 2-celled, 

 rarely 1 -celled (as in Havetid), bursting by longitudinal chinks, 

 rarely by pores at the apex. Receptacle fleshy, rarely drawn 

 out into a 5-lobed disk, as in Chrysdpia. Style simple or nearly 

 wanting, rarely with the stigmas distinct, subsessile (f. 104. e.). 

 Ovary 2-8-celled, rarely 1 -celled, as in Calophyllum ; cells con- 

 taining 1 or many ovulse. Ovulae fixed to the inner angle or 

 base of the cells. Fruit sometimes capsular and dehiscent, 

 sometimes fleshy (f. 104._/.) and indehiscent or drupaceous, 2 

 or many-celled, rarely 1 -celled. Seeds wingless, usually arillate. 

 Seed covering thin and papery. Albumen wanting. Embryo 

 straight, with a small radicle, and large, coadunate, thick, entire 

 cotyledons. 



The Guttiferce contains trees natives of the hottest parts of 

 the world, and well known by their thick, entire, opposite 

 leaves, and resinous juice. In the countries where they grow 

 they are of great importance. The Magostana bears a fruit, 

 the equal of which is supposed not to exist. The gamboge is 

 the inspissated juice of Garcmia Cambbgia and G. Mor&lla ; 

 the juice of others is found an efficacious vermifuge, and also a 

 remedy for the chiggers, one of the worst pests of equinoxial 

 America. The flowers of all being shewy, and the properties 

 interesting, every species deserves cultivation. The seeds do 

 not retain their vegetative power for any length of time, 

 therefore the surest way to obtain plants from the places of their 

 natural growth, is to sow the seeds in tubs or boxes of earth, and 

 when the plants have obtained strength, they may be brought to 

 Europe, but there should be care taken in their passage to 

 screen them from the spray of the sea, also not to give them too 

 much water. 



Guttiferce is so nearly allied to the Ternstrcemiacece that it 

 is difficult to distinguish the one from the other ; in the Tern- 

 strcemiacece the leaves are alternate, but this character offers a 

 few exceptions, but in the Guttiferce they are always op- 

 posite. In Ternstrcemiacece the calyx and corolla are always 

 separate, but in Guttiferce they are usually connected ; in the 

 first the petals are usually connected at the base, and twisted in 

 aestivation ; in the second the petals are always free and convo- 

 lute in aestivation. The seeds in Ternstrcemiacece are either 

 furnished with albumen or terminated by a prolonged membrane ; 

 in Guttiferce these characters are always wanting. Gutliferce 

 differs from Hypericinece by the branches, leaves, and peduncles 

 being articulated, by the seeds being large and usually solitary in 

 the cells, by the anthers being adnate, not articulated at the 

 summit. Ternstrcemiacece is distinguished from Hypericinece in 

 the leaves being usually alternate, and in the seeds being fur- 

 nished with albumen. 



