ZYGOPHYLLE&. I. TRIBULUS. II. EHRENBERGIA. 



769 



12 ANATROPA. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 4. Style 

 short, clavate. Capsule quadrangular, depressed, 4-valved, 4- 

 celled ; cells 4-5-seeded. 



13 MELIA'NTHUS. Calyx 5-cleft, unequal; lower segment 

 drawn out into a hollow gibbosity. Petals 5. Stamens 4, 2 of 

 which are connate. Style 1, crowned by a 4-cleft stigma. Cap- 

 sule 4-lobed, 4-celled; cells 1 -seeded from abortion. 



14 BALANITES. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10. 

 Ovary 5-celled, 5-seeded. Drupe 1 -celled and 1 -seeded from 

 abortion. 



1. Zygophyllece verce. D. C. prod. 1. p. 703. 

 opposite. 



Leaves 



I. TRI'BULUS (from rptis, treis, three, and /3o\oe, bolos, a 

 point ; each carpel is armed with 3, sometimes 4, prickly points). 

 Tourn. inst. t. 141. Lin. gen. no. 532. B.C. prod. 1. p. 703.. 



LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted, 

 usually permanent. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 10. Style 

 very short, with a broad stigma. Carpels 4-5, adhering to 

 the axis, triangular, indehiscent, hard, covered on the outside 

 with tubercles or spines, transversely many-celled inside, rarely 



1 -celled, with a solitary, horizontal, exalbuminous seed in each 

 cell. Cotyledons thickish (Gaert. fruct. 1. t. 69.) Diffuse trail- 

 ing herbs, with abruptly-pinnate leaves and membranous sti- 

 pulas. Pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, solitary. Flowers usually 

 yellow, rarely white. 



1 T. CISTOIDES (Lin. spec. 554.) leaves with 8 pairs of rather 

 equal leaflets, which are silky beneath ; pedicels length of pe- 

 tioles. 1. S. Native of South America and the West Indies, 

 in dry, sandy, barren places, also of the island of O Wahu. 

 Jacq. hort. schoenb. t. 103. Ker. bot. reg.t. 791. Herm. par. 

 t. 136. Pluk. phyt. t. 67. f. 4. The capsule, according to 

 Kunth, is of 5 carpels, each divided into 2 or 3 transverse cells, 

 armed outside with sharp spines. This is a beautiful species, 

 with large yellow flowers, resembling those of some species 

 of Helianthcmum. It is very common about Kingston in Ja- 

 maica, and is planted in many gardens there for the sake of its 

 flowers, which are very shewy, and have an agreeable smell. 

 Fowls are observed to feed much upon them, and it is thought 

 to heighten their flavour, as well as to contribute to fatten them. 

 Hence the plant is called Turkey-blossom. 



Rock-rose-like-&owered Caltrops. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1752. 

 PI. trailing. 



2 T. A LBUS (Poir. diet. 8. p. 44.) leaves with usually 8 pairs 

 of rather equal leaflets, which are villous on both surfaces ; 

 pedicels shorter than the petioles. 1 . S. Native of Guinea, 

 very common at Cape Coast, Acra, and Whidah, in sandy, barren 

 places. Petals whitish, hardly longer than the calyx. 



White-QowereA Caltrops. Fl.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. trailing. 



3 T. TERRE'STRIS (Lin. spec. 554.) leaves with usually 6 pairs 

 of rather equal leaflets ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; 

 carpels 4-horned. Q. H. Native of the south of Europe, 

 Barbary, Senegal, and the Mauritius, in barren, sandy places. 

 Leaves villous and almost smooth. Lam. ill. t. 346. f. 1. Schkuhr. 

 handb. 1. t. 115. Lob. icon. 2. t. 84. Mor. hist. sect. 2. t. 8. 

 f. 9. Barrel, icon. t. 558. Capsule of 5 carpels, each having 



2 or 3 transverse cells. Flowers yellow. This is a very com- 

 mon species in the south of Europe, in arable land, and is trou- 

 blesome to cattle by the prickly fruit running into their feet. 

 The French name of this plant is La Croix de Chevalier. Our 

 English appellation of Caltrops, is taken from the form of the 

 fruit, which resembles the machines which are cast in the way 

 to obstruct an enemy's cavalry. 



