686 



MELIACE^E. XX. CARAPA. XXI. CALPANDRIA. XXII. OIJONTANDRIA. CEDRELEACE.E. I. CEDRELA. 



panicled, axillary ; fruit tetragonal, 4-valved, 4-seeded. Tj . S. 

 Native of Sierra Leone on the mountains. Afzelia splendens, 

 Hortul. Fruit about the size of an apple, containing 3 or 4 

 large, angular nuts. There is an oil extracted from the nuts, 

 which is used by some of the natives in place of soap, as well as 

 for the purpose of anointing their bodies. 



Guinea Carapa. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1793. Tree 30 feet. 



4 C. ? PROCERA (D. C. prod; 1. p. 620.) leaflets 4-5 pairs, 

 obtuse, cuneated at the base ; flowers of 5 petals, decandrous. 



f?. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Trichilia procera, 

 Forsyth, ined. in herb. Lher. Fruit unknown. 

 Lofty Carapa. Tree 66 feet. 



5 C. MOLUCCE'NSIS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 621.) leaflets usually 3 

 pairs, opposite, ovate, acute. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas 

 in muddy places among the mangroves. Granatum littoreum, 

 Rumph. amb. 3. p. 92. t. 61. C. I'ndica, Juss. diet. sc. nat. 7. 

 p. 31. Xylocarpus Granatum, Keen, naturf. 20. p. 2. The 

 tree is called Cadul Oaha by the Cingalese, and Candalanga by 

 the Tamuls. 



Molucca Carapa. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 feet. 



Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of loam and 

 sand, and ripe cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand- 

 glass, in a moist heat. 



XXI. CALPA'NDRIA (from Ka\?nj, calpe, an urn, and avrjp 

 ai><$pof, aner andros, a male ; in allusion to the stamens being 

 situated in the throat of the urn-shaped tube). Blum, bijdr. 4th 

 number. 



LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Poly6ndria. Calyx of 4 permanent, 

 unequal sepals. Petals 4. Stamens 25-40, filaments distinct at 

 the base, but joined into a cylindrical tube at the top, bearing the 

 anthers at its throat. Ovary 3-4-celled ; cells 3-ovulate. Stigma 

 somewhat trifid. Capsule woody, subglobose, 3-valved, 3- 

 celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve; cells con- 

 taining 1-2 nuts from abortion. Nuts of 2 forms, 1 -seeded. 

 Seeds exalbuminous, exarillate. A shrub with simple, lanceo- 

 late, serrated leaves, and solitary, or twin lateral flowers. 



1 A. LANCEOLA'TA (Blum. I. c.) Tj . S. Native of Java. 



Lanceolate-leaved Calpandria. Shrub 6 feet. 



Cult. This shrub will probably grow in a mixture of loam 

 and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand- 

 glass, in heat. 



XXII. ODONTA'NDRIA (from ocioue oSovroe, odous odontos, 

 a tooth, and av?jp avSpos, aner andros, a male ; sterile stamens 

 appearing like teeth). H. B. et Kunth, 7. p. 228. 



LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decandria. Calyx hemispherical, 

 5-toothed. Petals 5, sessile, ovate, acute, equal, valvate in the 

 bud. Filaments 10, connate at the base, the 5 opposite the 

 petals sterile. Anthers ovate-cordate, 2-celled, bursting length- 

 wise on the inside. Disk none. Style short, crowned by an 

 obtuse stigma. An unarmed tree, with alternate, simple, entire, 

 membranous, exstipulate leaves, and axillary, many-flowered pa- 

 nicles. Flowers conglomerate. 



1 O. ACUMINA'TA (Willd. herb, in Rb'm et Schult, syst. 5. p. 

 511.) Tj.S. Native of New Granada. 



j4cuminated-\eaved Odontandria. Tree 30 feet. 



Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree well, 

 and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in 

 heat. 



ORDER LII. CEDRELEA'CE^E (plants agreeing with Ce- 

 drela in important characters). Cedreleae, R. Br. gen. rem. 64. 



Calyx short, 5-cleft (f. 116. a.). Petals 5 (f. 116. 6.), alter- 

 nating with the segments of the calyx, and longer, erect, with 



a longitudinal plait on the inside of each in the middle. Genitals 

 stipitate ; stipe furnished with 5 adnate glands, 5-angled, and 

 between the glands the plaits of the petals interpose. Stamens 

 5, inserted in the stipe, and appear as if they were a continua- 

 tion of the glands ; filaments awl-shaped ; anthers cordate, 2- 

 celled, at length versatile. Style prismatically pentagonal, 

 crowned by a peltate stigma (f. 116. c.), which is obsoletely 

 pentagonal. Ovary seated on the stipe, 5-celled ; cells altern- 

 ating with the stamens, containing 8 or 12 ovulas. Dissepiments 

 connected with the central axis, with imbricate ovulaj inserted 

 on both sides of it. Fruit capsular (f. 116. e.\ 5-valved; valves 

 separable from the axis, and sometimes also the dissepiments, 

 which alternate with the valves. Seeds suspended from the cen- 

 tral placenta, with 2 rows in each cell imbricate, drawn out into 

 a wing at the base or apex (f. 116./.) or at both ends. Albumen 

 fleshy, sparing. Integument thin, spongy. Embryo nearly erect, 

 with leafy cotyledons, and a short, exserted, superior radicle. 

 Trees with dense, beautifully grained, coloured, sweet-scented 

 wood. Leaves alternate, pinnate, with many pairs of opposite or 

 sub-opposite, unequal-sided leaflets. Panicle large, spreading, 

 pyramidal, composed of numerous little cymes of flowers, with 

 the lateral ones usually male, the terminal ones fertile. This 

 order differs principally in the stamens being inserted in the torus 

 or protruding from the back of the urceolus, rarely fixed to the 

 throat of the tube, as in Swietenia. It also differs from the last 

 order in the seeds being winged. The trees are of great value 

 for their wood, of which mahogany will give a good idea. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 



1 CEDRE'LA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals adnate to the torus. 

 Stamens 5, distinct. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds nu- 

 merous, on each side of the dissepiment, ending in a wing. 



2 SWIETE'NIA. Calyx 4-5-cleft (f. 116. a.). Stamens 8-10, 

 joined into a tube. Capsule 5-celled (f. 116. e.), 5-valved. 

 Seeds numerous, each drawn out into a wing (f. llC.y.). 



3 CHLORO'XYLON. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 10, connected at 

 the base. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled. Seeds 4 in each side 

 of the dissepiment, drawn out into a wing. 



4 FLINDE'RSIA. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 10, alternate ones 

 sterile. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled. Seeds 2 in each side of 

 the dissepiment, ending in a wing at the top. 



5 OXLE'YA. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled. Seeds 3, on each 

 side of the dissepiment, ending in a wing at both ends. 



I. CEDRE'LA (from cedrus, the cedar-tree ; the wood has 

 an aromatic scent like it). Lin. gen. no. 277. D. C. prod. 1. 

 p. 624. Cedrus, Mill. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed. 

 Torus elevated, stipe-formed. Petals 5, broad at the base, 

 approximate, adnate to the torus. Stamens 5 ; filaments short, 

 distinct, inserted in the torus; anthers oblong. Style 1. 

 Stigma capitate. Capsule woody, 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds 

 numerous, compressed, imbricated downwards, ending in a 

 membranous wing. Albumen fleshy. Embryo inverted. Co- 

 tyledons flat, leafy (Gaert. fr. 2. p. 84. t. 95.). Trees with 

 abruptly pinnate, many-paired leaves, and axillary and terminal 

 panicles of small whitish flowers. 



