620 



GUTTIFER^E. XI. GARCINIA. XII. STALAGMITIS. 



mixture of the tart and sweet, and is no less salutary than plea- 

 sant, for which reason in hot climates, with the sweet orange, it 

 is given in any quantity to those who are afflicted with fevers, 

 either of the putrid or inflammatory kind. The dried bark is 

 used with success in dysentery and tenesmus, and an infu- 

 sion of it is esteemed a good gargle for a sore mouth, or ulcers 

 in the throat. The Chinese dyers use the bark for the ground 

 or basis of a black colour, in order to fix it the firmer. Man- 

 gostama or Magostana is the Malay name of the tree. 

 Mangostan Garcinia. Clt. 1789. Tree 20 feet. 



2 G. CO'RNEA (Lin. syst. 368.) leaves oblong-elliptic, emar- 

 ginate; flowers solitary and umbellate, lateral and terminal, 

 drooping ; stigma entire ; berry the form of a plum. Ij . S. 

 Native of the East Indies in the high remote mountains of Am- 

 boyna. Rumph. amb. 3. p. 55. t. 30. The trunk of this tree is 

 very lofty, but not very thick ; it is covered with a black bark. 

 The branches extend wide, and divide into many short branches, 

 which have a pair of leaves at each joint ; these are large, from 

 11 to 15 inches long, and 4 broad, but on old trees shorter, 

 smooth, firm, and shining. The flower rises between the upper 

 leaves, drooping, having the form of a small rose, of a yellow 

 colour. Fruit the size of a plum, crowned by the entire stigma, 

 which appears like a wart. It is of a dusky-brown or smoky 

 colour on the outside, and within it has a mucous pulp, in which 

 lie a few seeds in the shape of a half moon. It has a resinous 

 smell when fresh. The wood is heavy and very hard, like horn, 

 whence Rumphius names it lignum corneum ; it is used for the 

 handles of tools, and the young trees in building, the old ones 

 being too hard to work. 



/foray-wooded Garcinia. Clt. 1817. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 



3 G. MORE'LLA (Desrous. in Lam. diet. S. p. 701.) leaves 

 oblong-elliptic, tapering to both ends ; panicles terminal and 

 lateral; berry small, 4-celled, striated, crowned by a 4-lobed 

 stigma. ^2 S. Native of the East Indies ? Mangostkna Mo- 

 rella, Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 106. t. 105. Flowers yellowish. Fruit 

 small, eatable. The name is derived from the morella cherry, 

 in allusion to the size and shape of the fruit. Gamboge is also 

 obtained from this tree. 



Morella Garcinia. Tree. 



4 G. PEDUNCULA'TA (Roxb. hort.beng. p. 42.) leaves obovate- 

 oblong, rounded at the apex, with strong transverse veins ; racemes 

 terminal and axillary ; pedicels long ; flowers large. Jj . S. Na- 

 tive of the East Indies. 



Long-peduncled Garcinia. Tree 40 feet. 



5 G. CAMBOGIA (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 701.) leaves elliptic, 

 tapering to both ends ; flowers terminal, solitary ; corollas yel- 

 lowish ; stigma 8-lobed ; berry 8-furrowed. Pj . S. Native of 

 Malabar and other parts of the East Indies. Rheed. trial. 1 . p. 

 41. t. 42. Mangostana Cambogia, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 106. 1. 105. 

 Cambogia Gutta, Lin. spec. 728. Blackw. t. 392. Cambodia, 

 Lewis, mat. med. 289. This is a tall tree, with a trunk as thick 

 as two men can compass, with spreading, opposite branches. 

 The leaves are 5 inches long, and half that in breadth. The 

 flowers, according to Rheede, are axillary and sessile, of a saf- 

 fron colour. Fruit about 2 inches in diameter, drooping, on 

 peduncles an inch in length ; the rind is thin, smooth, and yel- 

 lowish ; the pulp is yellow, succulent, sweet, and eatable. Ac- 

 cording to Rheede, the fruit is first green, then yellowish, and 

 when ripe whitish. It is very common about Siam and Cam- 

 bodia, where incisions are made in the bark, and a great quan- 

 tity of gummi-guttae or gamboge is extracted, and exported into 

 foreign countries. This concrete is a gum-resin, in part in- 

 flammable, compact, dry, inclining to orange-colour, without 

 smell, and almost without taste, producing, however, a slight 

 sensation of acrimony in the throat. A greater quantity of it is 

 dissolved in spirits of wine than in water, to which it imparts a 



lemon-colour. It is used medicinally in the east, as a purgative, 

 hydrogogue, and emetic, particularly in dropsies and worm cases. 