Earth or Common Caltrops. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1596. Pl.tr. 



VOL. I. 



4 T. SUBINE'RMIS (Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1808. p. 94.) leaves 

 usually with 6 pairs of rather equal leaflets, which are hairy on 

 both surfaces ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; capsules arm- 

 less, but tubercled. . H. Native of Thibet. Flowers yellow. 



{/named-capsuled Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. 

 PL trailing. 



5 T. ALA'TUS (Del. ill. p. 44.) leaves with 5 or 6 pairs of 

 rather equal leaflets, which are clothed on both surfaces with 

 close-pressed villi ; pedicels very short ; capsules without horns 

 but with winged margins. O. H. Native of Egypt, in sandy, 

 barren places. T. pentandrus, Forsk. descr. 38. which is said 

 to have only 5 or 6 stamens. Capsule of 5 carpels, each having 



2 transverse cells. Flowers yellow. 



Winged-fruited Caltrops. PI. trailing. 



6 T. LANUGINOSUS (Lin. spec. 553.) leaves with 5 or 6 pairs 

 of rather equal leaflets, which are covered with close-pressed 

 pubescence ; pedicels snorter than the leaves ; carpels 2-horned. 

 Q. S. Native of Ceylon. Burm. zeyl. 265. t. 106. f. 1. 

 Flowers yellow. Fruit angular, hairy. 



Woolly Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. trailing. 



7 T. MA'XIMUS (Lin. spec. 553.) leaves of 3 or 4 pairs of 

 leaflets, outer ones largest ; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; 

 carpels unarmed, connected together into a 10-ribbed, 10-seeded 

 fruit. O- S. Native of Jamaica and St. Thomas, in sandy, 

 arid places. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 462. Lam. ill. t. 346. f. 2. 

 Capsule of 10 1 -celled carpels. The flowers are pale yellow, 

 and have an agreeable odour. 



Greatest Cahrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. PL trailing. 



8 T. TRIJUGA'TUS (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 277.) leaves with 



3 pairs of leaflets, outer ones largest ; pedicels ? carpels crested 

 and muricated, 1-seeded. 0. H. Native of North America 

 in Georgia about Savannah. Flowers yellow. 



Three-paired-\ea.ved Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. 

 PL trailing. 



9 T. PUBE'SCENS ; pubescent ; leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets. 

 O- S. Native of Acra in Guinea. Flowers small, cream- 

 coloured. Capsules prickly. 



Pubescent Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PL trailing. 



Cult. The annual species of this genus require to be sown 

 in a moderate hot-bed in spring, and about the middle of May 

 the plants may be planted out in a warm sheltered situation in 

 the open border, where they will ripen their seeds. The peren- 

 nial species will grow very well in a mixture of loam and peat, 

 and they may be either increased by cuttings or seeds. 



II. EHRENBE'RGIA (in honour of C. G. Ehrenberg, a 

 traveller in Egypt, Lybia, and Arabia, author of Sylva Myco- 

 logicse Berolinensis, and other works). Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 72. 

 t. 163. 



LIN. SYST. Dec&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5-6 sepals. Pe- 

 tals 5-6, spreading. Stamens 10-12, alternate ones inserted in 

 the claws of the petals ; the others in the receptacle. Carpels 

 usually 10, 1-seeded, disposed in a whorl around the central 

 axis, crested on the back. 



1 E. TRIBULOIDES (Mart. fl. bras. 1. c.). O- S. Native 

 of Brazil. Tribulus Brasiliensis, Spreng. syst. app. p. 343. 

 A branching, diffuse, pubescent herb, with abruptly-pinnate 

 leaves, having 5-6 pairs of opposite or alternate leaflets, axil- 

 lary, 1-flowered pedicels, bearing coppery, vermilion-coloured 

 flowers. 



Tribulus-li/ce Ehrenbergia. PL trailing. 



Cult. The seeds of this plant may be raised on a hot-bed, 

 and when the plants have grown 2 or 3 inches, they may be 

 planted out in the open border in a sheltered situation, uvthe 

 month of May. 

 5 F 