 It is said to lose the latter quality when dissolved in vinegar. 

 The principal use of gamboge is in painting in miniature and 

 water-colours. The fruit is eaten at meals in the East Indies, 

 and being much esteemed for provoking the appetite, is a fre- 

 quent ingredient in their sauces. The name Cambogia is derived 

 from the province of Camboja or Cambodge, because it comes 

 from that country. 



Gamboge Garcinia. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1822. Tree 40 feet. 



Cult. The species of this interesting genus deserve to be 

 cultivated in every collection of stove plants. A light loamy soil, 

 mixed with a little peat, will suit them well. Ripened cuttings 

 will root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. All the 

 species require a strong heat to thrive well. 



XII. STALA'GMITIS (from orafw, stazo, to run out; be- 

 cause the trees exude a yellow resinous juice when cut). Murr. 

 comm. goet. 9. p. 175. Xanthochymus, Roxb. cor. 2. p. 51. 

 Brindonia, Pet. Th. diet, scien. nat. 5. p. 339. 



LIN. SYST. Poly a delphia, Polyandria. Calyx bractless, of 4-5 

 (f. 104. a.) permanent, unequal sepals. Petals 4-5 (f. 104. 6.), 

 deciduous. Male flower with a fleshy, 4-5-8-lobed receptacle, 

 bearing numerous imperfect anthers. Stamens monadelphous or 

 disposed in 4-5-8 (f. 104. c.) bundles. Anthers didymous, small, 

 2-celled, bursting at the sides, with a small rudiment of a pistil. 

 Hermaphrodite flowers with a receptacle, as in the male flowers 

 (f. 104. c.), and the stamens disposed in 4-5 (f. 104. c.) -8 bundles. 

 Style short, crowned by a 4-5 (f. 104. e.) -8-lobed stigma. 

 Fruit crowned by the permanent stigma, fleshy (f. 104. - /.), 3- 

 8-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds large, thick. Trees with axil- 

 lary or lateral, usually fascicled or umbellate flowers, rarely race- 

 mose, male or hermaphrodite in the same, or in different in- 

 dividuals. Branches tetragonal. 



SECT. I. XANTHOCHY'MCJS (av6of, xanthos, yellow, and x"/*e, 

 chymos, juice). Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens disposed in 5 

 bundles. 



1 S. PICTORIUS (Roxb. cor. 2. 

 p. 51. t. 196. under Xanthochy- 

 mus,) leaves lanceolate, acuminat- 

 ed ; petioles wrinkled ; fruit 1-4- 

 seeded. T? . S. Native of the 

 East Indies in valleys among the 

 Circar mountains. X. tinctorius, 

 D. C. prod. 1. p. 562. This is a 

 large tree, with rather large, white 

 flowers, and yellow fruit, like those 

 of the orange ; they are very in- 

 viting to the eye, and not inferior 

 to many apples, and are eaten by 

 the natives. They could be much % 

 ameliorated by culture. The fruit 

 when full grown, but not ripe, 

 yields a quantity of yellow, resinous, 

 acrid gum like gamboge, of the 



consistence of rich cream. It makes a pretty good water-colour, 

 either by itself as a yellow, or in mixture with other colours to 

 form green. It is imperfectly soluble in spirits, and still less so 

 in water ; alkaline salt enables the water to dissolve more of the 

 gum. 



Painters' Stalagmitis. Tree 40 feet. 



2 S. DU'LCIS (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 270. under Xanthochymus,) 

 leaves ovate-oblong, lanceolate, acuminated ; pedicels numerous, 

 aggregate, lateral ; fruit 5-seeded. ^ . S. Native of the Mo- 

 luccas. Fruit sweet and esculent. Stamens in 5 bundles. 



Sweet-fruited Stalagmitis. Clt. 1820. Tree. 



FIG. 104. 



